Objective To establish a method focusing on regulation of CNN3 gene in the rat hippocampus and help to explore the role of CNN3 gene played in the brain physiology and pathology.Methods One cDNA sequence and three shRNAs targeting CNN3 gene were designed and synthesized.The recombinant lentivirus-mediated expressing and three short hairpin RNA ( shRNA) vectors targeting CNN3 gene in the rats were constructed with engineering technology.All recombinant vectors were intravenously injected into rats hippocampi guided by stereotaxic apparatus.Western blot was performed to explore the best shRNA and to study the changes of CNN3 gene in the rat hippocampus after transfection with the silence and over-expressed vectors.Results The lentivirus-mediated vector expressing CNN3-OE and three shRNA vectors targeting CNN3 gene were successfully constructed.Within eight weeks after transfection, the vectors of CNN3-OE and three CNN3-shRNAs changed the expression of CNN3 gene in the rat hippocampus, in particular, all the protein levels of calponin-3 encoded by CNN3 gene were significantly down-regulated along with the time, with the highest inhibitory rate of 73.6%in the CNN3-shRNA2 group.Significant up-regulation of calponin-3 protein level by 93.88%, was found only on the 14th day after transfection.Conclusions Lentivirus-mediated vectors of CNN3-OE and CNN3-shRNAs may regulate in vivo the CNN3 gene level in the local brain region of rats via stereotactic injection.The study lays a foundation for disease prevention and treatment in the future.

OBJECTIVETo compare clinical outcomes between two suturing methods using non absorbable materials through drilling the bone and suturing anchors for the treatment of complete rupture of the deltoid ligament.

METHODSFrom January 2009 to January 2013, 58 hospitalized patients with ankle fracture combined with complete rupture of the deltoid ligament were treated with suturing using non absorbable materials through drilling the bone or suturing anchors. There were 29 patients who received suturing treatments using non absorbable materials through drilling the bone (Group A), including 18 males and 11 females, with an average age of (39.76 +/- 11.81) years old. According to the Lauge-Hansen classification, 12 patients had supination external rotation (SER) injuries with IV degree, 5 patients had pronation external rotation (PER) injuries with III degree, 10 patients had PER injuries with IV degrss, and 2 patients had pronation abduction injuries with III degree. There were 29 patients who received treatments with suturing using anchors (Group B), including 14 males and 15 females, with an average age of (41.79 +/- 13.28) years old. According to the Lauge-Hansen classification,9 patients had SER injuries with IV degree, 6 patients had PER injuries with III degree,13 patients had PER injuries with IV degree, and 1 patient had pronation abduction injuries with III degree. All the patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation, as well as reconstruction of deltoid ligaments to restore the stability of the medial ankle structures. The clinical examination, imaging evaluation, American society for ankle surgery (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score and visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to evaluate the clinical results after operation, and the results of the two groups were compared and analyzed statistically.

RESULTSThe follow-up duration of the 58 patients ranged from 23 to 40 months,with an average of 27.3 months. All the patients had fracture union, and the mean healing time was 12.3 weeks (ranged, 10 to 17 weeks). There were no incision complications and ankle instability. There were no significant differences between two groups in AOFAS (P=0.666) and the VAS (P=0.905).

CONCLUSIONTreatments of complete rupture of the deltiod ligaments with the two suturing methods get similar good clinical effects, but the suturing using non absorbable materials through drilling the bone has several advantages such as reducing the financial burden of patients, saving social medical resources and avoiding the shortcoming in difficult removal of anchor suture.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Ankle Fractures ; surgery ; Ankle Injuries ; surgery ; Ankle Joint ; surgery ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Lateral Ligament, Ankle ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo approach the correlation of upper airway and surrounding tissues with body mass index (BMI) of non-apnea aged males.

METHODSThirty-one non-apnea aged from 70 years to 84 years males (all were inspected by polysomnography and apnea hyponea index < 10 times/hour) had magnetic resonance imaging scanned. In images of MRI, the upper airway was divided into four sections, including nasopharynx, velopharynx, glossopharynx and laryn-gopharynx. The sizes, forms and surrounding tissues were measured and correlation analysis of duality vaniable about upper airway and surrounding tissues with BMI were carried out.

RESULTS(1) The volume of nasopharynx had negative correlation with body mass(P < 0.05). (2) The min anterior-posterior diameter of velopharynx had positive correlation with body mass and BMI. The max value of anterior-posterior diameter/transverse diameter of velopharynx had positive correlation with body mass. The mi value of distance of fatpads had negative correlation with body mass and BMI. The min and average value of distance of ascending ramus had positive correlation with body mass and BMI. The mn value of distance of fatpads/distance of ascending ramus had negative correlation with body mass and BMI. The transverse diameter/lateral velopharyngeal wall of velopharynx had positive correlation with BMI. All of above results had statistic significance (P < 0.05). (3)The volume of soft palate, tongue and fatpads had no correlation with body mass and BMI (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe forms of sectional areas of velopharynx are subjected to body mass, and with the increasing of body mass they tend to round. In non-apnea aged males, the distance of fatpads and ascending rami have intimate relationship with body mass and BMI. The volume of soft palate, tongue, tatpads and velopharyngeal walls has little things with hody mass and BMI.

Apnea ; Body Mass Index ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Palate, Soft ; Polysomnography ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; Tongue

OBJECTIVETo study the genotype distribution of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates from posthepatitic cirrhosis' patients with bloodstream infection.

METHODSE. coli were isolated in bloodstream from patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis between January and December in 2011. The strains were identified by VITEK-II. The antibiol susceptibility tests were performed with K-B method. beta-lactamases genes were detected multi-PCR, PCR, sequence and blast.

RESULTSA total of 79 non-duplicate clinical isolates of E coli were consecutively collected from liver cirrhosis' patients with bloodstream infection. There were 20 isolates produced TEM-1 type beta-lactamases and 1 isolate produced SHV-1 typebeta-lactamases. 40 clinical isolates were detected to produce CTX-M type ESBLs, there were 20 CTX-M-1 group and 26 CTX-M-9 group, including 6 stains habouring both CTX-M-1 and CTX-M-9 group. Eight CTX-M genotypes were confirmed by sequencing of the PCR products, including CTX-M-3, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-24, CTX-M-28, CTX-M-31, CTX-M-65 and CTX-M-79.

CONCLUSIONCTX-M genotype ESBLs was the most popular extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in E. coli isolated from liver cirrhosis' patients with bloodstream infection. The CTX-M-14 is the dominant epidemic type.

Bacteremia ; microbiology ; Cross Infection ; microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Escherichia coli ; drug effects ; enzymology ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Escherichia coli Infections ; microbiology ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; genetics ; Genotype ; Hospitalization ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; therapy ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; beta-Lactamases ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo describe the morphology of upper airway in non-apnea males aged seventy years or over.

METHODSThirty-one non-apnea males aged 70 years or over [diagnosed by whole-night polysomnography (PSG), apnea and hypopnea index (AHI) < 10 per hour] had been taken magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning.

RESULTSThe narrowest point of upper airway was at velopharynx. The mean and the minimum section areas were (190.9 +/- 67.1) mm(2) and (112.1 +/- 47.7) mm(2), respectively. Each sagittal/transverse ratio was between 0.22 and 0.89. It showed an ellipse-like cross-section of upper airway, while velopharynx was the most "slender" segment (sagittal/transverse-caliber was 0.22 - 0.71). The min/max section area of upper airway was between 0.38 and 0.62. It demonstrated that each airway segment was a "cone-like" form, while the velopharynx was the steepest segment.

CONCLUSIONSIn the non-apnea elderly males aged seventy years or over, the velopharynx was most likely to collapse.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Palate, Soft ; anatomy & histology ; Pharynx ; anatomy & histology ; Polysomnography ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tongue ; anatomy & histology

Objective To investigate the effect of Xuesaitong injection on acute inflammatory response and preoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in patients after gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Methods From July 2016 to September 2017, there were 246 patients having undergone gynecological laparoscopic surgery in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Guangyuan Central Hospital. And according to whether Xueseton was used or not preoperatively, they were divided into a control group (n = 118) and an observation group (n =128). The patients in the observation group were given intravenous drip with 400 mg Xuesaitong at 30 minutes before surgery, while the patients in the control group were given intravenous drip with equal amount of 5% glucose solution at 30 minutes before surgery. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum levels of interleukin-1 and -6 (IL-1, IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); the neuropsychological tests were used to assess the patients' cognitive function; visual analogue scale (VAS) score was applied to assess the postoperative pain of patients; the intra-operative situation and the postoperative related risk occurrence were recorded in the two groups. Results The comparisons of indicators between the observation group and control group were as follows: the operation time (minutes: 106.2±30.6 vs. 114.6±22.7), anesthesia time (minutes: 126.1±21.2 vs. 122.1±25.3), intra-operative blood loss (mL: 324.4±63.1 vs. 313.6±65.1) and postoperative rash (1 case vs. 2 cases), chest distress (11 cases vs. 8 cases), palpitation (10 cases vs. 8 cases), asthma (5 cases vs. 4 cases), hematuria (2 cases vs. 3 cases), incision bleeding (4 cases vs. 3 cases), lower limb deep venous thrombosis (DVT: 11 cases vs. 14 cases) and VAS score (3.6±0.9 vs. 3.8±0.8), prothrombin time [PT (s): 10.7±2.2 vs. 9.7±1.5], activated partial thromboplastin time [APTT (s): 30.3±3.3 vs. 30.7±4.3], international normalized ratio (INR: 0.9±0.1 vs. 1.1±0.1), all of the above comparisons in indexes between the two groups had no statistical significant differences (all P > 0.05); with prolonged treatment, the IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were gradually decreased in two groups, reached the lowest levels at 12 hours after surgery, and the changes in the observation group were more significant than those in the control group [IL-1 (pg/L): 3.8±1.0 vs. 6.5±1.2, IL-6 (pg/L): 6.3±1.3 vs. 10.3±1.6, TNF-α (pg/L): 5.6±1.3 vs. 8.4±1.2]; after surgery the scores of MMSE test (score: 25.8±3.1 vs.20.8±3.3) and the word fluency test (14.9±1.8 vs. 12.8±1.8) in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the incidence of POCD was significantly lower than that in the control group [18.7% (24/128) vs. 33.8% (40/118), all P < 0.05]. Conclusion The use of Xuesaitong before gynecological laparoscopic surgery can reduce the patients' expression levels of serum IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α at acute inflammatory stage, reduce the occurrence of POCD and does not increase the related risk after surgery.

Objective To explore the relationship between wild rodent plague and human in wild rodent plague foci of the northwestern area in Yunnan to probe the possible transmission mechanism of wild rodent plague to human. Methods Data of component ratio of rodents and fleas was collected in different areas from 1985 - 1995. Activities and habits of residents regarding the way they keep cats and dogs and parasitic fleas and free fleas indoor were investigated, the dog serum was collected for detecting F1 antibody. Results Eothenomys miletus were main rodents in farmland and shrub, accounting for 48.00% (4753/9902) and 54.50% (4282/7857), Apodemus chevrieri were main rodents in garden, being 50.47% (1332/2639). The component ratio of Neopsylla specialis specialis was 13.31%(229/1720), 12.31%(1678/13 739) and 10.87%(957/8802) respectively in garden, farmland and shrub, higher than in indoor. The component ratio of Frantcpsylla spodix was 39.88% (686/1720), the highest in garden. Thirty-two per cent (32/100) of residents kept cats,in which 63% (20/32) with cat fleas, 68% (68/100) of villages kept dogs, in which 76%(52/68) with fleas. Eighteen parasitic fleas were caught from 43 dogs with a flea index of 0.119 and a rate for fleas of 11.63%, 7 pulex were collected from 17 indoor. Forty-three blood serum samples were obtained from dogs, among which 3 were positive blood serum. Conclusions Residents touch affected animals or media in different situations. The possibility of transmission for wild rodent plague to human exists in loci in a chain of wild rodent plague → fleas or predation → homebred animal plague (cats or dogs) →touching or respiratory → human.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of fenofibrate on the proliferation and apoptosis and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA expression of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). METHODS: HUVECs were cultured in vitro. The study was designated to 5 groups according to fenofibrate concentration: control group, LPC group, LPC + low-concentration fenofibrate (10 micromol/L), LPC + middle-concentration fenofibrate (50 micromol/L), and LPC + high-concentration fenofibrate (100 micromol/L). The study was designated to 6 groups according to the intervention time: control group, LPC group, LPC + fenofibrate (50 micromol/L) 6 h, LPC + fenofibrate 12 h, LPC + fenofibrate 24 h, and LPC + fenofibrate 48 h. The proliferation and apoptosis of HUVECs were evaluated by MTT assay, flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, respectively. eNOS mRNA were assayed by real time-PCR. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, LPC could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis, and downregulate eNOS mRNA expression and decrease NO production of HUVECs. Fenofibrate could increase the proliferation and decrease the apoptosis, and up-regulate eNOS mRNA expression and enhance NO production in HUVECs. CONCLUSION Fenofibrate could improve the proliferation and inhibit the apoptosis, and up-regulate eNOS mRNA expression of HUVECs induced by LPC, which may be responsible for fenofibrate to prevent and treat atherosclerosis.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelium, Vascular ; cytology ; Fenofibrate ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Lysophosphatidylcholines ; pharmacology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) by observing the dynamic expression changes at mRNA and protein levels early after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/ R).

METHODSThe Wistar rats were randomly divided into Sham and I/R group (n = 42), and killed according to different reperfusion time (1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 h and 7 d). Structural and morphous changes of myocytes were observed under optical microscope. The mRNA and protein levels of TLR2 and TLR4 were detected using real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Monocyte chemokine protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukine-6 (IL-6) mRNA levels were measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR).

RESULTS(1) With the extension of reperfusion time, the myocardial infarct size increased smoothly, and reached the plateau at 4 h, then stayed in the platform. After reperfusion for 7 d, the ventricular had been remodeled. (2) At the beginning of reperfusion, myocardial structure showed no significant change in Sham group, but had different degrees of injury in I/R group. In rats of the group reperfused for 7 d the left ventricular remodeling could be visible. (3) Compared to sham group,TIR2, TLR4, MCP-1, IL-6 mRNA level were increased in myocardium in I/R group. TLR2 and TLR4 both peaked at 4 h of reperfusion, IL6 peaked at 6 h, followed by a gradually decrease. TLR4 and IL-6 mRNA levels rose again at 7 d. MCP-1 level in I/R group remained fairly with sham group at the beginning of reperfusion, and markedly elevated at 7 d.

CONCLUSIONExpression of TLRs mRNA in myocardium during early after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion increased rapidly and activated TLRs might play an important role in MI/RI through promoting the generation of inflammatory factors. At the late reperfusion, TLRs levels raise again and the expression of inflammatory factors increase once again, Those may probably affect the remodeling of ventricular, and injure myocardial structure and function.

Animals ; Chemokine CCL2 ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Toll-Like Receptor 2 ; metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDThe radial artery is currently regarded as a useful approach for coronary intervention procedures. Adequate anatomical information of the radial artery should be helpful in performing transradial coronary procedures. Few data about the Chinese population have been obtained in this field. Therefore, we tried to evaluate the incidence and clinical significance of anomalous patterns, and their influence on the intervention procedure.

METHODSIn an estimated sample of 3000 cases, radial artery and subclavical artery angiography were performed after insertion of the sheath and coronary angiography (CA). The evaluable data including branch anomaly, tortuosity of the radial artery and procedural characteristics were analyzed. The procedure success was defined as CA or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) completed with the initial radial artery approach without changing to other routes.

RESULTSIn this study, 1897 cases of CA was undertaken and 1103 cases of CA combined with PCI were performed. The success rate of transradial intervention (TRI) was 96.6% (2899/3000). The approach in 44 cases was changed to the contralateral radial artery and 57 cases were changed to the brachial artery or femoral artery due to failure with the initial radial artery approach. The angiography of the upper limb artery was performed in all cases. Anatomic variations of upper limb arteries were noted in 610 patients (20.3%), which included tortuous configurations of the radial artery (5.0%), hypoplasias (2.2%), radioulnar loop (1.1%), abnormal origin of the radial artery (7.7%), stenosis of radial artery (1.4%), a tortuous configuration of the brachial artery (0.9%), a tortuous configurations of the subclavian artery (1.9%), lusoria subclavian artery (0.1%), and subclavian artery occlusion (0.03%). The procedural success rate in the normal population was higher than in the variation group (97.6% vs 93.0%, P < 0.001). In addition, other procedural outcomes and incidence of complications except radial artery occlusion were also significantly superior to variation group.

CONCLUSIONSAnatomic variations of the radial artery were common, making up an important limitation in the trans-radial approach. Selection of appropriate instruments and understanding some tips and tricks were helpful to overcome the obstacles and effectively reduce the learning curve.

Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; methods ; Coronary Angiography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radial Artery ; anatomy & histology ; Treatment Outcome