Aneurysm, Dissecting ; therapy ; Aortic Aneurysm ; therapy ; Humans

Objective To study the perioperative morbidity and mortality of thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm ( TAA ) and analyze the relationship between the preoperative or intraoperative risk factors and the morbidity or mortality. MethodsTwenty-three TAA cases undergoing surgery between Jan. 1993 and Dec. 2001 were enrolled. Preoperative cardial, pulmonary, hepatic and renal function, the site and period of intraoperative aortic clamping as well as the emergency operation were taken into account to evaluate independent determinants of the perioperative morbidity and mortality. ResultsThe perioperative morbidity and mortality were 87.0% and 30.4% respectively. As to the morbidity, pulmonary, hepatorenal dysfunction and paraplegia are commonly seen in perioperative period of TAA. Acute renal failure is the most important cause of perioperative death. ConclusionsIntraoperative aortic blocking and massive blood transfusion are the independent determinants influencing perioperative adverse events significantly.

Objective To study operative morbidity and mortality of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (IAAA) and analyze the correlation between the preoperative or intraoperative risk factors and the morbidity or mortality. Methods Between Jan 1993 and Dec 2001, 120 IAAA cases undergoing surgery were analyzed. Preoperative cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic and renal condition, time of intraoperative aortic clamping as well as emergent operation were taken into account to evaluate the independent determinants of operative morbidity and mortality. Results The operative morbidity was 56.7% and mortality was 10.0%, with the mortality of elective surgery of 5.4% and emergent surgery of 66.7%. Conclusion Preoperative coronary heart disease, hypertention, renal dysfunction and massive blood transfution intra- or postoperatively adversely influenced the postoperative outcome significantly.

In this study, solvent evaporation method was used to preparing baicalin ethylcellulose microspheres for intranasal administration. The prepared microspheres were round with certain rough surface. The average drug loading and entrapment efficiency was (33. 31 ± 0. 045)% , (63. 34 ± 0. 11)% , respectively. As the characteristic crystalline peaks of baicalin were observed in the microspheres sample, the result of X-ray diffractometric analysis indicated that the baicalin was present in crystalline form after its entrapment in ethylcellulose matrix. By investigating the thermogram of microspheres sample, it was found that endothermic peak of baicalin was shifted from 211. 8 °C to 244. 2 °C and associated with the first broad endothermic peak of ethylcellulose. This could confirm that baicalin was loaded into ethylcellulose, nor simply physical mixture. The powder flowability test exhibited that the specific energy of microspheres was 3. 57 mJ . g-1 and the pressure drop was 2. 22 mBar when air kept the speed of 2 mm . s-1 through the powder bed with the force was 15 kPa. The consequence of the baicalin in vitro released from microspheres showed that the pure baicalin sample displayed faster (90%) release than microspheres sample (75%) in 7 h. Fitting model for release curve before 7 h, the results showed that the pure baicalin sample and the microsphere sample accorded with first order model (R2 = 0. 990 4) and Riger-Peppas model(R2 = 0. 961 2), respectively. Ex vivo rabbit nasal mucosa permeability experiment revealed that the value of cumulative release rate per unit area of the microsphere sample was 1. 56 times that of the pure baicalin sample. This provided the foundation for the in vivo pharmacokinetic study.
Administration, Intranasal ; Air Pressure ; Animals ; Cellulose ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Flavonoids ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Microspheres ; Mucous Membrane ; metabolism ; Particle Size ; Powders ; Rabbits ; Solvents ; X-Ray Diffraction

BACKGROUND: Being a kind of regenerative and auto-transplanting cell, olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) has been extensively concerned on transplantation treatment for spinal disease. Concerning to the transplantation in treatment of cerebral hemorrhage, it is expected a further accumulation of experimental results at present.OBJECTIVE: To observe the proliferation of neural progenitor cells in cerebral hemorrhagic rats after OEC transplantation and to evaluate the therapeutic effects of OEC transplantation on cerebral hemorrhage.DESIGN: Completely randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: Department of Neurology of Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Research Center for Clinical Neurology , Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from March 2002 to March 2003. Thirty-two healthy male Wistar rats were employed and randomized into 2 groups, 16 rats in each. In OEC transplantation group, on the 3rd day of modeling hemorrhage of caudate nucleus, OEC suspension 10 μL was injected evenly in the brain of rat (1 μL/min). In the control group, physiological saline 10 μL was injected.METHODES: Neural function evaluation was done before transplantation,on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 30th days after transplantation successively. On the first day after modeling, 1 rat was collected from each of two groups to prepare brain tissue section. Myelin sheath blue staining was used for observation of neuronal axonal myelin sheath. Never fiber argentophil staining was used for observation of never fiber. One rat was collected from each of two groups on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 30th days after transplantation successively to prepare paraffin section. The survival and migration after OEC transplantation as well as proliferation of neural progenitor cell were observed.The count of neural progenitor cell was recorded.myelin sheath and nerve fiber after cerebral hemorrhage in rats of two function deficits on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 30th days after cerebral hemorrhage in rats of two groups.around and in hematoma on the 30th day after cerebral hemorrhage: In transplantation group, myelinated amount and nerve fiber amount were cell after cerebral hemorrhage in rats of two groups: on the 7th, 14th and 30th days after cerebral hemorrhage, the amount of neural progenitor cell in OEC transplantation group was more remarkably than that in the control group [(41.1 ±2.4)pcs/vision field, (34.5 ±1.2)pcs/vision field; (43.6±1.2)pcs/vision rield, (37.2±2.0)pcs/vision field; (19.3±1.0)pcs/vision rield, ( 14.2±0.4)pcs/videficits after cerebral hemorrhage in rats of two groups: In OEC transplantation group, on the 14th and 30th days, the evaluation was lower remarkably than the 3rd day [(2.21 ±0.20)scores, (1.50±0.21)scores, (2.74±0.21)scores, (t=2.06, 3.27, P ＜ 0.05)]. In the control group, that on the 30th day after cerebral hemorrhage was lower than that on the 3rd day [(1.96±0.12)scores ,(2.76±0.20) scores, (t=2.47, P ＜ 0.05 )].tion of intracerebral nerve cell, re-myelination and building-up synaptic system so as to recover the motor function and accelerate repair of injured tissue.

Traditional herbal medicines, Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium and Panax notoginseng, attract our attention for their extensive and powerful pharmacological activities. Ginsenosides are the main active constituents of these medicinal herbs. The related glycosyltransferases involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis are the key enzymes which catalyze the last important step. Modification of ginsenoside aglycones by glycosyltransferases produces the complexity and diversity of ginsenosides, which have more extensive pharmacological activity. At present, ginsenoside aglycones and compound K have been obtained by synthetic biology. As the last step of ginsenoside biosynthesis, glycosylation of ginsenoside aglycones has been studied intensively in recent years. This review summarizes the basic strategies and research advances in studies on glycosyltransferases involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis, which is expected to lay the theoretical foundation for the in-depth research of biosynthetic pathway of ginsenosides and their production by synthetic biology.
Biosynthetic Pathways ; Ginsenosides ; biosynthesis ; Glycosyltransferases ; metabolism ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Synthetic Biology

To optimize the pretreatment of Huanglian Jiedu decoction before ceramic membranes and verify the effect of different pretreatments in multiple model system existed in Chinese herb aqueous extract. The solution environment of Huanglian Jiedu decoction was adjusted by different pretreatments. The flux of microfiltration, transmittance of the ingredients and removal rate of common polymers were as indicators to study the effect of different solution environment It was found that flocculation had higher stable permeate flux, followed by vacuuming filtration and adjusting pH to 9. The removal rate of common polymers was comparatively high. The removal rate of protein was slightly lower than the simulated solution. The transmittance of index components were higher when adjust pH and flocculation. Membrane blocking resistance was the major factor in membrane fouling. Based on the above indicators, the effect of flocculation was comparatively significant, followed by adjusting pH to 9.
Ceramics ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flocculation ; Membranes, Artificial ; Polymers ; chemistry ; Solutions ; chemistry ; Ultrafiltration ; methods

Tetradrine-tashionone II(A)-PLGA composite microspheres were prepared by the SPG membrane emulsification method, and the characterization of tetradrine-tashionone II(A) -PLGA composite microspheres were studied in this experiment. The results of IR, DSC and XRD showed that teradrine and tashionone II(A) in composite microspheres were highly dispersed in the PLGA with amorphous form. The results of tetradrine-tashionone II(A) -PLGA composite microspheres in vitro release experiment showed that the cumulative release amounts of tetradrine and tashionone II(A) were 6.44% and 3.60% in 24 h, and the cumulative release amounts of tetradrine and tashionone II(A) were 89.02% and 21.24% in 17 d. The process of drug in vitro release accorded with the model of Riger-Peppas. Tetradrine-tashionone II(A) -PLGA composite microspheres had slow-release effect, and it could significantly reduce the burst release, prolong the therapeutic time, decrease the dosage of drugs and provide a new idea and method to prepare traditional Chinese medicine compound.
Benzofurans ; chemistry ; Benzylisoquinolines ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Compounding ; instrumentation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Lactic Acid ; chemistry ; Microspheres ; Particle Size ; Polyglycolic Acid ; chemistry

In order to analyze the immunogenicity of the recombinant EG95s protein ,the recombinant plasmids of pET-1EG95s ,pET-2EG95s and pET-3EG95s which containing respectively 1 ,2 ,and 3 copies EG95s were induced to express HIS-1EG95s ,HIS-2EG95s and HIS-3EG95s ,and then the proteins were purified and identified by western-blotting .The same im-mune process was used ,and 8 weeks-old BALB/c mice were immunized ,then its immunogenicity was analyzed by detecting an-tibody levels in mice by indirect ELISA method .Results showed that for recombinant EG95s proteins after transformation , HIS-1EG95s ,HIS-2EG95s ,and HIS-3EG95s also retained immunogenicity and could induce specific antibodies in mice .One week's late after the first immunization with HIS-1EG95s ,the antibody level of was significantly higher than HIS-2EG95s and HIS-3EG95s .But began from 2 weeks after immunization ,the antibody level of HIS-3EG95s was always higher than that of HIS-1EG95s group during the period of the immune .Both the final antibody titers after immunization of HIS-1EG95s and HIS-2EG95s groups was 1∶819 200 ,while HIS-3EG95s group was 1∶163 840 0 .HIS-1EG95s ,HIS-2EG95s and HIS-3EG95s all induced IFN-γin immune mice ,but the difference was not significant .The HIS-1EG95s showed lower response to Echinococ-cus granulosus positive serum than HIS-2EG95s and HIS-3EG95s .It’s indicated that the HIS-1EG95s and HIS-3EG95s also had good immunogenicity .HIS-3EG95s make recombinant protein immunic effects more lasting ,and benefit to generate more long-lasting protective immunity .This study provides the scientific basis for the immunization of echinococcosis (hydatidosis) .

Objective CD44, a cell surface glycoprotein, plays an important role in tumor growth and glycolysis.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of neutralizing CD44 antibodies on the growth and glycolytic metabolism of B16 cells in melanoma in vitro.Methods B16 cells were treated with control antibodies (50 μg/mL) or different concentrations of CD44 antibodies (2, 10, and 50 μg/mL) for 24 hours, followed by examination of the activation of the AKT pathway in the B16 cells by Western blot.Then the tumor cells were also treated with control antibodies (50 μg/mL) or CD44 antibodies (50μg/mL) after pretreated with API-2 (4 μmol/L) in a parallel test.After 48 hours of treatment, the expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) in the B16 cells and the level of lactate in the culture supernatant were detected by immunofluorescence and colorimetry, respectively.Lastly, the B16 cells were treated with control antibodies (50μg/mL), API-2 (4 μmol/L), CD44 antibodies (50μg/mL), or API-2 + CD44 antibodies for 96 hours, followed by measurement of the proliferation of the cells by MTT and their apoptosis by AO/EB and AnnexinV staining.Results In comparison with the control antibody group, the level of AKT phosphorylation (p-AKT) in the B16 cells showed a concentration-dependent increase in the 2, 10, and 50 μg/mL CD44 antibody groups (1.00±0.25 vs 2.51±0.32, 3.89±0.46, and 4.07±0.42, P<0.01), and the expression of LDHA was increased by (2.13±0.24) times, with the lactate level in the culture supernatant significantly elevated from (35.32±3.24) to (56.34±8.19) mmol/L (P<0.01) after 96 hours of treatment with 50 μg/mL CD44 antibodies.Treatment with API-2+CD44 antibodies, however, suppressed the increase in the LDHA expression and reduced the level of lactate.Compared with the control antibody group, the proliferation rate of the B16 cells was markedly decreased in the API-2, CD44 antibody, and API-2+CD44 antibody groups ([103±12.91] vs [84.87±19.35], [71.35±16.23], and [41.16±9.15]%, P<0.05), while the apoptosis rate remarkably increased ([5.23±0.96] vs [13.65±4.27], [19.21±3.53], and [43.21±7.87]%, P<0.01).Conclusion Neutralizing the function of CD44 in the B16 cells in vitro can inhibit the growth of the cells and promote AKT-mediated glycolytic metabolism, while suppressing the AKT pathway may enhance the antitumor activity of the CD44 antibody.