s:The chemical constituents of gliocladium roseum(called Y)accelerating the growth of famous medicin al plant Anoectochilus roxburghiiwas studied.Five comp ounds were separated by silica gel column chromatograph from this fungal mycelia and their structures were elu cidated by the data of IR,NMR,UV and MS.Compound I was 6,22-diene-3-hydroxy- 5,8-epidioxy ergosta,compound 2 is ergosterol,compound 3 is D-arabitol and com pound 4 is mannitol.

The HPLC fingerprints of Niuhuangjiedu tablets (NHJDT) were established and assessed by systematic quantified fingerprint method. The chromatographic fingerprints (CFPs) were determined by reversed-phase HPLC, in which the CFPs containing 53 co-possessing peaks were marked by choosing baicalin peak as the referential peak. Fifteen batches of NHJDT were identified with hierarchical clustering analysis by using macro qualitative similarities and macro quantitative similarities as variables. According to the results of classification, the referential fingerprint (RFP) was synthesized from 10 batches of NHJDTs. Taking the RFP for the qualified model, the whole 15 batches of NHJDTs were evaluated by the systematic quantified fingerprint method. Among the 15 batches of NHJDT, 9 batches were completely qualified, the relative variance of leveling coefficient of 1 batch was obviously higher while the contents of other 5 batches were lower. The systematic quantified fingerprint method closely integrates the systematic fingerprints with the macro qualitative similarities and macro quantitative similarities to perform the entire qualification and quantitation analyses, which can briefly and effectively assess the quality of Chinese traditional medicine.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Tablets

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and side effects of oral Fructus bruceae oil combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of esophageal cancer.

METHODSA total of 80 patients with esophageal cancer were equally and randomly divided into two groups. The patients in Group A were treated with radiotherapy (60-65 Gy, 6-7 weeks) and oral Fructus bruceae oil (20 mL, 3 times per day for 12 weeks), while the patients in Group B were treated with radiotherapy alone. The short-term effect was evaluated by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and quality of life (QOL) was evaluated by the Karnofsky scoring (KFS). The outcome measures included complete remission (CR) rate, partial remission (PR) rate, effective rate as CR+PR, patients' QOL and adverse effects.

RESULTSAfter 12-week treatment, the CR and CR+PR were significantly higher in Group A than those in Group B (P <0.05). There was an improvement in esophageal obstruction of 87.5% and 60.0%, respectively, and in KFS of 84.6% and 43.9%, respectively, in Groups A and B.

CONCLUSIONOral medication with oral Fructus bruceae oil could effectively improve the efficacy of radiotherapy in esophageal cancer, including a reduction in esophageal obstruction, and also reduce the side effects of radiotherapy; thus it would be very promising for clinical application.

Administration, Oral ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Quassia ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

With the excellent merits of wide analytical range, high sensitivity, small sample size, fast analysis speed, good repeatability, simple operation, low mobile phase consumption, as well as its capability of simultaneous isolation and identification, etc, mass spectrometry techniques have become widely used in the area of environmental science, energy chemical industry, biological medicine, and so on. This article reviews the application of mass spectrometry technology in biological sample analysis in the latest three years with the focus on the new applications in pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence, toxicokinetics, pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic, population pharmacokinetics, identification and fragmentation pathways of drugs and their metabolites and metabonomics to provide references for further study of biological sample analysis.
Animals ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Metabolomics ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; chemistry ; Pharmacokinetics ; Pharmacology ; Therapeutic Equivalency

OBJECTIVEAnalyzing the relationships between peripheral blood CD4+ CD25hi regulatory T (Treg) cells and peripheral blood immune status or plasma HIV-lviral load in HIV-infected individuals,so as to determine whether Treg were related to the progression of HIV-infected disease.

METHODS116 HIV-infected patients in different stages and 21 healthy control individuals were included in this study. The CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts were determined by a standard 4-color flow cytometry technique. The Treg cells were examined with 3-color immune staining flow cytometry. The plasma HIV-1 viral load was detected by real time PCR.

RESULTSThe frequencies of Treg cells decreased in HIV-infected individuals with high CD4+ T cell counts( > 300/microl) compared with normal controls. With the progression of disease the frequencies of Treg cells were raised gradually, until were increased in HIV-infected individuals with low levels of CD4+ T cell counts ( < 100/microl). In addition, the frequencies of Treg cells were inversely related to CD4+ T cell counts and CD4+ /CD8+ ratio, data showed a statistically significant (respectively, r = -0.564, P < 0.001; r = -0.377, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the proportions of Treg cells were closely related to plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load (r = 0.514, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONCD4 CD25hi Treg cells should be a kind of important cells participating the immunopathogenesis of AIDS. It may play different roles in different stages of HIV-infected disease. The exact mechanism of Treg cells in the progression of the HIV-infected disease needs to be investigate further.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Progression ; Female ; HIV Infections ; immunology ; pathology ; virology ; HIV-1 ; genetics ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology ; Viral Load

OBJECTIVETo detect HBV-LP and HBV DNA of the patients with hepatitis B, and to study the sensitive and specificity of HBV-LP detecting and its evaluate on for clinical application.

METHODSThe ELISA was used for HBV-LP detecting and RT-PCR for HBV DNA detecting.

RESULTSThe sensitive and specificity of HBV-LP and HBV DNA were 64.89%, 99.68%, 60.63% and 100% respectively (P > 0.05); +LR, -LR were 202.78, 60.63, 0.3522 and 0.3937, and there were significance between +LR of the detecting (P < 0.005).

CONCLUSIONThe sensitive and specificity of HBV-LP and HBV DNA detecting are considerable, +LR of HBV-LP are higher comparing HBV DNA. The HBV-LP is better serology index for detecting replication of HBV DNA.

Adolescent ; Adult ; DNA Replication ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; methods ; Hepatitis B ; blood ; diagnosis ; virology ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; blood ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Anoectochilus roxburghii.

METHODSilica gel and sephadex LH-20 column chromotography were used in the isolation from the ethanol extracts of the whole plant, the compounds were determined on the basis of various modern spectroscopic analysis and physical constants.

RESULTFive compounds were isolated from the CHCl3 soluble portion, identified as p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (I), ferulic acid (II), quercetin (III), daucosterol (IV), cirsilineol (V).

CONCLUSIONAll these compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time, compound V was isolated from the Orchid Family for the first time, the other compounds were isolated from this genus for the first time.

Benzaldehydes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Coumaric Acids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo identify the risk factors of early post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and the long-time survival of patients with or without early post-TIPS HE.

METHODSConsecutive cirrhotic patients who underwent TIPS for variceal rebleeding or refractory ascites in our center from January 2003 to December 2008 were included in this study. More than 60 clinical characteristics were enrolled in univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis to define the risk factors of HE in 3 months after TIPS procedure (early post-TIPS HE). The long-time survival of patients with or without early post-TIPS HE was compared by Cox regression with several covariates.

RESULTSAccording to our inclusion criteria, 190 patients were included. The median follow-up was 30.5 months. Lower serum concentration of fibrinogen and higher Child-Pugh score were the independent risk factors for suffering early post-TIPS HE. Patients without early post-TIPS HE after TIPS showed better prognosis than those with early post-TIPS HE after TIPS (P = 0.044).

CONCLUSIONPatients with lower serum fibrinogen and higher Child-Pugh score before TIPS might be more probably attacked by early post-TIPS HE which indicated worse long-term survival.

Adult ; Female ; Fibrinogen ; analysis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic ; adverse effects ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors

Objective::To compare the protective effect of different bile (porcine bile, oxgall and sheep bile) and their Arisaema cum Bile on rats with acute lung injury, so as to provide reference for the selection of bile and the classification of decoction pieces of Arisaema cum Bile. Method::Wistar male rats were randomly divided into 8 groups (n=12), including blank group, model group, porcine bile group, oxgall group, sheep bile group, Arisaema cum Bile with porcine bile group, Arisaema cum Bile with oxgall group and Arisaema cum Bile with sheep bile group. Rats in each treatment group were given corresponding drug solution by gavage at 2.52 g·kg^-1 every day, and rats in the model group and the blank group were given the same volume of normal saline by gavage every day for a total of 8 days. On the 8^th day, after 1 h of administration, rats in the model group and each treatment group were intraperitoneally injected lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 2 mg·kg^-1) to prepare rat lung injury model. Blood and lung tissues were collected from every four rats at 3, 6, 24 h after LPS injection, respectively. Lung coefficient, lung water content and wet weight/dry weight ratio of lung tissue (W/D) were measured, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and thromboxane B₂ (TXB₂) in serum and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in lung tissue were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The pathological morphology of rat lung tissue was observed and the score of lung tissue injury was calculated. Result::Compared with the model group at the same time point, the lung coefficient, W/D, lung water content, contents of TNF-α, IL-6 and TXB₂ in serum, contents of MDA and MMP-9 in lung tissue of rats in each treatment group were all decreased, and most of them had significant differences (P<0.05, P<0.01), but the activities of GSH-Px and SOD were all increased, and most of them had significant differences (P<0.05, P<0.01). The oxgall group and the sheep bile group were superior to the porcine bile group in most of the indexes, the Arisaema cum Bile with oxgall group and the Arisaema cum Bile with sheep bile group were superior to the Arisaema cum Bile with porcine bile group, and some of them had significant differences(P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion::Each bile group and each Arisaema cum Bile group all have protective effects on rats with acute lung injury induced by LPS, and the therapeutic effect of oxgall and sheep bile is better than that of porcine bile, the therapeutic effect of Arisaema cum Bile prepared by oxgall and sheep bile is better than that of Arisaema cum Bile prepared by porcine bile.