OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the preoperative utilization of antibacterial in orthopaedic patients in our hospital. METHODS: The preoperative use of antibacterial in 300 orthopaedic patients in our hospital in 2008 was reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 300 patients in our study, 100% of them were recieved preoperative antibacterial. Two of the most widely used antibacterials were clindamycin and cefuroxime sodium. The use of antibacterial in 228 patients were overtime after operation (76.00%), of which the use of antibacterial in 161 patients in type Ⅰ incision exceed 24 hour(70.61%), 56 patients in type Ⅱ incision exceed 2 days(24.56%) and 11 patients in type Ⅲ incision exceed 7 days (4.82%). CONCLUSION: The usage of preoperative antibacterial was inappropriate and the duration of administration is too long, which should be standardized.

Objective Summarize anterior open tension-free inguinal hemiorrhaphy, especially application experience and understanding in the 952 cases of day surgery, and clarify the advantages. Method During December 2004 - June 2007, we treated 952 Patients of inguinal hernia and femoral hernia,using local anesthesia, tension-free, in the form of day surgery. And the resulte were compare to traditional hemiorrhaphy, tension-free hemiorrhaphy of hospital in all aspects. Results Patients in this group were all cured.Intraoperative and postoperative pain was mild.All patients should be used only a small amount of postoperative oral analgesics, and no urinary retention. They got out of bed immediately after surgery, and they recorered fast ,with less complications. They could be discharged home in surgical day (2 h later). Af ter 18 months follow-up, only 2 cases recurrence. Conclusions (1) Compared with the traditional hemiorrhaphy and ambulatory tension-free hemiorrhaphy, tension-free during the day has lots of advantages, such as easier method, wider surgical indications, faster postoperative recovery, shorter hospital stay, less complications and lower recurrence rate;(2)Tension-free hernion'haphy day surgery is safe，feasible，and has obvi-ous advantages.

BACKGROUND:Exercises play an important role in the recovery of neurological function after stroke. Few studies concerned the amount of exercise in rats after stroke. Hippocampus is strongly associated with cognitive function, but no reports addressed the expression of repulsive guidance molecule A in the rat hippocampus after ischemia and reperfusion. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of exercise on repulsive guidance molecule A expression in the hippocampus on the ischemic side in rats after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS:120 Sprague-Dawley rats were equal y and randomly divided into normal group, sham-operation group, and 7-, 14-, 28-day model groups. The model of right cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced by ligation with nylon monofilament in rats of 7-, 14-, 28-day model groups. Low exercise group received treadmil training of 5 m/min, 5 minutes;7 m/min, 5 minutes;9 m/min, 20 minutes. Moderate exercise group received treadmil training of 8 m/min, 5 minutes;10 m/min, 5 minutes;13 m/min, 20 minutes. High exercise group received treadmil training of 8 m/min, 5 minutes;11 m/min, 5 minutes;20 m/min, 20 minutes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Repulsive guidance molecule A mRNA and protein expression was highest in the ischemic side of the hippocampus in the 7-day model group without excercise. Moreover, repulsive guidance molecule A relative expression gradual y reduced over time. Compared with non-exercise, repulsive guidance molecule A mRNA and protein expression significantly decreased in the 14-and 28-day model groups during moderate exercise (P<0.05), but repulsive guidance molecule A mRNA and protein expression increased during high exercise. Above data confirmed that moderate exercises could decrease repulsive guidance molecule A expression in the affected side of the hippocampus of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective To identify the diffusion alterations of deep gray matter(GM) and white matter (WM) among Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy people by atlas?based analysis (ABA), and to investigate the respective relationship with cognitive function. Methods Twenty?one AD patients (AD group), 8 MCI patients (MCI group) and 15 normal controls (control group) were performed by conventional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The raw data of DTI was processed by using DTI studio software to generate the fractional anisotropy (FA) images. Then ABA was used to quantify the FA value in 58 deep GM and WM structures. The differences of FA value among three groups were compared by using one way ANOVA, with a post?hoc analysis. In AD and MCI groups, the partial correlation was further investigated between mini?mental state examination (MMSE) score and FA value in the brain regions that have significant differences between AD and MCI group or between MCI and control group. Results Compared with control group, AD patients showed wide?spread FA decrease in most deep GM and WM regions (corrected P<0.05). The FA values of the hypothalamus, the fornix, the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and the cingulum in AD group were significantly lower than those in MCI group (corrected P<0.05). The FA value of the right splenium of corpus callosum (SCC) in MCI group was significantly lower than that in control group (MCI:0.550±0.018 vs. Control:0.585±0.026, P<0.05). In AD and MCI group, the FA values of the left hypothalamus, the right hypothalamus, the left cingulum, the right cingulum, and the left SLF were positively correlated with MMSE scores(r=0.502, 0.515, 0.535, 0.527, 0.512; P<0.05). No significant correlation was found between the FA value of the right SCC, the right SLF, the right fornix/stria terminalis, the right fornix and MMSE scores(P>0.05). Conclusion Based on ABA, this study found the diffusion changes not only in the WM but also the deep GM in AD patients, but only WM diffusion disruptions in MCI group. The decreased FA value in the right SCC appeared early, but had no correlation with the cognitive impairment. The FA value in the hypothalamus, the fornix, the SLF and the cingulum decreased with the disease progression, and correlated positively with the cognition decline.

ABSTRACT:Objective To investigate the interaction of polymorphisms of TNF-αgene promoter-308G/A and PPAR-γ2 gene-C34G with acute pancreatitis (AP)and its severity degree.Methods Totally 150 mild acute pancreatitis(MAP),150 moderately severe acute pancreatitis(MSAP)and 150 severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)cases were selected for this study,and 450 healthy persons as control group.The genetic polymorphisms of TNF-αgene promoter-308G/A and PPAR-γ2 gene-C34G were analyzed by the technique of PCR in peripheral blood leukocytes of above-mentioned cases and the results were verified by direct DNA sequencing method.Results The frequencies of -308G/A(GA),-308G/A(AA),-C34G(CG)and-C34G(GG)were 24.00%,26.67%,24.00% and 26.00% in MAP group,34.67%,36.67%,34.00% and 36.67% in MSAP group,42.00%,46.00%,43.33% and 46.00% in SAP group,and 14.44%,14.22%,12.89% and 14.67% in control group,respectively.Statistical tests showed significant difference in the frequencies among each group (all P<0 .0 1 ).The risk of AP significantly increased in subjects with-308G/A(GA),genotype (ORMAP=2.677 6,ORMSAP=6.625 0,ORSAP=21.514 7),in those with-308G/A(AA)genotype (ORMAP=2.570 0,ORMSAP=6.401 8,ORSAP=18.903 4),in those with-C34G(CG) genotype (ORMAP=2.668 4,ORMSAP=6.776 9,ORSAP=22.207 2),and in those with-C34G(GG)genotype (ORMAP=2.633 8,ORMSAP=6.472 5,ORSAP=21.570 2).Combined analysis of the polymorphisms showed that percentage of-308G/A(AA)/-C34G(GG)in MAP,MSAP,SAP and control groups was 7.33%,13.33%,20.67% and 2.00%,respectively,and statistical tests showed significant difference in the frequency among each group (all P<0.01).The people who carried-308G/A(AA)/-C34G(GG)had a high risk of AP (ORMAP=7.284 2,ORMSAP=41.296 1,ORSAP=363.973 6),and statistical analysis suggested a positive interaction between-308G/A(AA)and-C34G(GG)in increasing the risk of AP (γ2MAP=2.114 2,γ4MAP=2.080 0,γ2MSAP=2.108 7,γ4MSAP=2.050 6,γ2SAP=2.138 8,γ4SAP=2.000 1).Likewise,there were also positive interactions in the pathogenesis of AP between-308G/A(GA)and-C34G(GG),-308G/A(GA)and-C34G(CG),-308G/A(AA)and-C34G(CG)(All γ>1). Conclusion These carriers of-308G/A(GA),-308G/A(AA),-C34G(CG)and-C34G(GG)genotypes may have a high risk of developing AP,and significant interactions between genetic polymorphisms of-308G/A and-C34G add the risk of the occurrence and development of AP.

Objective To establish a reliable approach for quantification of colony forming unit(CFU)of Mycobac-terium tuberculosis (M.tb)by measuring optical density(OD).Methods M.tb suspension H37Ra was prepared using low-power ultrasonic or glass bead beating methods,and was two-fold serially diluted,OD at 600nm (OD600)of each dilution ratio was measured respectively,OD600 and dilution curve were analyzed to determine the optimum approach for preparing bacterial suspension,linear range of OD600,as well as linear relationship between OD600 and CFU.Results OD600 was 0.1 -0.6,linear regression analysis of OD600 and dilution ratio within linear range revealed that correlation coefficient (R2 )of glass bead beating and low-power ultrasonic methods were 0.98 and 1 .00 respectively,both presented a good correlation,low-power ultrasonic method was better than glass bead beat-ing method,bacterial suspension dispersed more evenly.Linear regression analysis results of OD600 and CFU val-ues showed that the regression equation of glass bead beating method and low-power ultrasonic method were CFU=2.35×107 ×OD600+4.42×105 and CFU=3.26×107 ×OD600+6.89×105 respectively.Conclusion Low-power ultrasonic method is a good method for preparation of M.tb suspension,combined the measurement of OD600 value, it can be a reliable and rapid method for quantitative analysis of M.tb.

Objective To investigate the relationship of the interaction between age and polymorphisms of E-selectin gene A561C, chemokine receptor CCR2 gene A190G with the susceptibility, invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.Methods Based on tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging classification, 750 patients with confirmed gastric carcinoma in our hospital from December 2011 to November 2014 were divided into 5 groups: stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ , stage Ⅲ, stage Ⅳ and stage 0 (n=150, each).No significant difference was observed in gender, ethnicity, birthplace and living habits among the 5 groups.Meanwhile, 750 healthy controls were selected in this study during the same time, and there was no significant difference in gender, ethnicity and birthplace between the healthy controls and patients with gastric carcinoma.The genetic polymorphisms of E-selectin gene A561C and chemokine receptor CCR2 gene A190G were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMs).Results The frequencies of CC (A561C) and GG (A190G) genotypes were 56.5％ and 56.8％ respectively in gastric carcinoma cases and 22.8％ and 23.1％ respectively in healthy controls, with statistically significant differences in the distribution frequencies between the two groups (P＜0.01 for all).The risk for gastric carcinoma significantly increased in subjects with CC (A561C) genotype (OR=4.4038, 95％CI=2.9421-7.2397) and in GG (190A/G) genotype (OR=4.3852, 95％ CI =2.8207-7.4942).Combined analysis of the polymorphisms showed that the distribution frequency of CC (A561C) genotype / GG (190A/G) genotype in gastric carcinoma cases and healthy controls was 46.4％ and 11.9％ respectively (P＜0.01).The positive interactions of age with CC (A561C) genotype and GG (190A/G) genotype for the risk of invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma were found (γ＞1 for both).The distribution frequencies of CC (A561C) genotype and GG (190A/G) genotype were 50.0％ and 50.0％ in stage Ⅰ , 63.4％ and 64.0％ in stage Ⅱ ,69.3％ and 69.3％ in stage Ⅲ, 76.7％ and 77.3％ in stage Ⅳ, and 23.3％ and 23.3％ in stage 0 respectively.Statistically significant differences were found in the distribution frequencies between stage 0 and the other 4 stages (P＜0.01 for all).The risks for the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma were significantly increased in subjects with CC (A561C) genotype (ORⅠ-Ⅳ =3.2857-10.7959) and in those with GG (190A/G) genotype (ORⅠ-Ⅳ =3.2857-11.2101).Combined analysis of the polymorphisms showed that distribution frequency of CC (A561C) genotype / GG (190A/G) genotype had significant differences between the stage Ⅰ ～Ⅳ and stage 0 (39.3％, 53.3％, 59.3％,68.0％ vs.12.0％, P＜0.01).The proportion of elderly subjects were higher in Grade Ⅰ ～Ⅳ than in Grade 0 (51.3％, 62.7％, 70.0％, 75.3％ vs.26.7％, P＜0.01 for all).The risk for invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma was significantly increased in elderly patients (ORⅠ-Ⅳ =2.9001 ～8.3986).The positive interactions of age with CC (A561C) genotype and GG (190A/G) genotype for the risk of invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma were found (γ＞ 1 for All).Conclusions Age and E-selectin gene A561C (CC) and chemokine receptor CCR2 gene A190G (GG) are the risk factors for the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma, and the interactions between age and genetic polymorphisms increase the risk of invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.

Aim To observe the effects of liver cirrho-sis on the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 ( TGF-β1 ) and ColⅠin rat myocardium and interven-tion of erythropoietin ( EPO ) . Methods Thirty-six male Sprague-Dasley rats were randomly divided into three groups:control group, liver cirrhosis group and EPO group, then the cardic hemodynamic parameters in vivo and levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) as well as creatine kinase isoenzyme ( CK-MB) were measured. With Masson′s trichrome stain, changes of collagen formation of myocardial tissue in different groups were observed. Also the mRNA ex-pressions of TGF-β1 and ColⅠin myocardium were de-tected by RT-PCR. Results In contrast to control group, rats in liver cirrhosis group showed a decline in systolic and diastolic function of left ventricule, rising myocardial enzyme, a distinct increase of cardiac colla-gen deposition, as well as an elevation of TGF-β1 and ColⅠmRNA expressions. In contrast to liver cirrhosis group, rats in EPO group demonstrated an improve-ment in systolic and diastolic function of left ventricule as well as in cardiac collagen deposition, and a de-crease in both myocardial enzyme and TGF-β1 and ColⅠmRNA expressions. Conclusion Liver cirrhosis can lead to the changes of myocardial structure and function in rats,and it can accelerate myocardial inter-stitial fibrosis; EPO can protect the myocardial injury in liver cirrhosis rats.

The core-shell nanopaticles of Au@polyvinyl-pyrrolidone ( PVP) with uniform size and controllabe shell-thickness were prepared by hydrothermal method. The core-shell nanoparticles could be assembled to be the monolayer array on Si substrate relying on the dispersion of core-shell nanoparticles arising from PVP shell. The malachite green ( MG ) absorbed by H-bond could be detected on the array under the electromagnetic enhancement of inner-core Au nanoparticles. Under the conditions of the optimum shell-thickness of Au@PVP and the appropriate absorbed time of MG, the detection of MG could be realized in the linear range from 1 × 10-10 mol/L to 1 × 10-5 mol/L with the correlation coefficient ( R2 ) of 0. 98. The detection limit was 10-12 mol/L. This method was applied to the determination of MG in tilapia fish fillets of Xiagang market. No MG was found in this real sample. The spiked recoveries of the sample ranged from 70. 8% to 126. 0%. This method is simple and accurate, and can be used for detection of MG in the fish.

Objective To detect the effect of olfactory bulb(OB)lesion on proliferation,migration and differentiation of the neural stem cells(NSCs)in the subventricular zone(SVZ).Methods Forty-two healthy female SD rats were enrolled and randomly divided into normal control group,isotonic saline group and OB lesion at day 3,at weeks 1,2,3 and 4 groups,six rats per group.OB lesion was induced by N-methyl-D-aspartic acid(NMDA)injection.Bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU)was injected intraperitoneally to label NSCs.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the proliferation of SVZ NSCs.In addition,another 18 rats were randomly divided into normal control group,isotonic saline group and lesion group,six rats per group.BrdU was injected intraperitoneally one week after OB lesion and then the animals were sacrificed four weeks after BrdU injection to detect the migration and differentiation of NSCs with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.Results Three days after OB lesion,BrdU-positive cells in SVZ began to increase(26.33 ± 2.58,P ＜0.01),reached the maximum at week 1 (35.33 +3.01,P＜0.01)and still sustained a high level at week 4(19.50+ 2.26,P＞0.05).Five weeks after the OB lesion,the rostral migratory-stream(RMS)and the BrdU-positive cells in OB were significantly increased(86.50 + 5.09,P ＜ 0.01)and(52.83 + 3.87,P ＜ 0.01),respectively.By using fluorescence double staining,most of the BrdU-positive cells were co-localized with the neuronal nuclear antigen(Neun),with a portion of BrdU-positive cells expressing the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).Conclusions OB lesion can improve the proliferation of NSCs in SVZ and migration of NSCs to OB.The newborn cells can differentiate into not only neurons,but also gliocytes and may be involved in lesion repair.