The role of lipid-regulating capsule in the regulation of experimental dislipidemia was studied in SD rats. The SD rats were divided into 6 groups: group A (normal control)，group B to F (experimental hyperlipidemia). The rats in the groups C，D and E received the capsule in a daily dose of 2.5 g，5 g and 10 g/kg respectively for 3 weeks，while the rats in the group F received Simvastatin in a daily dose of 7.5 mg/kg for 3 weeks. By comparison with the group B after 3 weeks，the levels of plasma total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) were very significantly decreased in the groups C，D，E and F(P<0.01)，the value of plasma total triglyceride (TG) was very significantly decreased in the groups D，E and F (<0.01)，and the level of high density lipoprotein was significantly increased in the groups C，D and E (P<0.05)，but very significantly increased in the group F (P<0.01). It was suggested that the therapeutic efficiency of the lipid-regulating capsule in low，middle and high dosage was the same as that in high dose of simvastatin for the SD rats with high plasma TC and LDL-C，and middle and high doses of the capsule had the same effect of simvastatin on the plasma TG.

Objective To observe the influencing factors of polysomnography (PSG) monitoring and to evaluate the efficacy of preventive measures.Methods We selected 205 patients with sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) who accepted PSG from May 2011 to April 2012 in our hospital as the intervention group.They were administered preventive measures,including psychological counseling,intensive grease dispelling of patient skin,arrangement of sensor and electrode.One hundred and fifty-two SAS patients who were administered PSG from May 2010 to April 2011 were selected as the control group.The monitoring successful rates between groups were compared and influencing factors were investigated.Results The monitoring successful rates of control group and the intervention group were 92.1％ and 97.1％ respectively; there was a statistically significant difference between the successful rates of the two groups (x2 =4.499,P ＜ 0.05).The main causes for unsuccessful monitoring were difficulty falling asleep,electrode distortion and high impedance of electrode.Conclusion PSG monitoring has a complex operating procedure and is time-consuming and effective preventive measures can improve the successful rate of PSG.

Objective To discuss the diagnosis of refractory epilepsy (RE) in children, and to study the association of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of muhidrug-resistance gene (MDR1) C3435T with pharmaco- resistant epilepsy. Methods Four hundred children with epilepsy were retrospectively or prospectively identified from multiple sources in our hospital in Shanghai and were followed-up for the occurrence of refractory epilepsy. The clinical features of RE regarding age at onset, gender, seizure type, electroencephalogram, neuroimaging, development of central nervous system, etiology and prognosis etcetera were investigated. DNA samples were obtained from 132 patients with epilepsy (70 RE and 62 responsive epilepsy) and 62 health children by DNA extraction kit. Genotype of the C3435T polymorphism was determined by DNA sequence analysis after traditional polymerase chain reaction. The frequency of genotypes and alleles among the three groups was compared by Chi-square test. Results Eighty-three (20.8%) out of total 400 patients were RE. Among them 65 (78.3%) patients failed at least 2 drugs in six months. Forty-two (50.6%) were administered at least 3 drugs on the last follow-up. Medical treatment showed remarkable effective in 6 (7.2%) RE patients, effective in 40 RE patients (48.2%). No effectiveness was seen in another 37 (44.6%) RE patients, however 25 out of 37 presented symptomatic alleviation. Significant difference in genotype (CC, CT, Tr) frequency was neither found between RE and responsive epilepsy patients nor between RE patients and healthy controls. No association between the C3435T polymorphism in the human MDR1 gene and refractory epilepsy was found by logistic analysis. Conclusions Refractory epilepsy could be diagnosed in 6 months after being treated with anti-epilepsy drugs (AEDs) in children with average attack once per month at least and failed more than 2 AEDs. Multiple AEDs were necessary for treatment. No association between the C3435T polymorphism in the human MDR1 gene and refractory epilepsy was found by logistic analysis in this study.

Objective To investigate the protective and treatment effect of Qingfei Jiedu formula on mice infected with influenza virus. Methods The mice were randomly divided into six groups: normal group, model group, positive drug-treated group, Qingfei Jie uformula-treate groups (3 iferentconcentrations). Intranasal infection with influenza virus was use to establish the model. Treatment was provided once a day for 6 days and the first was at 2 hours after intranasal infection. To observe the protective effect of Qingfei Jiedu formula the mice were raised and observe for14 days. The mortality average of survival time protection rate of death and rate of prolonging life were determine. To observe the treatment effect of Qingfei Jiedu formula in against influenza virus infection at the third day and sixth day after virus infection, the lung index, lung virus titer and lung tissue viral load were taken for evaluation. Results Compared with the model group, in 2. 5 and 1. 25 g/kg Qingfei Jiedu formula treated groups, the mortality significantly reduced the protection rate of death and the rate of prolonging life increased significantly, and the average survival time prolonged significantly (P <0.01). In addition the lung index lung virus titer and lung tissue viral load decreased significantly both at the third day and sixth day after the model was set up (P < 0. 01). Conclusion Qingfei Jiedu formula has a convincing anti - influenza virus activity.

Objective: To clarify the contribution of inhibitory effect of the chemical composition of fingerprint characteristic peaks from different parts of Lepdium meyenii (Maca) on PDE5, and to elucidate the material basis. Methods: The HPLC fingerprints of different parts from L. meyenii were established. The isotope labelling method was adopted to test the inhibitory rate of different extracted parts on PDE5.The gray relative analysis and partial least-squares method were used to make correspond analysis of the spectrum-effect relationship. Results: The fingerprints of different extracts were established and five peaks of the total 21 characteristic common peaks were identified by HPLC spectrum of standards and LCMS-IT-TOF. The strong relevance elements including macamide alkaloids represented by peaks 22-24 were verified as the potential PDE5 inhibitors. Conclusion: A sensitive and convenient screening system for the PDE5 inhibitors via liquid scintillation counting is established. Macamides as liposoluble alkaloids could be material basis components to inhibit the activity of PDE5.This paper provides certain theory basis for resource utilization and the quality control of L. meyenii.

ObjectiveAnalyze the results of distal aortic reoperation in Marfan syndrome patients after proximal aortic surgery.MethodsBetween January 2000 and January 2010, 28 Marfan patients underwent surgical repair of distal aortic disease after aortic root surgery at our institution.There were 20 males and 8 females.Age ranged from 23 to 52 years [ mean (38.5 ± 8.7) years ].First time operations were Bentall procedure in 24, David procedure in 4.There were 8 cases of Stanford A dissection and 20 cases of aortic root aneurysm.The second time operations included 1 partial aortic arch replacement, 2 total arch replacements, 7 total arch replacements combined with stent elephant trunk, 6 descending thoracic aorta replacements,10 thoracoabdominal aorta replacements and 2 total aorta replacements.The interval between the lst and 2nd operation was 1 to 12 years [mean (6.43 ±3.07) years].The surgical technique used for distal procedures was dependent on the pathology of the aorta.Median repeat sternotomy was used for surgical exposure in 10 patients, who required an arch/proximal descending aortic procedure.Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was established through the right axillary perfusion and right femoral venous drainage in all of these patients.16 patients were operated on through a left-sided incision, namely, a posterolateral thoracotomy, or a thoracoabdominal incision, depending on the distal extent of aortic replacement.For such patients, the left femoral vessels were cannulated for CPB in 14 patients and the rest 2 patients were operated on without CPB.Two patients with total aorta replacement were operated on through a median sternotomy combined with thoracoabdominal incision.22 patients underwent deep hypothermic circulatory arrest because of the replacement of anrtic arch or the extensive aneurismal arch.Reconstruction of intercostal arteries (T8-L1) was performed in 16 patients for the protection of spinal cord.ResultsTwo patients (7.1％) died postoperatively.Neurological morbidity included 1 patient with stroke, 1 paraplegia and 2 temporary paraparesisThree patients required temporary tracheotomy for prolonged weaning form the respirator.All patients were followed up for 10-118 months [mean (40.8 ±29.5) months].Two patients died during follow-up.The survival rate was (94.5 ± 1.3)％,(90.6 ± 1.4) ％ at 1-and 5-year, respectively.ConclusionDistal aortic reoperation in Marfan patients can be performed with good short-and long-term results.Complete aortic arch replacement with elephant trunk technique, if safely performed,should be considered for Marfan patients presenting with type A dissection.

Objective To construct a recombinant lentivirus containing human beta defensins -3 ( hBD3 ) , connective tissue growth factor gene (CTGF) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), and to detect its translation in rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC).Methods The lentivirus containing hBD3, CTGF and EGFP genes was constructed in vitro.The titer of lentivirus was tested with end-paint dilution assay .Rabbit BMSCs were transfected with recombinant virus.The best value of multiplicity of infection (MOI) was tested.The expression condition, transfection efficacy and genetic stability of the target genes were evaluated by using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry . Western blotting was used to detect the expression of the target protein .Results Recombinant lentivirus vectors: Lenti-CTGF-hBD3-EGFP, Lenti-hBD3-EGFP, and Lenti-EGFP, were successfully obtained . The titer of the recombinant lentiviruses was 3.21 ×108, 5.80 ×108, and 1.16 ×109, respectively.The best MOI value to transfect BMSCs was 150. The transfection efficacy of these lentivirus vectors was high , reaching 79.72%as assessed by flow cytometry , and it could be stably inherited .Western blotting displayed that target protein expression was successful .Conclusion The construction of recombinant lentiviruses carrying hBD3 and CTGF genes is successful and can be effectively transfected into BMSCs .

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of pravastation intervention on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-indueed ossifie calcification in human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (hUASMCs). MethodshUASMCs were cultured by tissue explant in vitro, hUASMC were treated with TNF-α 50 μg/L and pravastatin of three different concentrations. The calcium deposition was determined by O-cresolphthalein eomplexone method. The mRNA expression of BAP and OPN was determined by real time-PCR. The protein expression of BAP, OPN and BMP-2 was determined by Western blotting. ResultsPravastatin inhibited the proliferation of hUASMC (r=-0.946, P＜0.01) and decreased the cell calcium deposition (r=-0.973, P＜0.01) in a dosedependent manner. Pravastatin down-regulated the expression of BAP, OPN and BMP-2 induced by TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner (mRNA, r=-0.972, P＜0.01;BAP protein, r=-0.820, P＜0.01;OPN protein, r=-0.972, P＜0.01;BMP-2 protein, r=-0.928, P＜0.01). ConclusionPravastatin can inhibit the proliferation of hUASMC, decrease the cell calcium deposition and inhibit the ossifie calcification of hUASMC induced by TNF-α.

Objective To study the effect of uremic serum on the calcification and osteogenic transition of cultured human umhilical artery smooth muscle cells(HUASMC).Methods Sera from 40 healthy controls(control group),40 nondialysis uremic patients(nondialysis group)and 45 uremic patients on dialysis(dialysis group)were detected fi)r biochemical indexes concerned and used to treat the cultured HUASMC.Alizarin red S stain was applied to examined calcium deposition in the cell layer.Calcium concentration was determined calorimetrically by the Ocresolphtha]ein complexone method,and corrected by total cell proteins.The mRNA expression of bone specific alkaline phosphatase(BAP),osteopontin(OPN)and bone morphogenelic protein 2(BMP2)was estimated by realtime PCR.OPN and BMP2 protein expression was assessed by Western blotting and fluorometry method was used to check the BAP concentration. Results Serum biochemical detection revealed thai both uremic groups had higher levels of phosphate,triglyseride,iPTH,C-reactive protein(CRP)and IL-6,and lower level of fetuin-A than healthy control(P＜0.05).Furthermore,dialysis serum had higher levels of triglyseride,CRP and IL-6 than nondialysis serum(P＜0.05).Compared with control group,both uremic scra induced more cell layer calcium deposition and higher mRNA and protein expression levels of BMP2,BAP and OPN(P＜0.05).Higher mRNA and protein expression levels of above factors were found in dialysis group as compared to nondialysis group(P＜0.05). Conclusions Uremic serum can induce HUASMC calcification and osteogenic transition in vitro,which may be one of the mechanisms involved in vascular calcification of ESRD patients.Microinflammatory state may promote the osteogenic transition and vascular calcification in dialysis patients.

Objective To investigate the relationship between polymorphisms of N-acetyltransferase 2(NAT2)genes and anti-tuberculosis drug induced hepatic-injury(ADIH).Methods A 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted.One hundred and six cases fulfilling the criteria of ADIH were selected as ADIH group from the patients who received anti-tuberculosis therapy.whereas those patients without any hepatic inj ury related elinical symptoms during three months of follow-up period were selected as control.The genetic polymorphisms of the loci,NAT2481C/T,NAT2-590G/A and NAT2-857G/A,were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism technique(PCR-RFLP)in patients who received antituberculosis therapy.The major environmental factors and genotypes were analyzed by univariate and multivariate conditional Logistic analyses.Results The T,AA allele frequencies of NAT2-481C/T,NAT2-590G/A and NAT2-857G/A were 7.5%,28.8%and 17.9%respectively in ADIH group,and 6.6%,18.9%and 17.5%,respectively in the control group.Univariate analysis demonstrated that the frequency of NAT2 slow acetylation genotype in ADIH group was significantly higher than that in control group with a crude OR(95%CI)of 2.250(1.140-4.441).Among 6 potential risk factors,i.e.education level,occupation,body mass index(BMI),smoking,drinking and the type of tuberculosis,the low BMI and drinking were two risk factors for ADIH.In multivariate analysis,ADIH remained associated with acetylation genotype after adjusting for BMI and drinking status.The adjusted OR(95%CI)was 2.246(1.086-4.644).Conclusion NAT2 slow acetylation genotype may be associated with the occurrence of ADIH.