Objective To observe the sites and relations of AQP-2 and AQP-4 in kidney during development and maturation, and discuss the roles of them. Methods Immunohistochemistry combined with stereological methods were used to observe and measure the expression of AQP-2 and AQP-4. Results AQP-2 was apparently noticed at the apical side and cytoplasm of principle cells in the collecting ducts. The expression of AQP-2 at the apical side increased from 17-fetuses to 1-day neonatal by stereology, but it hardly changed after 1-day neonatal. The expression of AQP-4 was faint at 14-day embryo and enhanced with age to reach a plateau at birth, and was not changed remarkably thereafter. The expression of AQP-4 was less than AQP-2 in every stage of kidney development. It was localized at the basolateral membrane of ureteric buds or collecting ducts.Conclusion We presume that AQPs are very important for balance of water during development and maturation in mice kidney, while AQP-4 is before birth, AQP-2 is after birth.

Objective To investigate the association of serum uric acid (UA) level with ventricular hypertrophy,ventricular remodeling,and ventricular electromechanical activity dyssynchrony in patients with chronic heart failure by studying the correlation among left ventricular mass index (LVMI),QRS duration (QRSd) and UA.Methods Four hundred and fifty-three patients were selected in this study.Each patient received examinations of echocardiography,electrocardiogram (ECG),blood routine,and blood biochemistry.According to the different UA level,the patients were divided into group Ⅰ (UA≤360 μmol/ L),group Ⅱ (360 μmol/L ＜ UA≤420 μmol/L),group Ⅲ (420 μmol/L ＜ UA≤480 μmol/L),group Ⅳ (480 μmol/L ＜ UA ≤540 μmol/L),and group Ⅴ (UA ＞ 540 μmol/L).The differences in LVMI,QRSd,Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),and NYHA class among five groups were compared,and the correlation among LVMI,QRSd and UA were analyzed.Results According to the different UA,from groups Ⅰ to Ⅴ,with increase in UA,LVMI values increased,there was significant difference among five groups [(93.89 ±30.25) g/m2,(94.44 ±32.46) g/m2,(101.04 ± 37.22) g/m2,(124.39 ± 63.22)g/m2,and (133.51 ±41.85) g/m2,respectively] (F =17.501,P ＜ 0.01).UA level correlated positively with LVMI (r =0.329 P ＜0.01).According to the different UA,from groups Ⅰ to Ⅴ,with increase in UA,QRSd prolonged,there was significant difference among five groups [(93.10 ± 14.56) ms,(92.77 ± 21.12)ms,(94.00±19.95)ms,(97.55 ±20.37)ms,and (101.73 ±25.57)ms,respectively] (F=2.516,P ＜ 0.05).UA level correlated positively with QRSd (r =0.167,P ＜ 0.01).According to the different UA,from groups Ⅰ to Ⅴ,with increase in UA,LVEF was reduced [(54.94 ± 10.26) ％,(53.06 ±13.43)％,(51.79 ±14.01)％,(45.82±13.90)％,and (4-3.76±12.01)％,respectively] (F=14.299,P ＜ 0.01),and the proportion of NYHA class Ⅳ increased (3.85％,4.29％,4.00％,21.05％,and 67.11％,respectively) (x2 =326.566,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions With the increase in UA level in patients with chronic heart failure,LVMI value increased,QRSd prolonged,LVEF decreased,and cardiac function reduced.It indicated that the elevated level of UA might reflect the severity of the ventricular remodeling,and ventricular electromechanical activity in dyssynchrony and development of heart failure.

The improvement of hypoxia of tumor cells can effectively reduce their resistance to radiation and chemotherapy and im-prove the cure rate of the tumor. Recently, the compounds which are used to improve hypoxia of tumor cells and reduce radiation resist-ance are no longer just the original electrophilic radiosensitizers, and many potential targets as radiosensitizer for hypoxia also become research focus. Based on the mechanism of tumor hypoxia, the paper summarized the study progresses in four different radiosensitizers including new targeted agents, electrophilic radiotherapy sensitization agents, biological reductants and natural plant extracts.

AlM:To evaluate the value of color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of traumatic retinal detachment.
METHODS: All 50 cases ( 56 eyes ) of suspicious traumatic retinal detachment from January to June in 2013 were enrolled in this study. All first received the two-dimensional ultrasound, then the color Doppler ultrasound, finally, these results were compared with the results of surgery.
RESULTS: All 56 eyes were observed intravitreal abnormal spots by the two-dimensional ultrasound, and 39 eyes were observed color blood signal by the color Doppler ultrasound. Forty eyes were approved retinal detachment by surgery.
CONCLUSlON: lt is better to display the intravitreal abnormal spots and color blood signal by the color Doppler ultrasound than by the two - dimensional ultrasound, so there is important clinical significance of the color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of traumatic retinal detachment.

Objective To study the imaging characteristics of osteosarcoma.Methods 35 patients with osteosarcoma proved pathologically were examined by radiography,of them 25 cases were examined with CT scan or MRI,and 8 cases undergone contrast-enhanced MRI.The imaging features of osteosarcoma were analysed comparatively with that of pathology.Results The lesions localized at distal part of femur in 17 cases and proximal part of tibia in 8 cases,that were most location of this tumor.The imaging characteristics of osteosarcoma included bone destruction,neoplastic bone,periosteal reaction and soft-tissue mass,in some cases,epiphyseal plate and epiphysis were involved,even the joint face and the opposite osseous of joint(skip lesions).On enhanced MR scanning,the margin of tumor was enhanced in early and the center of tumor was delayed enhancement.CT could showed "sieve sign"and small neoplastic bone.Conclusion Osteosarcoma has certain imaging characteristics;X-ray examination is the first choice in diagnosing osteosarcoma,CT and MR could provide much more comprehensive imaging information for clinic.

AIM: To evaluate the physiologic change of retinal thickness during pregnancy.
METHODS:Forty cases ( 80 eyes ) were included two groups:40 eyes ( 20 cases ) in healthy pregnant women group (including in the second and last trimester), and 40 eyes (20 cases) in healthy nonpregnant women group ( control group ) . The macular volume, average thickness, central subfield thickness and retinal thickness of other parafoveal areas were measured by optical coherence tomography scan.
RESULTS: The macular volume was 10. 06±0. 41mm3 and 9. 87±0. 30mm3 in healthy pregnant women group and control group respectively. The average thickness was 279. 43±10. 86μm and 274. 25±8. 07μm in healthy pregnant women group and control group respectively. The central subfield thickness was 235. 15±15. 05μm and 233. 00±15. 81μm in healthy pregnant women group and control group espectively. Statistically significant difference was found in macular volume and average thickness (P<0. 05). The retinal thickness of 8 parafoveal areas in healthy pregnant women group increased comparing with control group, but statistical significance was only found in superior-outer area and inferior-outer area(P<0. 05). OCT images of all cases were normal.
CONCLUSION:The macular retinal thickness increases during pregnancy in the second and last trimester. The physiologic change of retinal thickness should be considered when evaluating pathologic retinal disease of pregnant women.

Objective To investigate the inducing effects of selenium dioxide(SeO2 ) on the apoptosis in human cervical carcino-ma cell line Hela and its influence on the expression of apoptosis-related proteins caspase-3 and P53 .Methods Hela cells were trea-ted with different concentrations of SeO2 for 24 h in vitro ;the morphological changes of Hela cells were observed by the optical mi-croscope;the influence of SeO2 on the cell proliferation and vitality was examined by the MTT assay ;the flow cytometry was em-ployed to detect the cell apoptosis rate ;the expressions of caspase-3 and P53 proteins in Hela cells were determined by the Western blot analysis .Results Under the optical microscopy ,SeO2 generated the obvious influence on the cell growth morphology ,a large number of cells became rounded and shrunken ,and lost the normal form ,while the adherence cell number was evidently decreased and the proliferation was slowed down ;the MTT results showed that SeO2 markedly inhibited the cell proliferation and viability in a dose-dependent manner ,in which ,the cell apoptosis rates induced by the 0 ,1 .875 ,3 .750 ,7 .500 ,15 .000 and 30 .000 μmol/L con-centrations of SeO2 were 3 .12% ,30 .56% ,33 .42% ,37 .50% ,45 .43% and 69 .38% respectively ,which revealing the obviously in-creasing trend;the Western blot assay revealed that SeO2 could up-regulate the caspase-3 and P53 levels ,and reached the peak value at the concentration of 7 .500μmol/L .Conclusion SeO2 could induce the cervical cancer cell apoptosis possibly by up-regulating the expressions of caspase-3 and p53 in Hela cells .

Objective To establish classification and regression tree (CART) for differentiating benign from malignant solitary pulmonary nudules (SPN).Methods One hundred and sixteen consecutive cases with 116 solitary pulmonary nodules,which finally were pathologically proven 54 malignant nodules and 62 benign nodules,were prospectively registered in this research.Twelve clinical presentations and 22 CT findings were collected as predictors.A classification tree was established to distinguish benign SPNs from malignant ones.In the observer test,two groups (one made of junior radiologists and one of senior radiologists) were independently presented with clinical information and CT images without knowing the pathologic and machine-learning results.Performance of observers and CART were compared by receiver operating characteristic analysis.Results Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed areas under the curve of CART,senior radiologists and junior radiologists respectively were 0.910±0.029,0.827±0.038,0.612±0.052. Difference between areas (DBF) between CART and junior radiologists was 0.297 (P＜0.01).DBF between CART and senior radiologists was 0.083(P＜0.05).DBF between senior and junior radiologists was 0.214(P＜0.01).CART showed a best diagnostic efficiency,followed by junior radiologists,and then senior radiologists.Conclusion Our data mining techniques using CART prove a high accuracy in differentiating benign from malignant pulmonary nodules based on clinical variables and CT findings.It will be a potentially useful tool in further application of artificial intelligence in the imaging diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of propofol post?conditioning on oxygen?glucose deprivation and restoration ( OGD∕R)?induced abnormal cell cycle activation in hippocampal neurons of rats. Methods Primarily cultured hippocampal neurons obtained from fetal Wistar rats were cultured for 7 days and seeded in culture wells (100 μl∕well) or in culture flasks (3 ml∕flask) at a density of 5×105cells∕ml. The neurons were divided into 3 groups ( n=24 each) using a random number table: control group ( group C); group OGD∕R; propofol post?conditioning group (group PP). The neurons were subjected to oxygen?glucose deprivation for 1 h followed by restoration of oxygen?gulcose supply for 24 h. Propofol 1.2μg∕ml was added immediately after onset of oxygen?glucose restoration, and the neurons were incubated for 2 h in group PP. At 24 h of oxygen?glucose restoration, cells were collected for measurement of the cell viability by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, and the mitochondrial membrane potential ( MMP ) , intracellular Ca2+concentration ( [ Ca2+] i ) and distribution of cell cycle were determined using flow cytometry. Results Compared with group C, the cell viability and MMP were significantly decreased, [ Ca2+] i was signifi? cantly increased, the proportion of the cells in G0∕G1 phase was significantly decreased, and the proportion of the cells in S and G2∕M phases was significantly increased in OGD∕R and PP groups (P<0.05). Com?pared with group OGD∕R, the cell viability and MMP were significantly increased, [ Ca2+] i was significant?ly decreased, the proportion of the cells in G0∕G1 phase was significantly increased, and the proportion of the cells in S and G2∕M phases was significantly decreased in group PP (P<0.05). Conclusion The mechanism by which propofol post?conditioning reduces OGD∕R?induced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons of rats is associated with inhibition of abnormal cell cycle activation.

Objective To investigate the effects of exercise on learning and memory after cerebral ischemia. Methods Ninety Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham-operated group, a model group and a treadmill training group ( n=30 for each) , which were further subdivided into groups to receive 7 days, 14 days or 28 days of training with 10 rats in each. The training was treadmill running at 10 m/min for 30 min a day. Cerebral ische-mia was induced in the model and training groups using permanent, bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. The training began three days after the operation. Morris water maze tests were used to measure the rats′ learning and memory ability, and Nissl staining was employed to detect the survival rates of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. Results The average escape latency in the treadmill trained group had shortened significantly by day 7, then further by days 14 and 28. It was significantly shorter than the model group′s average at each time point. The average platform crossing time increased significantly compared with the model group′s average. Few dead neu-rons were observed in the sham-operated group. On days 14 and 28 the average survival rate of pyramidal neurons in the model group was significantly lower than in the treadmill training group or the sham-operated group, though there was no significant difference on day 7. Conclusion Treadmill training can improve learning and memory after cere-bral ischemia, at least in rats. Better effects can be observed after longer training.