Objective To compare the efficacy of sevoflurane inhalation and remifentanil-propofol anesthesia in patients undergoing total gastrectomy. Methods Forty ASA class Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients with gastric cancer were divided into sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia (group S) and remifentanil-propofol intravenous anesthesia(group P), with 20 cases each. Perioperative hemodynamic veriables, bispectral index (BIS) values and end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane were continuously monitored. The time of recovery from anesthesia and adverse reactions of anesthesia were recorded as well. Results Compared with those before anesthesia, BP and HR were significantly decreased (P< 0. 05). The depth of anesthesia in both groups was maintained well with BIS in 45-60 and vital signs were stable during operation. The recovery from anesthesia was quicker in group P than that in group S. The incidences of restlessness and couphing were obviously lower in group P than those in group S (P<0.05). Conclusion Either sevoflurane inhalation or remifentanil-propofol intravenous anesthesia can be used safely in total gastrectomy.

Objective To evaluate the surgical procedures and both oncological and functional outcome in patients with bone tumors of the shoulder girdle.Methods Seventy-one patients including 61.pts with malignant tumor and 10 pts with giant cell tumors of the shoulder girdle treated in our department from July 1998 to July 2006 were studied retrospectively.According to the location,there were 15 pts with scapula tumor and 56 pts with proximal humeral tumor.Forty-two male pts and 29 female pts were included in this study with an average age of 36.5 years old ranging from 11.to 62 years old.Surgical procedures:forequarter amputation in 10 pts;Scapulectomy in 3 pts;Scapulectomy and artificial scapular replacement in 3pts;partial scapulectomy and proximal humerus resection with prosthetic reconstruction in 8 pts;proximal humerus resection and prosthesis replacement in 47 pts.Results Due to adequate soft tissue was preserved,the mean functional score was 28 for the pts with giant cell tumor according to MSTS functional scoring system,compared with the functional score 23 for the pts with malignant tumor because the deltoid muscle insertion was resected in the latter group.Among the thirty-seven patients with osteosarcoma,local recurrence occurred in four cases(10.8%),lung metastasis in five and bone metastasis in two.The seven patients died of disease.One patient iagnosed of malignancy in giant cell tumor died after distal metastasis.thtee patients with Ewing sarcoma died of the disease.No recurrence Wag observed in both five humeral chondrosarcoma and five scapular chondrosarcoma.Conclusion Tumot resection and proximal humeral prostbesis replacement is the optimal method for the sarcoma of shoulder girdle in term of preservation of elbow and hand function.Preservation of abductor insertion is necessary for good abduction function.The metastatic rate of proximal humeral osteosarcoma was lower than that of lower extremities.also the prognosis of oncological outcome.Intra-articular and extra-atticular tumor resection produced similar local recurrence rate in the present study,which suggested intra-articular resection may be an altemafive procedure.

In order to explore the effect of flipped classroom in theoretical teaching of biochemistry,lipids metabolism was selected to carry out four stages flipped classroom.The teaching effect of flipped classroom was evaluated by test and questionnaire survey of students.The results indicated that most undergraduate students could accept novel teaching method.However,the consciousness and the ability of students' independent learning need to be further improved.It also takes time for the students to adapt to the transition from traditional teaching to flipped c1assroom.In summary,the specificity of Biochemistry may limit the carrying out of flipped classroom to some extent.Therefore,which kind of teaching method is adopted depends on the biochemistry theoretical content.Our work may provide some references for further application of flipped classroom in biochemistry teaching.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pharmacokinetics of zolpidem tartrate tablet in Han healthy volunteers. METHODS: 10 Han health volunteers were given 10 mg zolpidem tartrate tablet via p.o. The plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC-fluorescence method and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 2.0.1 software. RESULTS: The plasma concentration-time curve of zolpidem tartrate is fitted to one-compartment model with a first order absorption. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: tmax(0.9?0.5)h,Cmax(190.8?70.6)?g?L-1, t1/2(2.2?0.6)h,Vd/F(0.938?0.256)L?kg-1, CL/F (18.09?10.22)L?h-1, AUC0～12(624.9?190.8) ?g?h?L-1, AUC0～∞(650.1?208.4)?g?h?L-1. CONCLUSION: The pharmacokinetic parameters of zolpidem tartrate in healthy volunlteers are concordant with that stated in literature reports, which can be the basis of pharmacokinetic study in people of different nationalities.

A new, convenient, and rapid method for kinetic measurement of human fibrinolysis was established. The alteration of absorbance (A) in the process of blood coagulation and lyses was automatically scanned and recorded using a UV2000 spectrophotometer connected to a computer. The parameters of human fibrinolysis kinetics were established. Urokinase at 20 U/mL was the optimal concentration used. There was significant difference in fibrinolysis kinetics and plasma plasminogen concentration between 22 normal subjects and 27 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (P<0.05 and <0.01 respectively). The coefficience of variation was (5.24+/-1.51)%. This method could also be used to measure the plasma fibrinogen concentration at the same time. It was concluded that this method was stable and was capable of providing dynamic, direct experimental data and multiparemeters for clinicians. It was also valuable in evaluating the anti-and pro-fibrinolytic capcity of patients' plasmas, allowing for monitoring of therapy, choice of drugs and adjustment of drug concentrations.

SHG was sulfated by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method, and six samples which we got were prepared in different reaction conditions. There is a characteristic absorption peak near 260 nm in UV spectra and there are two characteristic absorption peaks near 1240 cm(-1) and 810 cm(-1) in the FT-IR. Degree of sulfation (DS) was calculated by elemental analysis and turbidimetry. Under the same conditions the absorption peaks become strong with the DS increase. The anticoagulant activity of SHG and sulfated modification samples was evaluated by the classic coagulant assays of prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thrombin time (APTT) live enzymes, and plasma thrombin time (TT). Results show that sulfated SHG has a good anticoagulant activity in vitro, and DS increased activity within a certain range.

Object To establish an analysis method for determ in ation of irone in Iris tectorum Maxim. f. alba Makino. Methods The three isomers of irone were quantitatively analyz ed by GC-MS. Irone in I. tectorum extract was determinated by GC. Results The three isomers of irone, ?, ?, ?- irone were s p eculated according to the MS splitting decomposition law. Irone contents in the extract were 687, 238 ?g/g (n=6), which h ad much difference. Conclusion The analysis method for irone by GC-MS and GC is hig her efficiency, precise, and the analysis time is acceptable.

BACKGROUND:Studies addressing coronary heart disease are largely dependent on the establishment of myocardial infarction animal models. It is very important that exploring a safe method with easy operation, less damage, long time survival and high survival rate for myocardial infarction animal model OBJECTIVE:To compare the pros and cons of two kinds of thoracotomy anterior descending coronary artery ligation to do myocardial infarction animal model. METHODS: Thirty healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: control, median sternotomy incision, and left sternal incision. The anterior descending coronary artery was ligated after thoracotomy. The operation time, amount of intraoperative bleeding, postoperative food intake, and recovery time of eating were monitored during the surgery and within 24 hours after the surgery. And myocardial enzyme indexes were also monitored within 24 hours after the surgery. Rabbits were detected with ultrasonic echocardiogram at 4 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Different levels of ST segment elevation appeared in median sternotomy and left sternal incision groups by echocardiogram. The success rate of modeling was 70% in median sternotomy incision group, and 80% in left sternal incision group. Within 24 hours post-surgery, the myocardial enzyme indexes in the two groups were significantly increased compared with before surgery (P < 0.05). At 4 weeks, the left ventricular ejection fraction and the left ventricular shortening fraction were significantly decreased when compared to before surgery (P< 0.05). The operation time was shorter, the amount of bleeding was less, the time of eating recovery was less and the amount of eating was much in median sternotomy group than in left sternal incision, with significant differences between he two groups (P < 0.05). The median sternotomy incision for the ligation of anterior descending coronary artery is better than the left sternal incision to establish myocardial infarction models.

Objective To investigate if women with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), positive thyroid gland peroxidase antibody(TPOAb) in early pregnancy accepted treatment or not had effect on perinatal outcomes. Methods 15 000 pregnant women who delivered in Women and Infants Hospital of Zhengzhou from January 1, 2013 to June 30, 2014 were recruited retrospectively. Among them, 2 042 women had SCH in early pregnancy. The diagnostic standard of SCH was serum free thyroxine (FT4) between 12.91-22.35 pmol/L and TSH level between 5.22-10.00 mU/L. TPOAb level ≥34 U/L was defined as positive result. The 2 042 patients with SCH were divided into the treated group (1 236 cases) and the untreated group (806 cases), according to whether or not women accepted the levothyroxine treatment. Meanwhile, the 2 042 patients with SCH were divided into the TPOAb (+) treated group (1 021 cases), the TPOAb (+) untreated group (201 cases), the TPOAb (-) treated group (215 cases) and the TPOAb (-) untreated group (605 cases), according to the TPOAb result and acceptance the levothyroxine treatment. 2 000 pregnant women with normal thyroid function who delivered in the same period were selected as the control group. Perinatal outcomes were analyzed. Results (1) The incidence of SCH in early pregnancy was 13.61%(2 042/15 000). 60.53%(1 236/2 042) accepted levothyroxine treatment and 39.47%(806/2 042) did not. (2) The incidence of abortion (5.71%, 46/806), premature delivery (6.20%, 50/806), gestational hypertension disease (13.90%, 112/806), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM;6.58%, 53/806), fetal growth restriction (FGR;12.28%, 99/806)and low birth weight infants (10.17%, 82/806)in the untreated group were higher than those in the treated group [3.96%(49/1 236), 4.21%(52/1 236), 10.76%(133/1 236), 4.13%(51/ 1 236), 8.90%(110/1 236), 7.52%(93/1 236), respectively] and the control group [3.60% (72/2 000), 4.00%(80/2 000) , 10.70%(214/2 000) , 3.80%(76/2 000), 9.60%(192/2 000), 7.50%(150/2 000), respectively]. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). While there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of placental abruption, anemia in pregnant women, or fetal distress among the three groups (P>0.05). (3)The incidences of abortion (11.44%, 23/201), premature delivery (12.44%, 25/201), gestational hypertension disease (22.89%, 46/201), GDM (8.46%, 17/201), FGR (19.90%, 40/201) and low birth weight infants (16.42%, 33/201) in the TPOAb (+) untreated group were higher than those in TPOAb (+) treated group [4.02% (41/1 021), 4.21% (43/1 021), 10.77% (110/1 021), 4.11% (42/1 021), 8.72% (89/1 021), 7.35%(75/1 021), respectively] and the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The incidence of the pregnancy complications in the TPOAb (+) treated group was higher than those in the control group, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). (4)There were no statistically significant difference (P> 0.05) in the incidence of abortion (3.72%, 8/215), premature delivery (4.19%, 9/215), gestational hypertension disease (10.70%, 23/215), GDM (4.19%, 9/215), FGR (9.77%, 21/215) or low birth weight infants (8.37%, 18/215) among the TPOAb (-) treated group, the TPOAb (-) untreated group [3.80% (23/605), 4.13%(25/605), 10.91%(66/605), 5.95%(36/605), 9.75%(59/605), 8.10%(49/605), respectively] and the control group. Conclusions (1) The incidence of abortion, premature delivery, gestational hypertension disease, GDM, FGR and low birth weight infants could be increased in women with SCH in early pregnancy.(2) Thyroxine treatment could reduce the incidence of pregnancy complications in women with SCH in early pregnancy. Objective To investigate if women with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), positive thyroid gland peroxidase antibody(TPOAb) in early pregnancy accepted treatment or not had effect on perinatal outcomes. Methods 15 000 pregnant women who delivered in Women and Infants Hospital of Zhengzhou from January 1, 2013 to June 30, 2014 were recruited retrospectively. Among them, 2 042 women had SCH in early pregnancy. The diagnostic standard of SCH was serum free thyroxine (FT4) between 12.91-22.35 pmol/L and TSH level between 5.22-10.00 mU/L. TPOAb level ≥34 U/L was defined as positive result. The 2 042 patients with SCH were divided into the treated group (1 236 cases) and the untreated group (806 cases), according to whether or not women accepted the levothyroxine treatment. Meanwhile, the 2 042 patients with SCH were divided into the TPOAb (+) treated group (1 021 cases), the TPOAb (+) untreated group (201 cases), the TPOAb (-) treated group (215 cases) and the TPOAb (-) untreated group (605 cases), according to the TPOAb result and acceptance the levothyroxine treatment. 2 000 pregnant women with normal thyroid function who delivered in the same period were selected as the control group. Perinatal outcomes were analyzed. Results (1) The incidence of SCH in early pregnancy was 13.61%(2 042/15 000). 60.53%(1 236/2 042) accepted levothyroxine treatment and 39.47%(806/2 042) did not. (2) The incidence of abortion (5.71%, 46/806), premature delivery (6.20%, 50/806), gestational hypertension disease (13.90%, 112/806), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM;6.58%, 53/806), fetal growth restriction (FGR;12.28%, 99/806)and low birth weight infants (10.17%, 82/806)in the untreated group were higher than those in the treated group [3.96%(49/1 236), 4.21%(52/1 236), 10.76%(133/1 236), 4.13%(51/ 1 236), 8.90%(110/1 236), 7.52%(93/1 236), respectively] and the control group [3.60% (72/2 000), 4.00%(80/2 000) , 10.70%(214/2 000) , 3.80%(76/2 000), 9.60%(192/2 000), 7.50%(150/2 000), respectively]. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). While there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of placental abruption, anemia in pregnant women, or fetal distress among the three groups (P>0.05). (3)The incidences of abortion (11.44%, 23/201), premature delivery (12.44%, 25/201), gestational hypertension disease (22.89%, 46/201), GDM (8.46%, 17/201), FGR (19.90%, 40/201) and low birth weight infants (16.42%, 33/201) in the TPOAb (+) untreated group were higher than those in TPOAb (+) treated group [4.02% (41/1 021), 4.21% (43/1 021), 10.77% (110/1 021), 4.11% (42/1 021), 8.72% (89/1 021), 7.35%(75/1 021), respectively] and the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The incidence of the pregnancy complications in the TPOAb (+) treated group was higher than those in the control group, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). (4)There were no statistically significant difference (P> 0.05) in the incidence of abortion (3.72%, 8/215), premature delivery (4.19%, 9/215), gestational hypertension disease (10.70%, 23/215), GDM (4.19%, 9/215), FGR (9.77%, 21/215) or low birth weight infants (8.37%, 18/215) among the TPOAb (-) treated group, the TPOAb (-) untreated group [3.80% (23/605), 4.13%(25/605), 10.91%(66/605), 5.95%(36/605), 9.75%(59/605), 8.10%(49/605), respectively] and the control group. Conclusions (1) The incidence of abortion, premature delivery, gestational hypertension disease, GDM, FGR and low birth weight infants could be increased in women with SCH in early pregnancy.(2) Thyroxine treatment could reduce the incidence of pregnancy complications in women with SCH in early pregnancy.

Objective To investigate the changes in circulatory and pulmonary monary angiotensinⅡin rats with acite lung injury(ALI)and explore the role of angiotensinⅡin ALI.Method Thirty S-D rats were randomly divided into control group(n=6)and ALI group(n=24).The ALI group was further divided into four subgroups of observation at various intervals,3,6,9 and 12 hours after administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)into the femoral vein(each n=6).The indices rate,blood gas analysis,wet weight/dry weight(W/D)ratio of lung lobes,and pathological changes were successively observed at 3,6,9,and 12 hours after injury.The content of angiotensinⅡin lung tissue and blood plasma were detected at above set intervals by radioimmunoassay.Data of these assays were analyzed by one-factor analysis of variance.Results Compare with the control group,pH and PaO2 of arterial blood in ALI group decreased significantly(P＜0.05)at all intervals and PaCO2 of arterial blood in ALI group decreased significanfly(P＜0.05).at all intervals and PaCO2 of arterial blood and lung W/D weight ratio increased significantly(P＜0.05),and scores of lung histopathology denoted the lung injuried(P＜0.01).After injury of lung,angiotensin Ⅱ content increased markedly in lung homogenate and blood plasma (P＜0.05).Angiotensin Ⅱ content in blood plasma reached peak value at 9 hours,and content of angiotensin Ⅱ in lung homogenates kept on increasing at allintervals of observation.Conclusions A large amount of angiotensin Ⅱ releases into lung tissue and blood plasma during ALI,suggesting systemic and pulmonary rennin-angiotensin systems are activated.