Artificial antigen Cd-IEDTA-BSA (HSA) was successfully synthesized by the bifunctional chelating agent IEDTA (isothiocyanobenzylethyl enediamine tetraacetic acid) coupling with cadmium and protein carrier. The fluorescence characteristics of antigen were determined by fluorescence spectrophotometry and the coupling ratio 11∶ 1-16∶ 1 was obtained for the coupling reaction. The folding status of serum albumin during the synthesis process of artificial antigen Cd-IEDTA-BSA (HSA) was analyzed using "fluorescence phase diagram", and the result shows that it was conformed to the "all-or-none" pattern. The polarization fluorescence spectra show that the microenvironments of tryptophan residues in carrier protein have some changes to cause changes in protein conformation.

Objective To understand the status and difference of breastfeeding behavior in urban and rural areas of Southwest China.Methods From March to July in 2011,3659 infants aged 6-24 months were selected by stratified cluster randomized sampling method in urban and rural areas of three provinces of Southwest China (Sichuan,Yunnan and Guizhou),including 1801 (49.2％)infants from urban areas and 1858(50.8％) from rural areas.Basic information of these infants,their families and breastfeeding was obtained by a questionnaire for the mothers or baby-carers.Descriptive analysis and survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier method) were used to describe breastfeeding behavior.Chi-square test and Log-Rank test were used to identify the differences of breastfeeding behavior between urban and rural areas.Results Early breastfeeding initiation rate within one hour after birth was 10.7％(355/3315),and the numbers of urban and rural areas were 12.3％(198/1604) and 9.2％ (157/1711),respectively,x2 =8.691,P＜0.05.Totally,20.3％(725/3575) of all infants were initially fed by breast milk after delivery,and 25.1％ (440/1754) in urban areas and 15.7 ％ (285/1821) in rural areas,x2 =49.192,P＜0.05.The exclusive breastfeeding rate and breastfeeding rate within four months after birth were 35.5％ (27.4％ in urban and 43.6％ in rural areas,x2=88.678,P＜0.05)and 76.2％ (68.5％ in urban and 84.3％ in rural areas,x2 =124.702,P＜0.05),respectively.However,the exclusive breastfeeding rate and breastfeeding rate within six months after birth reduced to 11.3％ (7.9％ in urban and 14.4％ in rural areas,x22 =18.001,P＜0.05) and 65.0％ (54.0％ in urban and 76.3％ in rural areas,x2 =199.662,P＜0.05),respectively.The median breastfeeding duration was 8.0 months (7.0 months in urban and 9.0 months in rural areas,x2 =96.780,P＜ 0.05).The most common reason of weaning was insufficient breast milk which accounting for 48.7 ％ of families [56.9％ (1161/2385) in urban and 39.9％(462/1157) in rural areas,x2=68.840,P＜0.05].Conclusions In Southwest China,intervention program should be implemented to improve the breastfeeding status.Breastfeeding behaviors are different between urban and rural areas in Southwest China.The initiation of breastfeeding in urban area is better,but the sustainability of breastfeeding is better in rural area.

The change in plasma ghrelin level after 4-and 12-week adjunctive therapy of rosiglitazones in type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled by sulphonylurea alone was observed and the relation between ghrelin and insulin resistance was analysed.The results showed that rosiglitazones significantly increased circulating ghrelin level and obviously decreased insulin resistance index after therapy for 4 and 12 weeks in type 2 diabetic patients.

Objective To evaluate the value of measuring ankle brachial index (ABI) for diagnosing peripheral arterial disease(PAD)compared with conventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the reference standard.Methotis A total of 383 consecutive inpatients (245 male.mean age 64.1 ±11.7 years) underwent both conventional DSA and ABI measurements.Results The rate of statin intervention was 90.9%,ACEI 69.2%,antiplatelet 96.6% and β-blockers 67.9%.The intravascular stenosis was classified into six degrees:normal,<30%,30%-49%,50%-69%,70%-89% and≥90%.Compared to the traditional gold standard (DSA) in diagnosis PDA.the ABI value decreased in proportion to the sevefity of PAD (the ABI value was 1.08±0.11,1.05±0.16,0.99±0.17,0.66±0.24,0.55±0.28 and 0.54±0.00 respectively in the six ranks).There was a significant correlation between DSA and ABI in diagnosis PAD.Conclusion ABI measurement is an accurate and reliable non-invasive altemative to conventional DSA in the assessment of lower extremity arteries in patients with peripheral arterial disease.

OBJECTIVETo observe effects of combination of different points on glucose metabolism in the patient of cerebral infarction.

METHODSNeiguan (PC 6), Shuigou (GV 26), Fengchi (GB 20), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Yinlingquan (SP 9), Taichong (LR 3) were selected for the Xingnao Kaiqiao group (n =7), and Hegu (LI 4), Quchi (LI 11), Zusanli (ST 36), Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Xuanzhong (GB 39) for the routine acupuncture group (n = 5). PET-CT was used to observe the local cerebral glucose metabolism.

RESULTSThe cerebral regions activated in the the Xingnao Kaiqiao group included infarction center, gyrus temporalis superior, thalamus, gyrus temporalis inferior, gyrus rectus, insula, lateral occipital lobe, parietal lobe and cerebellum, and in the routine acupuncture group included gyrus frontalis inferior, caudate nucleus, cingulated gyrus, hippocampus, precuneus and parietal lobe.

CONCLUSIONPET is very suitable for exploring acupuncture mechanisms in treatment of cerebral infarction, and further shows the specificity of acupoints-brain functional region.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Brain ; metabolism ; Cerebral Infarction ; metabolism ; therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the status of complementary feeding frequency (CFF) for infants and young children in southwestern China.

METHODSA total of 3644 infants and young children aged 6 - 24 months from urban and rural areas of Chengdu, Kunming and Guiyang were selected by stratified random cluster sampling from March to June in 2011. Data of CFF in the recent one month were collected through the questionnaires, and assessed quantitatively by a new comprehensive evaluation system. Level and distribution characteristics of CFF for infants and young children among different month groups in urban and rural areas were analyzed.

RESULTSAverage CFF score was 8.1 ± 3.1, and the score for all was 54.1% of total score (15 points). The average score of urban and rural groups was 8.9 ± 3.0 (59.3% of total score) and 7.4 ± 3.0 (49.1% of total score) respectively (t = 15.60, P < 0.05). Ratio of ≥ 80.0% of total CFF score was 12.2% (443/3644) for all. The rate of urban and rural group was 18.0% (324/1796) and 6.4% (119/1848) respectively (χ(2) = 136.64, P < 0.05). Average CFF score in 6 - 8, 9 - 11 and 12 - 24 months groups was 7.0 ± 2.9 (46.4% of total score), 8.1 ± 3.0 (54.1% of total score) and 9.0 ± 3.0 (60.1% of total score) respectively (F = 148.27, P < 0.05). The CFF score increased with months growing.

CONCLUSIONStatus of CFF for infants and young children in southwestern China is generally inadequate, with differences between urban and rural groups. This problem is more serious in early month infants and rural areas and should be emphasized and improved.

China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Food ; statistics & numerical data ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Nutrition Surveys ; Rural Population ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban Population

OBJECTIVETo investigate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous incisional needle biopsy (PINB) in the parapharyngeal region under CT guide for highly suspicious nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) or recurrence of NPC after radiotherapy.

METHODSPINB under CT guide was performed in 32 highly suspicious NPC or recurrence of NPC after radiotherapy through three puncture routes: posterolateral maxillary sinus fatty area, mandibular fossa area, and anterior-mastoid area. Specimens were fixed by 95% alcohol and then underwent pathologic examination.

RESULTSCT guided PINB was successfully performed in every patients with a technical successful rate of 100%. Definitive histopathologic diagnosis was obtained in 30 patients: squamous-cell carcinoma 21, undifferentiated carcinoma 5 and adenocarcinoma 4. The remaining two negative cases were confirmed as fibrosis after radiotherapy. Complications included persistent bleeding of puncture point in one patient and bloody sputum in 3 patients which subsided after symptomatic management. None of these patients was found to have symptoms of nerve injury caused by PINB procedure.

CONCLUSIONThe CT guided percutaneous incisional needle biopsy in parapharyngeal region through the above three puncture routes for highly suspicious nasopharyngeal carcinoma is safe, rapid and effective.

Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy, Needle ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Pharynx ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Radiography, Interventional ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the roles of cell adhesion, multidrug resistance and cell proliferation in short-term recurrent cases with superficial bladder cancer, and the prognostic value of the three indexes.

METHODSImmunohistochemical staining for E-cad, P-gp and Ki-67 was performed on the tumors of 100 patients with stage T0-T1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder who had been included in a retrospective research by follow-up.

RESULTSE-cad and P-gp expression was positive in 51 (43.2%)and 17 (14.4%) of the tumors, respectively and mean proliferation index (PI) was 22.1%. The decrease in E-cad expression was accompanied with the increasing recurrent episodes (P < 0.05), while increase of P-gp expression and PI were accompanied with the increasing recurrence episodes (P < 0.05). There was significant difference according to E-cad, P-gp positivity and between T(1)G(3) patients and no-T(1)G(3) patients (P < 0.05). There was negative correlation of E-cad expression with P-gp expression and PI.

CONCLUSIONSMinimum adhesion, strong drug resistance and maximum proliferation are the main factors that promote short-term recurrence of superficial bladder cancer and also the inherent reasons for easy recurrence and high malignancy of T(1)G(3) tumors. During this course, the three aspects may interact.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; analysis ; Adult ; Cadherins ; analysis ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Division ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Female ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; analysis ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; etiology ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; etiology ; pathology

Objective To explore the reliability and validity of the Children' s Impact of Event Scale (Chinese version, CRIES-13) and to determine the value and the optimal cutoff point of the score of CRIES-13 in screening posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD), so as to provide evidence for PTSD prevention and identify children at risk in Wenchuan earthquake areas. Methods A total of 253 children experienced the Wenchuan earthquake were tested through Stratified random cluster sampling. The authors examined CRIES-13's internal consistency, discriminative validity and predictive value of the cut-off. PTSD was assessed with the DSM-Ⅳ criteria. Area under the curve while sensitivity, specificity and Youden index were computed based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Optimal cutoff point was determined by the maximum of Youden index. Results 20.9% of the subjects were found to have met the DSM-Ⅳ criteria for PTSD 7 months after the Wenchuan earthquake accident. The Cronbach' s coefficient of CRIES-13 was 0.903 and the mean inter-item correlation coefficients ranged from 0.283 to 0.689, the correlation coefficient of the three factors with the total scale scores ranged from 0.836 to 0.868 while the correlation coefficient among the three factors ranged from 0.568 to 0.718, PTSD cases indicated much higher scores than non-PTSD cases, the Youden index reached maximum value when the total score approached 18 in CRIES-13 with sensitivity and specificity as 81.1% and 76.5% respectively. Consistency check showed that there were no significant differences between the results of CRIES-13 score ≥32 and clinical diagnosis (Kappa=0.529) from the screening program. Conclusion CRIES-13 appeared to be a reliable and valid measure for assessing the posttraumatic stress symptoms among children after the earthquake accident in the Wenchuan area. The CRIES-13 seemed to be a useful self-rating diagnostic instrument for survivors with PTSD symptoms as a clinical concern by using a 18 cut-off in total score. Consistency check showed that there was no significant difference between the screening result of CRIES- 13 score ≥ 32 and clinical diagnosis.

Objective To detect the clinical effect of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt in elderly patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Methods Thirty-five patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus underwent ventriculo-peritoneal shunt and admitted to our hospital from May 2006 and May 2010 were employed in our study; their medical history,CT and MRI scan data,and results of CSF samples obtained by lumbar puncture were retrospectively analyzed; their effects on outcome ofventriculo-peritoneal shunt were analyzed. Results The 6-12 months' follow-up indicated that notable effect was noted in 16 patients, effective result in 12 and ineffective result in 7. The postoperative effective rate in patients with senil intelligence disorder was 58.0％; that in patients with gait instability was 85.0％; and that in patients with urinary incontinence was 81.5％. The imaging examination showed that all the 33 patients had ventricular system shrink to some extent. Conclusion Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt is the most effective method in treating aged patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.