Objective To analyze the risk factors on type 2 diabetic with foot ulcer.Methods 69diabetic foot patients were involved in the study.According to ulcer,patients were divided into the ulcer group(n=25)and the no-ulcer group (n=44).FBG,2h PBG,HbA1c,TC,TG,HDL,LDL,BUN,Cr.CRP were examined.T-test and chi-square test were used to assess the risk factors on diabetic foot patients with clure.Results Compared with the no-ulce group,the ulcer grou were associated with HDL and CRP.Chi-square-test demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the groups with ulcer and no-ulcer grou on incidence of hypertension and ulcer in diabetic foot patients(P

At the present time, a kind of monitoring technology assuring highly effectual anesthesia is urgently required in the clinical practice. Electroencephalogram (EEG) assumes a dominant position in the current research of the depth detection of anesthesia. In this paper, the monitoring technique of the depth detection of anesthesia by bispectral index (BIS) is systematically showed. The bispectral index is a compound parameter which is composed of time domain, frequency domain, and high order spectral subparameters of the electroencephalograph. This nonlinear compound calculation method is worth research and is of great significance to the development of a new monitor of closed-loop control of anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; methods ; Electroencephalography ; methods ; Monitoring, Intraoperative ; methods

To propose the new concept of multidimensional omics, and define that the multidimensional omics is a proper method for studying the material base and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds. Zhuanggu Zhitong capsule was taken for example to study its effect against experimental postmenopausal osteoporosis. From the perspective of chemi-omics, genomics and proteomics of TCM, it systematically interpreted the efficacious materials and mechanisms of Zhuanggu Zhitong capsule in preventing and treating experimental postmenopausal osteoporosis, while taking the lead in designing a three dimensional form to intuitively exhibit the results of the multidimensional omics study. This study provides a new idea and solution for studies on the efficacious materials and mechanisms of TCM compounds.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Genomics ; Humans ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proteomics

OBJECTIVETo observe the efficacy of Zaozhu Yinchen Recipe (ZZYCR) on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients, and to explore its effect on serum free fatty acid (FFA) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha).

METHODSTotally 120 patients with NASH were randomly assigned to the treatment group (60 cases, treated with ZZYCR, one dose per day) and the control group (60 cases, treated with Silibin Meglumine Tablets, 20 mg each time, thrice per day). The therapeutic course for all was 24 weeks. Serum levels of ALT and AST activities, TC and TG levels were detected before and after treatment. Peritoneal CT was performed in all patients, and CT ratios of liver and spleen calculated. NAFLD activity score (NAS) and degree of hepatic fibrosis were assessed using pathological examinations of liver tissue, and efficacy also evaluated. Serum contents of FFA and TNF-alpha were also detected.

RESULTSCompared with before treatment in the same group, activities of ALT and AST, serum levels of TC, TG, FFA, and TNF-alpha, NAS, scores of symptoms and signs all obviously decreased, degree of hepatic fibrosis was obviously improved in the two groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). These changes were more obviously seen in the treatment group (P < 0.05). After 24-week treatment, the total effective rate and total clinical efficacy were 80.00% (48/60 cases) and 85.00% (51/60 cases) in the treatment group, obviously higher than those in the control group [60.00% (36/60 cases) and 73.33% (44/60 cases) respectively], with significant difference (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONZZYCR could improve the clinical efficacy of NASH patients, and its mechanism might be associated with inhibiting serum levels of FFA and TNF-alpha.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; blood ; Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; drug therapy ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

Glutamatergic synapses are common excitatory chemical connections in mammalian central nervous system. At these synapses, most of baseline synaptic transmission is mediated by glutamate AMPA receptors. NMDA receptors that are sensitive to voltage-dependent magnesium blockade selectively contribute to activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. However, inhibition of NMDA receptors by systemic or local administration of NMDA receptor antagonists produced significant effects on different physiological functions that are not believed to depend on NMDA receptor related synaptic plasticity. Here we show that NMDA receptors contribute to synaptic responses in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a region important for cognitive and other brain functions. The contribution of NMDA receptors became more prominent when synapses are stimulated at higher frequencies. Furthermore, at temperatures more close to physiological brain temperatures, more NMDA receptor mediated responses were recorded as compared to the room temperature. These data suggest a new function for NMDA receptors in the ACC as important postsynaptic receptors involved in synaptic transmission, in particular when cells are firing at high frequencies.
Animals ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; physiology ; Gyrus Cinguli ; physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neuronal Plasticity ; physiology ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; physiology ; Synapses ; physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; physiology

Objective To investigate the nursing effects of integrated dexamethasone,gentamycin and calamine on the treatment for eczema around PICC.Methods Totals of 100 patients with localized eczema around PICC were randomly diVided into experimental group(50 cases)which receiVed the therapy of gentamicin 160 000 U,dexamethasone 10mg and calamine lotion and control group (50 cases)which received Piyanping Ointment therapy,then treatment effects of two groups were observed and compared.Results Fifty cases of experimental group,38 cases got effective (76％),6 cases got better (12％),so the remission rate was 88％,and 6 cases were failed (12％),which obtained satisfactory results.While 50 cases of control group,no case got effective,11 cases got better (22％),and ineffective cases was 39 cases (78％),totally remission rate was 22％,and the difference between two groups was statistically significant (x2 =44.0,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions The therapy of integrated gentamicin,dexamethasone and calamine lotion have a significant effect on eczema around PICC.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the osteogenic ability of the three-dimensional interconnected porous titanium(TDIPT) coated with bonelike apatite, by the test of the culture of osteoblast in vitro.

METHODSThe pure TDIPT was prepared by the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) and was divided into two groups. One group of TDIPT was dipped into the 1.5 simulated body fluid (1.5 SBF) and developed the TDIPT coated with bone-like apatite (The test group). Another group was control group (pure TDIPT). The porous titanium of the two groups were all made into standard parts (5 mm x 5 mm x 4 mm) and placed into the 24-hole plates. The osteoblasts were extracted from SD rat. After the primary culture and subculture of the osteoblast in vitro, the osteoblasts were inoculated into the samples in the 24-pole plate and cultured continually. MTT Cell Proliferation Assay was done on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th day respectively after inoculating. The ALP activity was tested on the 7th, 14th and 21st day, respectively. The collected data were analyzed by use of the student t test.

RESULTSThe MTT value and the ALP activity increased with the increasing of the culture time in the two group, but those of the test group was more significant than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the osteoblast tachyauxesis and stable adhesion were observed in test group by SEM at the 7th day after culturing.

CONCLUSIONThe bioactivity of the TDIPT improves significantly after coating with the bone-like apatite onto the surface of the TDIPT.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Osteoblasts ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Osteogenesis ; Porosity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Titanium ; chemistry

Objective： The current study was designed to search into the detection of micrometastasis in peripheral blood in the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and its significance.Method： Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 65 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 21 non-HCC malignant tumors, 22 chronic hepatitis B or cirrhosis, and 21 cases of normal healthy volunteers. For identifying hepatocellular carcinoma cells in peripheral blood, the authors detected liver-specific alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) mRNA from total RNA extracted from whole blood by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(Nested-RT-PCR). Results： AFP-mRNA was not detected in the normal healthy volunteers and the patient with non-HCC malignant tumors. The presence of AFP-mRNA in the patients with HCC (67.7％ ,44/65) was higher than those with chronic hepatitis B or cirrhosis ( 9.1％ ,2/22,P< 0.01). The detective rate of AFP-mRNA in the blood seemed to be correlated with the clinical stages of HCC, the presence of extrahepatic metastasis, and portal vein thrombosis. The positive AFP-mRNA in peripheral blood after treatment was correlated with the prognosis of the patients with HCC. AFP-mRNA was detected in 7 of 12 (58.3％) HCC patients with low level of serum AFP (< 25 μg/L). Conclusions： The presence of AFP-mRNA in peripheral blood may be an indicator of malignant or benign hepatocytes, which might predicate hematogenous spreading metastasis of tumor cells in the patients with HCC, it might be a valuable marker for predicting metastasis and recurrence of HCC, and it might play a supplementary role in the diagnosis of HCC with negative or low level of serum AFP.

The caterpillar-shaped Chinese medicinal mushroom (DongChongXiaCao) looks like a worm in the winter and like a grass in the summer. The fruiting body has been regarded as popular folk or effective medicines used to treat human diseases such as asthma, bronchial and lung inflammation, and kidney disease. The fruiting bodies of Paecilomyces tenuipes that formed on the living silkworm (Bombyx mori) host were used in this examination. This study was carried out to investigate the proximate composition, soluble sugar, amino acid and fatty acid profiles, and contents of the bioactive ingredient including adenosine and D-mannitol in the fruiting-bodies. The moisture content was 57.56%. Soluble sugars found were glycerol, glucose, mannitol and sucrose, and the contents exceeded 24 mgg-1dry weight. Total free amino acid content was 17.09 mg g(-1)dry weight. Arginine, glycine, proline and tyrosine were main amino acids. The content of oleic acid in fatty acids was high. Adenosine was more abundant in fruiting bodies than corpus.
Adenosine ; Agaricales ; Amino Acids ; Arginine ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Asthma ; Bombyx ; Carbohydrates ; Fatty Acids ; Fruit ; Glucose ; Glycerol ; Glycine ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; Mannitol ; Oleic Acid ; Paecilomyces* ; Pneumonia ; Poaceae ; Proline ; Sucrose ; Tyrosine

OBJECTIVETo study the regulattory effect of Astragalus membranaceus on immune disturbance of the rats with IgA nephropathy.

METHODSRats IgA nephropathy (IgAN) model was duplicated by oral feeding of bovine serum albumin (BSA), subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and injection of lipopolysaccharide (LSP) into vena caudalis. The rats were divided into three groups randomly for the normal, IgAN model group and the group treated with Astragalus membranaceus (treatment group). The treatment group was given the Astragalus membranaceus granules via intragastric administratsion, the normal group and the IgAN model group were given the equal amount of aqua destillata by gastric perfusion. The rats were examined for albuminuria, hematuria and pathological changes of renal tissue and the distribution of TGF-beta and interleukin-5 in renal tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry and the IFN-gamma and IL-4 of cytokine of Th1 and Th2 types were detected in rats IgA nephropathy model by sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTS(1) The hematuria in rats with IgA nephropathy significantly increased compared with normal control group and Astragalus treatment group (P < 0.05). There was significant increase in albuminuria in rats with IgA nephropathy, compared with normal control group and astragalus treatment group (P < 0.01). (2) The pathological change of glomerular mesangium, renal tubules and renal interstitia became serious in rats IgA nephropathy model when compared with normal control group and astragalus treatment group. Immumofluorescence showed renal IgA density in rats IgA nephropathy model was significantly higher than that in the normal control group (P < 0.001) and astragalus treatment group (P < 0.001). (3) The result of immuno histochemistry showed that there was only weak expression of TGF-beta and interleukin 5 in normal renal tissue. The expression of TGF-beta and interleukin 5 in IgA nephropathy model was significantly stronger than those in normal control group (P < 0.05) and astragalus treatment group (P < 0.05). (4) The serum IL-4 levels were (33.74 +/- 7.52) pg/ml in rats IgA nephropathy model, significantly higher than that in normal control group (2.36 +/- 0.85) pg/ml and astragalus treatment group (3.24 +/- 1.13) pg/ml. The IFN-gamma level in serum of rats IgA nephropathy model was (18.79 +/- 3.80) pg/ml, which was significantly higher than that in normal control group (46.53 +/- 5.56) pg/ml and astragalus treatment group (41.28 +/- 2.95) pg/ml.

CONCLUSIONSThe astragalus could lower the level of hematuria and 24 hours-albuminuria of the IgAN model, and amelioratse the change of the renal pathology and reduce the deposit of IgA in glomerular mesangium. The possible mechanism of the effect is that astragalus could regulate the derangement of Th1, Th2, accordingly could improve the level of IL-4 and IFN-gamma in the serum and diminish the expression of cytokine Th2 TGF-beta1 and IL-5 of the renal tissue, and thereby could postpone the development of IgAN.

Animals ; Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; immunology ; Cattle ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; immunology ; Interleukin-4 ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-5 ; pharmacology ; Kidney Tubules ; drug effects ; Rats ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; immunology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; pharmacology