Breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) are group of cells exhibiting self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation potentials. These cells have an important role in the occurrence, development, metastasis, and recurrence of breast cancer. In normal circumstances, the ability of mammary stem cells to differentiate and undergo self-renewal is governed by related signaling pathways. After this mechanism is destroyed, breast stem cells undergo abnormal differentiation, forming breast cancer stem cells that unlimitedly proliferate to develop into breast cancer. As research on BCSC increasingly deepens, regulation of BCSC by notch signaling and its crosstalk with several signaling pathways have drawn a great deal of attention in this field. This paper reports the signaling pathways of breast cancer stem cells and latest studies on this field to better understand the essential role of notch signaling pathway in the occurrence and development of breast cancer and corresponding clinical targeted therapy.

Objective To study the expressions and correlation of nuclear factor kappa B ( NF-B) p65 and trefoil factor family-3(TFF3) in gastric cancer,in order to evaluate the roles of NF-Bp65 and TFF3 in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer,and their correlation with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection.Methods The expressions of NF-Bp65 and TFF3 were detected by immunohistochemistey in 30 normal gastric mucosa specimens ,32 dysplasia specimens and 70 gastric cancer specimens .At the same time,the infection of Hp was detected .Results In normal gastric mucosa ,dysplasia and gastric cancer ,the expression of NF-Bp65 had a increasing tendency ( compared with the normal gastric mucosa group ,χ2 =18.632,44.291,all P<0.01).The expression of NF-Bp65 in gastric cancer group was higher than that in dysplasia group (χ2 =5.205,P<0.05).The expression of TFF3 in three groups also had a increasing tendency (compared with the normal gastric mucosa group ,χ2 =16.944,22.917,all P <0.01).The expression of TFF3 in gastric cancer group was higher than dysplasia group ,but there was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2 =0.162,P>0.05).In dysplasia group,the expressions of TFF3 and NF-κBp65 in Hp positive patients were significantly higher than those in Hp negative patients (P<0.01 or P<0.05).There was significantly positive correlation between expression of NF-Bp65 and TFF3 in gastric cancer group ( r=0.350,P=0.003).Conclusion High expressions of NF-Bp65 and TFF3 may be involved in an early event of gastric cancer . NF-Bp65 expression is positively correlated with the abnormal expression of TFF 3,both of which may be involved in the development and progression of gastric cancer .

Child ; China ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Pediatrics

Being linked to experimental research and manufacture practice, the preparation methods of polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish oils were reviewed in this article.

Objective To investigate the expressions and significance of PAX-5, OCT-2 and BOB.1 in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expressions of CD30, CD15, PAX-5, OCT-2, BOB.1, CD20 and CD3 in 44 samples of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of HL. The histological classification was carried out according to the WHO classification for tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (2001). Results In all 44 cases, 3 (6.8) were nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) and 41 (93.2) were classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). In Hodgkin and Reed Sternberg cells, CD30 were expressed in 36 samples (81.8), CD15 in 27 (61.4), CD20 in 14 (31.8), PAX-5 in 43 (97.7), OCT-2 in 14 (31.8), and BOB.1 in 7 (15.9). All samples of NLPHL expressed OCT-2 and BOB.1, while in the samples of CHL, 30 samples (73.2) expressed both OCT-2 and BOB.1, 7 (17.1) expressed only OCT-2, 1 (2.4) expressed only BOB.1 and all were negative for CD30. Conclusion Hodgkin lymphoma is a rare neoplasm with uncertain cause and difficult to diagnose. The detection of PAX-5, OCT-2 , BOB.1 in combination with CD30, CD15 will conduce to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma.

OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for the establishment of system about remaining drugs reclaimed by designated drugstores.METHODS: The distribution characteristics and professional service of drugstores in China were analyzed as well as the drugs reclaiming in recent years.The system about designated drugstores reclaiming drugs was designed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Designated drugstores network should be established according to the principle of convenience and professional standards.The surplus drugs of households should be reclaimed by designated drugstores for free and disposed by special agency.The cost-sharing system should be established and education of drugs reclaiming should be carried out to promote continuous implementation of drugs reclaiming system.

Objective To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics, immunophenotypes and immu-noglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Methods The clinical data of 35 patients with gastric MALT lymphoma who had been admitted to Southwest Hospital from January 1984 to June 2003 were retrospectively analyzed. The specimens of the gastric MALT lymphoma were obtained and their pathomorphological classifications were studied. The immunophenotypes and immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement were detected by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. All the data were analyzed by chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results The main manifestations of patients with gastric MALT lymphoma were epigastric discomfort and abdominalgia. The percentage of patients with age≥40 accounted for 74% (26/35). The gastric MALT lyrnphoma has low differentia-tion in 32 patients, and high differentiation in 3 patients. There were 31 patients in Ⅰ E stage, 2 in Ⅱ E1 stage and 2 in Ⅳ stage. Pathological examination showed that gastric MALT lymphoma was composed of centrocyte-like cells and mononuclear-like B cells or lymphoplasma cells. Twenty-nine specimens were with lymphoepithelial lesions (83%), 2 with follicular colonization (6%), and 11 with plasma cells segregated beneath the surface epithelium (33%). All the 35 specimens were B cell immunotype. Restrictive expression of κ and λ light chains of the immunoglobulin was found in 19 cases, and Bcl-2 positive expression was found in 16 cases. High expres-sion of proliferating cell nuclear antigen was found in gastric MALT lymphoma with transformed blasts, which indicated that gastric MALT lymphoma with transformed blasts was more active in proliferation than those of low grade. A monoclonal pattern of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement was detected in 33 patients (94%). Conclusions Digestive symptoms are the main manifestations of patients with gastric MALT lymphoma. The incidence of gastric MALT lymphoma increases with age. The final diagnosis of gastric MALT lymphoma depends on the pathological, immunohistochemical examination and laboratory test.

Objective To survey and understand the endemic situation of schistosomiasis among 80 national surveillance sites in China in 2008, so as to provide the evidence for decision-making of schistosomiasis control. Methods According to the National Surveillance Protocol for Schistosomiasis, the data of schistosomiasis in residents, domestic animals and Oncomelania snails and other relevant factors were collected and analyzed in the 80 national surveillance sites. Results Among the 80 national surveillance sites, the average positive rate of residents with sera examination and the average infection rate of the residents were 9.86% and 0.67% , respectively, and the infection rate of domestic animals was 1.62% , all remarkably decreased compared with the rates of 2007, but the proportion of domestic animals stable breeding was only 6.07% . The areas of infected snail habitats and the new snail habitats were 177.70 hm~2 and 7.64 hm~2, respectively. The mean density of living snails and infection rate of snails were 0.32/0.1 m~2 and 0. 15% , respectively. Conclusions The endemic situation of residents, domestic animals and snails decreased in 2008 compared with those in 2007, and domestic animals are still the main infection sources of schistosomiasis, the management of domestic animals need to be further strengthened, meanwhile the surveillance and control of snails should be focused on.

Objective To investigate the effect of costimulatory molecules 4-1BB/4-1BBL on T cell activation with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)patients.Methods The expression of NF-kB mRNA and p38 MAPK mRNA of T cells with 20 SLE patients and 20 normal controls before activation,after activation and blocked bv 4-1BB/4-1BBL were detected bv RT-PCR.The protein levels of p-p38 MAPK and NF-kB were detected by Western blot.Results The expression of NF-kB mRNA and p38 MAPK mRNA and the protein expression of NF-kB and p-p38 MAPK of T cell with SLE patients were higher than that of normal controls(P＜0.01).There were more expression of NF-kB mRNA,p38 MAPK mRNA,NF-kB protein and p-p38 MAPK protein of T cell with SLE patients stimulated by anti-CD3 monoantibody(P＜0.01).In anti-4-1BB monoantibody blockage group,there were decreased expression of p38 MAPK mRNA and p-p38 MAPK protein(P＜0.01).but not the decreased NF-kB mRNA and protein expression.Conclusion Costimulatory molecule 4-1BB plays a critical role in T cell activation of SLE by p38 MAPK signal pathway.

Objective To investigate the diversify and clinical significance of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), immune globulin (Ig), adenosine deaminase (ADA) in cercbrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with intracranial infection. Method The levels of TNF-α,Ig and ADA in CSF of 25 cases of purulent meningitis ,30 eases of cerebral tuberculosis ,28 cases of virus meningitis and 24 cases of controls were detected by ELISA, immunity velocity scattering nepbelometry and enzyme coupling method respectively. Results The levels of IgA, IgM, IgG, ADA, TNF-α were (41.72±11.31) mg/L(18.11± 2.62)mg/L, (181.60±41.19)mg/L, (13.41±3.42)U/L, (418.62±43.16)ng/L in cerebral tuberculosis patients. The levels of IgA, IgM, IgG, ADA and TNF-αwere (20.65±8.85)mg/L, (93.20±4.30)mg/L, (92.77±35.09)mg/L, (3.32±2.41) U/L, (476.93±45.16) ng/L in purulent meningitis patients, and those were (7.11±2.23)rag/L,(5.81±1.19)mg/L,(20.71±10. 54)mg/L,(2. 36±0. 44)U/L,(375.06±45.21) ng/L in virus meningitis patients. The levels of IgM,IgG and IgA in cerebral tuberculosis patients and purulent meningitis patients were significantly higher than those in virus meningitis patients and controls (P< 0.01). The levels of IgG,IgA heightened most markedly in cerebral tuberculosis patients. The activity of ADA in cerebra] tuberculosis patients was higher markedly than that in controls and the other patients(P< 0.01). The levels of TNF-α in purulent meningitis patients were higher than those in controls and virus meningitis patients(P< 0.05). The levels of TNF-α in purulent meningitis patients were the highest, and the next was in cerebral tuberculosis patients. But there was no significant difference of each index between viral meningitis patients and controls. Conclusions Detecting the activity of ADA in CSF is the most valuable in diagnosing cerebral tuberculosis. Synchronized detection of TNF-α,Ig, ADA may be have better clinical application in diagnosing intracranial infection.