Objective To explore the technique and effect of selected three-field lymphadenectomy by left thoracotomy in treatment of thoracic middle or lower section esophageal squamous carcinoma. Methods From Jun. 2005 to Mar. 2009, 213 patients with thoracic middle or lower section of esophageal carcinoma received esophagectomy, bilateral mediastinal lymphadenectomy and pleural membrane resection.Group 1 -5, 7 - 12a, 16al, and 19 were performed to dissect abdominal lymph node and extended thoracic and abdominal lymphadenectomy and only lymph node extraction of mesoesophagus in neck field. Results 14197 lymphatic nodes(LN) were detected in 213 case. The average number of resected LN was 66. 65 ±24. 73. The metastatic lymph node was detected in 105 cases. The metastatic rate was 49.05% (105/213).There were 423 metastatic lymph nodes. The lymph nodes metastasis was 2. 97% (423/14197) of all dissected lymphatic nodes. No remnant carcinoma in the upper and lower cutting edge was found in pathological examination. The operation time ranged from 2. 92 ～ 4. 67 ( 3. 37 ± 0. 42) hours. Blood transfusion during perioperative period was 0 ～ 6u ( 1.08 ± 0. 93 ) u. Perioperative plasma transfusion was 0 ～ 1400( 103.77 ± 184. 89) ml. The hospital-time was 14 ～ 39 ( 17.64 ±4. 12) days. There were no anastomotic leakage and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. One case died from respiratory failure, the mortality was 0. 04% ( 1/213). Conclusion Surgical approach in the management of left thoracotomy in the sixth intercostals could extend resection of chest-field lymph node dissection, decrease neck field lymph node dissection. Abdomen-field lymph node dissection reached selected D3. The selected lymphadenectomy procedure had the advantages of small traumas and few complications.

Objective　To investigate the expression of endometrial leukaemia inhibitory factor（LIF） gene in patients with unexplained infertility. Methods　 By a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)，the expression of LIF gene on endometrium during mid-luteal phase was detected in 35 unexplained infertility (infertility group) cases and 20 infertile cases due to tubal obstruction or male factor (control group). Results　The level of LIF mRNA expression on endometrium during mid-luteal phase in infertility group was 0.448±0.239，significantly lower than those in the control group （1.093±0.761，P<0.01). Conclusions　Our findings suggested LIF might play an important role in the process of implantation. The decreased expression of LIF gene might be one of the major causes of unexplained infertility.

Objective To verify that traditional Chinese medicines have certain price advantages compared with western medicines,and to estimate the rational increase in the compensation proportion of traditional Chinese medicine in the new rural cooperative medical system.Methods Using stratified sampling survey and literature review,the average outpatient and hospitalization expenses in the treatment of common diseases in rural areas were calculated and compared among traditional Chinese medicine,western medicine,and integrated traditional and western medicine.Results For average outpatient and hospitalization expenses,traditional Chinese medicine was lower than western medicine,integrated traditional and western medicine was lower than western medicine.and traditional Chinese medicine was lower than integrated traditional and western medicine.For hospitalization expense,traditional Chinese medicine had a 25.2%lower expense compared with western medicine.The ratios of expenses were statistically calculated,and the mathematical model for the compensation proportions of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in the new rural cooperative medical system was put forward.Conclusions In the implementation scheme of new rural cooperative medical system,the compensation proportion of traditional Chinese medicine in outpatient and hospitalization expenses should be increased by 25%and 33%respectively compared with western medicine.

Objective To study the effects of glycyrrhizin on cerebral mitochondrial ATPase and membrane fluidity and malondialdehyde (MDA) and water content and brain function after cardiac arrest and resuscitation.Methods Eighteen dogs weighing 10-14 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 6 each) : group A control; group B cardiac arrest and resuscitation and group C glycyrrhizin + cardiac arrest and resuscitation. The animals were anesthetized with fentanyl, intubated and mechanically ventilated and PaCO2 was maintained within normal range. The chest was opened. In group B and C cardiac arrest was produced by clamping of ascending aorta and coronary perfusion with hyperkalemic cardioplegic solution and maintained for 18 min and resuscitated by direct cardiac massage, adrenaline and defibrillation. The animals were observed for 8 h after spontaneous cardiac rhythm resumed. In group C glycyrrhizin injectio 40 ml?kg-1 was infused over 8 h as soon as spontaneous cardiac rhythm resumed. Brain function was evaluated according to Pittsburgh Brain stem score (PBSS). The animals were then killed and their brains removed for determination of (1) mitochondrial membrane fluidity and Na+-K+-ATPase and Mg2+ -ATPase activity and (2) brain MDA and water content.Results The mitochondrial membrane viscosity and cerebral MDA and water content were significantly higher and ATPase activity was significantly lower in group B (cardiac arrest) than in group A (control) . Brain function was also impaired by global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in group B. In group C glycyrrhizin infusion significantly attenuated the deleterious effects of cerebral I/R by reducing mitochondrial membrane viscosity and cerebral MDA and water content and increasing ATPase activity. Glycyrrhizin infusion also improved brain function.Conclusion Glycyrrhizin can ameliorate the deleterious effects of global cerebral I/R induced by cardiac arrest.

Adult ; Aged ; Anesthesia ; methods ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies

Adult ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; therapy ; Respiration, Artificial ; methods ; Ventilators, Mechanical

OBJECTIVEOvertraining is a serious problem in sports, assessed by comprehensive multi-index evaluation, but so far there is still no sensitive, specific monitoring indicator or simple evaluation method to evaluate it. This research established a method for detecting plasma cell free DNA (cfDNA) of rats by real time PCR and discuss edits significance: a new molecular marker of overtraining?

METHODSTwelve male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and overtraining group. The overtraining group rats were undertaken overtraining on a motor-driven treadmill for 5 weeks, while the control group rats kept quiescent. All the rats were drawn blood at pre-and after-5 weeks to detect plasma levels of cfDNA, testosterone (T) and corticosterone (Cort) as well as peroxidation/antioxidation parameters (T-AOC, MDA, SOD, GSH-Px) and creatin kinase (CK).

RESULTS(1) Plasma cfDNA of rat was detected specifically by our real time PCR. (2) Compared with control group rats, the plasma cfDNA of overtraining rats increased obviously (about 5.43 fold). (3) Plasma cfDNA was related to plasma T, Cort, T/C ratio and MDA (correlation coefficent were -0.729, 0.854, -0.655 and 0.720, respectively) rather than plasma T-AOC, GSH-Px, SOD and CK.

CONCLUSION(1) A real time PCR method was established successfully to determine plasma cfDNA of rat. (2) A remarkable raises of plasma levels of cfDNA were found in overtraining rats which were associated with T, Cort and T/C, suggested that plasma cfDNA might be a new molecular marker of overtraining. (3) The increase of plasma cfDNA of overtraining rat might correlate with enhanced oxidative stress induced by overtraining instead of muscle damage.

Animals ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Corticosterone ; blood ; DNA ; isolation & purification ; Exercise Test ; Fatigue ; blood ; Male ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Plasma Cells ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Testosterone ; blood

INDENA SPA Company in Italy is a multi-national company that produces and sells plant extracts. Based on its own re- search advantages in the field of Ginkgo biloba preparation, the company protects its own products market effectively through building patent portfolio around the patents of its opponent. Based on the multi-angle analysis for patent portfolio of G. biloba preparation from the aspects of application time, legal status, technical development route, and patent portfolio layout, this article provides technical reference on research and development of G. biloba preparation, and the author suggest that Chinese applicants learn techniques and layout experiences of other patents fully to enhance the level of research and patent protection level.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; economics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Italy ; Patents as Topic ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; economics ; isolation & purification

BACKGROUND:At present, the common filing materials used to correct secondary unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity include conchae cartilage, costal cartilage, Medpor implants, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), alogenic acelular dermal matrix. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the therapeutic effects of comprehensive procedures with alogenic acelular dermal matrix or ePTFE for secondary unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity. METHODS: Thirty-six patients with secondary unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity were enroled, including 19 males and 17 females, aged 15-32 years. Alogenic acelular dermal matrix (n=22) or ePTFE (n=14) was used to correct nasal base colapse deformities. Anthropometry method was employed to make measurements. Fixed-point measurement was performed based on patient's pictures before and after correction. Long-term effects of these two kinds of filing materials were analyzed and assessed objectively and quantitatively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After the folow-up of 6 months, al the patients were satisfied with their results, and no infection and no exposure occurred. The treatment effect of the alogenic acelular dermal matrix group was excelent in 16 cases and good in 6 cases; there were 10 cases of excelent and 4 cases of good in the ePTFE group. The objective indicators in the two groups were al improved at 6 months after correction (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that alogenic acelular dermal matrix or ePTFE is useful to correct secondary unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity.

BACKGROUND: The precartilaginous stern cells are limited regarding in vitro proliferative capacity, but the immortalized cell lines can provide a large number of stable immortalized cells, and simian virus 40 large T antigen gene (SV40Tag) is one of gene fragments which are commonly used and effective in vitro immortalized ceils. OBJECTIVE: To construct human immortalized precartilaginous stem cells (IPSCs) using human precartilaginous stem calls induced by SV40LTAg gane. METHODS: The human immortalized precartilaginous stem calls were isolated from aborted fetus and purified with enzyme digestion and immunomagnetic beads screening method. By using liposome-mediated gene transfection technology, plasmid pCMVSV40T/PUR containing SV40Tag was transfected in primary embryonic precartilaginous stem cells, while non-transfected cells sewed as negative controls. Positive clones were cultured to observe the cell morphology and the passage recovery, to calculate cell survival rata and population doubling time, to drew call growth curve. Immunofluorescence cytochemistry was used to detect the expression of IPSCs fibroblast growth factor receptor 3, the expressions of SV40Tag and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 in the human precartilaginous stem cells were determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Morphology of human IPSCs seemed coincidence with primary human precartilaginous stem cells. The survival rate of human IPSCs was not influenced by subculture, freezing and recovery, but the survival rate was descended in the human precartilaginous stem cells at the 6~(th) and 10~(th) passages (P < 0.01). Compared with cells at the 6~(th) and 10~(th) passages, the proliferation of human IPSCs was greater, with short population doubling time and high growth rate (P < 0.01). The immunofluorescence showed that fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 was positive in human IPSCs at the second passage, and the RT-PCR results of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 revealed a specific amplification band at 400 bp,.while that of SV40Tag revealed at 560 bp. No band was seen in the primary cells. It is indicated that SV40Tag human IPSCs can be constructed successfully using immunomagnatic bead screening technology and liposome transfection technique.