Class Ⅱa bacteriocins can be considered as the major subgroup of bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria, not only because of their large number, but also because of their activities and potential applications. They have first attracted particular attention as listericidal compounds and are now believed to be the next in line if more bacteriocins are to be approved in the future. The present review attempts to provide an insight into general knowledge available for class Ⅱa bacteriocins and discuss common features and recent findings concerning these substances.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) modified bovine serum albumin (AGE-BSA) on the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in human renal mesangial cells (HRMCs).

METHODSHRMCs were cultured in vitro with medium containing different doses of AGE-BSA or BSA (50,100, 200, 400 mg/L) for 48 hours, or with AGE-BSA (200 mg/L) for different times (12, 24, 48, 72 h). Immunocytochemistry assay was used to estimate the protein level of RAGE. The ROS in cells were measured by flow cytometry and the mRNA expression of MCP-1 were analyzed by semi-quantiative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) after treatment with AGE-BSA or BSA.

RESULTSThe protein level of RAGE was upregulated in the HRMCs with AGE-BSA. The expression of ROS and MCP-1 significantly enhanced by incubation of AGE-BSA in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The effects of AGE-BSA-induced up-regulation of ROS and MCP-1 level was significantly blocked by neutralizing antibodies to RAGE, while the expression of ROS and MCP-1 stood nearly unchanged after cultured with huamn IgG.

CONCLUSIONThe expression of ROS and MCP-1 in HRMCs is induced by AGE-BSA through RAGE, which may have potential effects in the pathgenic mechanism of diabetic nephropathy.

Cells, Cultured ; Chemokine CCL2 ; metabolism ; Glycation End Products, Advanced ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Mesangial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products ; Receptors, Immunologic ; metabolism ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; pharmacology

Objective To observe the mechanism of action of different extracts ofTangwang Mingmu Granules on high glucose induced VEGF and IL-1α gene and protein expressions in vascular endothelial cells.Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells EA.hy926 were divided into six groups: blank, high glucose,Tangwang Mingmu Granules, extract 1 (glycoside and flavonoid), extract 2 (organic acid and polysaccharides) and extract 3 (alkaloids) groups. High concentration glucose was used to establish the high glucose model in EA.hy926 cells. The expressions of VEGF and IL-1α mRNA were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The contents of VEGF and IL-1α protein were tested by ELISA.Results The gene expression and protein levels of VEGF and IL-1α were significantly up-regulated under the high glucose condition (P<0.05). However, the above indicators were significantly reduced after the treatment ofTangwang Mingmu Granules. The activity of different parts ofTangwang Mingmu Granules was as follows: extract 1> extract 3> extract 2.Conclusion The action intensity of glycosides and flavonoids, alkaloids, organic acids and polysaccharides on VEGF and IL-1α expression inTangwang Mingmu Granules weakens in sequence.

Aim To study the expression of P-selectin,E-selectin and ICAM-1 and the migration of leukocyte at different time points after focal brain ischemia-reperfusion,and explore the role of cell adhesion molecules in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion damage.Methods The model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was established with the occluding suture as described by Longa.Sham operation was performed without inserting the suture.Rats were decapitated under anesthesia at 4,8,12,24,and 48 h after ischemia-reperfusion.Brains were immediately removed and samples were handled for following application.Morphological changes of the brain tissue were observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining.The positive expressions of P-selectin,E-selectin,and ICAM-1 were observed and located using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescent histochemistry technique,respectively.The expressions of P-selectin, E-selectin and ICAM-1 in infracted cortex were measured quantitively with Flow cytometry.The activities of myeloperoxidase in the infracted hemispheres represented the migration of leukocytes were detected through biochemical method.Results The positive cells of P-selectin,E-selectin,and ICAM-1 expressed at the same position of microvessels in the infracted hemisphere were significantly increased after ischemia-reperfusion.Compared with the sham operation group(P-selectin:(4.99?0.08) channel,E-selectin:(4.17?0.13) channel,ICAM-1:(4.17?0.13) channel),the expressions of P-selectin,E-selectin,and ICAM-1 at I/R 4 h((5.46?0.09) channel,(4.60?0.14) channel,(4.56?0.12) channel),I/R 8 h((5.87?0.24) channel,(5.08?0.14) channel,(5.41?0.22) channel),I/R 12 h((6.48?0.18) channel,(5.72?0.18) channel,(5.66?0.16) channel),I/R 24 h((7.16?0.11) channel,(6.09?0.09) channel,(5.61?0.09) channel), and I/R 48 h((5.82?0.28) channel,(5.37?0.25) channel,(5.27?0.16) channel) were increased(P

To determine the genetic diversity of Haloxylon ammodendron collected from 14 sites in 5 provinces, 103 H. ammodendron samples of 12 wild populations and 2 cultivated which collected from 14 sites in 5 provinces were analyzed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) DNA markers. PopGen32 and NTSYSpc2.1 was applied to evaluate genetic diversity of H. ammodendron populations. The average percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) of total H. ammodendron populations was 94.13%, the average Nei's gene diversity index (H(e)) from 14 populations was 0.308 0, and the Shannon's genetic diversity index (I) was 0.467 6. The results indicated that the genetic diversity of H. ammodendron populations was high. Genetic differentiation index (G(st)) was 0.313 8, and the gene flow (N(m)) was 1.093 5 at the population level. The level of gene flow of H. ammodendron showed it possessed the feature of wind-pollinated outcrossing plants. AMOVA analysis indicated that genetic variation of H. ammodendron was much higher within groups (89.34%) than that among groups (10.66%), moreover genetic variation within groups mainly occurred among populations in different producing areas (84.80%). Cluster analysis (UPGMA) was applied to generate dendrogram based on Nei's genetic distances of 14 populations. Samples from Xinjiang and Qinghai were clustered respectively as a clade for their distant genetic relationship, while Samples from Gansu, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia were clustered together for their close genetic relationship. Genetic diversity of H. ammodendron populations is high in China, and genetic differentiation among regions is small, thus abundance within this specie is high at this stage. Therefore, wild nursery and artificial cultivating in different areas are effective measures for the conservation and sustainable utilization of H. ammodendron resources.
Amaranthaceae ; genetics ; Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis ; China ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genetic Variation ; Phylogeny

Objective To explore the clinical curative effect of OCAPC with proper nursing on psoriasis vulgaris. Methods In the treating group, the affected part was smeared with OCAPC twice a day with proper nursing. In the comparing group, the affected part was spread with Tretinoin cream twice a day. Both of the treating courses are 3 months. The curative effect was determined by the standard of PASI. Results After the treating courses, the treating integration of treating group declined more than comparing group with significient diffemces(P <0.05 or P <0.01). The efficient rates of the two groups were 94.12% and 61.78% respectively with significient differences (P < 0.01). The recuremce rates of the groups were 16.67% and 45.45% respectively with significient differences (P < 0.05). Conclusions OCAPC associated with proper nursing is effective on the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of paeoniflorin on blood brain barrier and pathological changes in brain ischemia.

METHODMice were divided into sham operation group, model group, positive control group-Deng zhanhua tablet group and three different dose (high, middle, low-dose) groups of paeoniflorin. The neurological symptoms of rats were observed. The SOD of ischemic brain tissue, MDA BBB and EAA contents were determined. The ultrastructure on the brain cells was inspected by transmission electron microscope.

RESULTPaeoniflorin had the protetive effects on 4VO model of total cerebral ischemia. Paeoniflorin could obviously increase SOD content, reduce MDA content in rat brain-tissue and alleviate oxidative stress damage by cerebral ischemia on rat brain. Paeoniflorin could improve pathological changes of cell nuclear, perikaryon, mitochondria and myelin sheath, which was the morphologic basis of the protective effect on ischemia. Paeoniflorin could alleviate the incrense of EAA content caused by and hypoxia and inhibit the excitatory neural toxicity by EAA.

CONCLUSIONPaeoniflorin has the protection effect on the brain edema after cerebral ischemia, the oxidative stress damage on brain tissue, the ultrastructure lesions of cells and the BBB. The protective mechanism may be related to inhibiting intracellular calcium overload, anti-free radical and reducing EAA content.

Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Benzoates ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; drug effects ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Brain ; blood supply ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Brain Ischemia ; pathology ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Glucosides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Microscopy, Electron ; Monoterpenes ; Neuroprotective Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo further select the items based on the pre-test version of quality of life scale in patients with viral myocarditis.

METHODSTotally 100 patients with viral myocarditis were enrolled in this study. Methodologies including frequency distribution, discrete trend, t-test, Cronbach's α coefficient, correlation coefficient and factor analysis were applied to select items from different perspectives.

RESULTSA total of 17 items were selected by frequency distribution method from the perspective of central tendency, 15 items were selected by discrete trend method from the perspective of sensitivity, 16 items were selected by t-test method from the perspective of sensitivity and discrimination, 16 items were selected by Cronbach's α coefficient method from the perspective of internal consistency, 12 items were selected by correlation coefficient method from the perspective of representation and independence, and 18 items were selected by factor analysis method from the perspective of representation.

CONCLUSIONItem selection of quality of life scale in patients with viral myocarditis was successfully conducted based on the clinical epidemiological data using a variety of statistical methods.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Myocarditis ; virology ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the influence of accompany behavior on psychological health of neurosis patients'families.Methods 93 neurosis patients'families were divided into two groups according to whether they will accompany patients in hospital or not.The patients'families were investigated with SCL-90 when the patients were admitted and after 4 weeks admission,the psychological status were:compared between groups.Results The factor scores for sensitiveness of interpersonal relationship,hostility,phobophobia in both groups showed no difference compared with noFnl,while others were higher.when the patients were admitted At the same time,there Was no significant difference between groups.However,after 4 weeks admission,the factor scores of the subjects were no difference in experiment group compared with those when patients were admitted, whereas those in control group were lower and show significantly different.There were also difference between two groups after 4 weeks admission.Conclusions The psychological health of neurosis patients'family is abnormal,which is also aggravated by accompanying behavior,therefore we should guide the family to care for patients in right way.

Based on the conception and theory of ecological niche, authors analyzed the cause of the allelopathy and soil sickness of medicinal plants and the relationship between them. Methods to resolve problems in the cultivating medicinal plant was found, that is to construct the ecological niche based on allelopathy theory and avoid the soil sickness.
Agriculture ; Ecosystem ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; Soil ; analysis