Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a severe infectious disease caused by Ebola virus in humans and primates. The main clinical features are fever and bleeding. The disease was first identified in Zaire and Sudan in Africa in 1976. Since then, it has caused many large-scale epidemics in Africa. One of the largest and most complex Ebola outbreaks in history was the 2014-2016 outbreak in West Africa, which caused more cases and deaths than all previous outbreaks combined. As of 2022, about 35 000 EVD cases and 15 000 deaths have been reported. During the African pandemic, EVD also spread to other regions outside the African continent, such as the Americas and Europe, and became a public health issue of worldwide concern. In Africa, the re-emergence of the disease in Uganda and the Republic of Congo in 2022 has attracted much attention from the world. This article systematically summarizes the history, epidemiological distribution, route of infection, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of Ebola virus disease, so as to provide reference for relevant workers in China.

Objective To explore the application value of CT perfusion imaging for predicting the tiny lymph nodes metastasis and micrometastasis of squamous cell carcinoma in cervix after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Methods The clinical data and CT perfusion parameters of 46 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery were enrolled in the study.Based on the surgical pathology findings and short-term follow up,the cases were divided into without tiny lymph nodes metastasis (short axle diameter of lymph nodes＜10 mm) group (n=32) and with tiny lymph nodes metastasis group (n=14).All perfusion data were analyzed retrospectively and the diagnostic value were investigated.Results Blood flow (BF),blood volume (BV) and the maximum diameter of tumor per-chemotherapy in with tiny lymph nodes metastasis group were higher than those in without tiny lymph nodes metastasis group (all P＜0.05).The differences of the maximum diameter of tumor after chemotherapy,permeability,time to peak (TTP) between two groups were not statistically significant (all P＞0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed BF and the maximum diameter of tumor per-chemotherapy were independent predictors of the tiny lymph nodes metastasis in cervix after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.ROC showed BF (AUC=0.86,P＜0.001,95％CI [0.75,0.96]) had higher predictive value than maximum diameter of tumor per-chemotherapy (AUC=0.70,P=0.02,95 ％ CI [0.54,0.88]).Conclusion CT perfusion imaging shows the significant predictive value for the tiny lymph nodes metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma in cervix after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Brain Edema ; prevention & control ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; prevention & control ; Progesterone ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To explore the value of? red blood cell distribution width (RDW) changes in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) prognosis by analysing relationship between red blood cell distribution width, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Methods 140 hospitalized patients with AMI were selected from May 2014 to October 2014 and devided into 2 groups. 70 patients without heart failure were AMI1 group and the other 70 patients with heart failure were AMI2 group. 70 cases of healthy persons were selected as control group. RDW was compared between three groups and the relationship between the level of RDW, cTnI and hs-CRP was analyzed. Evaluating value of RDW in predicting heart failure in AMI patients by using univariate logistic regression analysis and ROC curve analysis. Results In the comparison of AMI1 group, AMI2 group and control group, either of RDW, cTnI and hs-CRP showed a trend of increasing (P < 0.01). In the AMI patients , RDW level and cTnI level were positive correlation , and there was no linear correlation between RDW level and hs-CRP level. RDW≥14.55% was the independent risk factors in predicting heart failure in patients with AMI. Conclusion RDW≥14.55% can be an available independent predictor of the prognosis of AMI.

OBJECTIVETo observe morphological changes of enteric nervous system (ENS)-interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC)-smooth muscle cell (SMC) structure injury in deep muscle nerve plexus offunctional dyspepsia (FD) rats, and the repair of Shuwei Decoction (SD) on it, and to explore its effecton FD.

METHODSTotally 72 rats were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, the lowdose SD group, the medium dose SD group, and the high dose SD group, the Mosapride group, 12 ineach group. Rats in the low dose SD group, the medium dose SD group, and the high dose SD group were intragastrically fed with SD at 0.767, 1.534, 3.068 g/mL, respectively. Rats in the Mosapride group were intragastrically fed with Mosapride (1.37 mg/kg). FD rat model with Gan depression Pi deficiency syndrome (GDPDS) was established using complex pathogenic factors. Corresponding liquors were respectively administered to rats in corresponding groups from the 3rd day after modeling. Distilled water(10 mL/kg) was administered to rats in the control group and the model group, once per day for 14 successive days. Rats were sacrificed and small intestine tissues collected for observing ENS-ICC-SMC structure injury using immunofluorescence double labeling, laser scanning confocal microscope, and transmission electron microscope at day 15. Repair of SD on it was also observed.

RESULTSENS-ICC SMC structure was incomplete, with obvious injury in mutual link of ICC, ICC, SMC, and connecting structure. ENS-ICC-SMC structure was more complete in high, medium, and low dose SD groups, with close link of ICC and SMO. Their connecting structures were in good conditions.

CONCLUSIONSD could keep the integrity of ENS-ICC-SMC structure by promoting regeneration and morphology of ICC, thereby, improving gastrointestinal movement disorder and showing therapeutic effect on FD.

Animals ; Benzamides ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Dyspepsia ; drug therapy ; Enteric Nervous System ; drug effects ; Interstitial Cells of Cajal ; drug effects ; Morpholines ; pharmacology ; Muscle, Smooth ; drug effects ; Random Allocation ; Rats

Objective To observe the protective effect of progesterone on brain edema in newborn rats with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE).Methods Fifty-two 7-day-old neonatal rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:normol control group(group A),hypoxic-ischemic group (group B) and pretreatment groups(group C,D and E).Rats were subjected to left common carotid artery ligation,then were exposed to 8% oxygen and 92% nitrogen for 2.5 hours to establish HIE model.Progesterone was injected intraperitoneally into the groups C,D and E rats respectively at 30 minutes before hypoxia.All rats were killed at the 24 hours after operations,then the contents of water,sodium,potassium were mensurated. Results The contentation of water in group B was higher than that in group A,the contentation of water,sodium in groups C,D and E were significantly lower compared with group B, but the contents potassium were no difference between group C,E and B. Conclusion Progesterone exerts a prominent preventive and protetive effects on the hypoxic ischemic brain edema in newborn rats.

Objective To investigate the relationship between tumor invasion and changes of mRNA expression of MMP-2, TIMP-2 and CD147 in human pituitary adenoma. Methods 60 patients with pituitary adenoma were devided into two groups, invasive and non-invasive group, by MRI. The expression level of MMP-2,TIMP-2 and CD147 in the samples of pituitary adenoma was measured by semiquantitative reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Pearson analysis was used to reveal the correlation between the expression of each marker. Results The mRNA expression level of MMP-2 and CD147 was significantly higher in invasive pituitary adenoma group than that in non-invasive group (P ＜ 0. 01 ) while the mRNA expression level of TIMP-2was lower in invasive pituitary adenoma group than that in non-invasive group (P ＜0.01 ). According to Pearson analysis, the mRNA expression of MMP-2 was positively correlated with CD147 in invasive pituitary adenoma (r=0. 69, P ＜ 0. 05 ), and M MP-2 was negatively correlated with TIMP-2 in non-invasive pituitary adenoma (r =-0.68, P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions The invasion of human pituitary adenoma are closely related to the low expression level of TIMP-2 as well as the high expression level of MMP-2 and CD147. MMP-2, TIMP-2 and CD147 can be used as indicators of tumor invasion of human pituitary adenoma.

Objective To evaluate the effect of late course hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (LCHSRT) on locally advanced non small cell lung cancer. Methods From October 1997 to June 1999, 106 patients with locally advanced non small cell lung cancer were randomized into conventional radiotherapy group (CRT) and LCHSRT group. Ninety one patients with complete data were analyzed including 43 patients in CRT group and 48 patients in LCHSRT group. In CRT group, 18 patients were staged Ⅲa and 25 Ⅲb; whereas 19 patients were staged Ⅲa and 29 Ⅲb in LCHSRT group. The initial median dose of 43.5?Gy was given in CRT group to the primary tumor, ipsilateral hilum and mediastinum using AP PA fields with 1.8 2.0?Gy per fraction, then 21.7?Gy was boosted to the residual primary and metastatic regional lymph nodes to the median total dose of 65.2?Gy. In LCHSRT group, after the first 44.4?Gy to the primary tumor, ipsilateral hilar region and mediastinum by AP PA fields with a dose fraction of 1.8 2.0?Gy, noncoplanar arc hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy was delivered to the residual primary and metastatic lymph nodes to the total dose of (22.8?5.5)?Gy with 4 7?Gy per fraction treated every other day. Results The radiation pneumonitis rates were 11.6% and 14.6% in CRT group and LCHSRT group, respectively. The radiation pulmonary fibrosis rates diagnosed by CT scan 6 months after radiotherapy were 48.8% and 66.7% in CRT group and LCHSRT group, respectively. The complete regression (CR) rates evaluated by CT scan 3 months after treatment in CRT and LCHSRT group were 30.2% and 63.5%, respectively ( P

Objective To detect the changes of hemodynamics in patients with portal vein embolization (PVE) before surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma, and analyze the relationship between hemodynamics and liver hypertrophy. Methods The clinical data of 21 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma who were admitted to the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital from April 2008 to December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.Relevant hemodynamic variables were detected and analyzed before and 3, 7, 14 days after PVE. Data were processed using Student t test or linear correlation analysis. Results The main portal vein pressure after PVE was (25.9 ± 4.1 ) cm H2O ( 1 cm H2O = 0.098 kPa), which was ( 3.5 ± 2.5 ) cm H2O higher than that before PVE [( 22.4 ± 4.1 ) cm H2O] ( t = - 6. 504, P ＜ 0.05 ). The blood flow velocity in the non-embolized branch of portal vein increased after PVE, and reached peak [(26 ±9)cm/s] at the seventh day after PVE. A positive correlation was found between the hypertrophic rate of the non-embolized lobes and the ratio of embolized lobes to total liver volume ( r = 0. 593, P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion Greater scope of the embolized vascular bed of portal vein induces higher hypertrophic rate of non-embolized liver.

BACKGROUND:Traditionally, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was used to evaluate exercise response of patients with asthma; however, patients obviously had panting after exercise, so FEV1 was affected commonly. Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is a new technique for measuring respiratory impedance that do not require maximal inspiration and forced expiration.OBJECTIVE: To study airway resistance with IOS before and after exercise in healthy and asthmatic patients and investigate the significance of exercise excitation and IOS assessment.DESIGN: Synchronically non-randomized case contrast study.SETTING: Department of Respiratory Medicine, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 14 male patients with bronchial asthma who were regarded as the asthmatic group were selected from Department of Respiratory Medicine of Shanghai East Hospital from January to October 2006. They were in a clinical stationary phase. Another 14 male healthy subjects were selected as the control group and ages of all subjects ranged from 29 to 50 years. All subjects provided the confirmed consent.METHODS: IOS was used to measure basic value of respiratory resistance, and then subjects underwent exercise challenge. Nose of subjects was clipped breathing through mouth. Within 3-4 minutes, heart rate was increased to 90% and maintained for 6 minutes during challenge. Respiratory resistance was repeatedly measured at 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after exercise, including airway hyperresponse (AHR), total respiratory resistance, central resistance, peripheral resistance and resonance frequency at 5, 20 and 35 Hz of pulse frequency, elasrtic resistance and inertia resistance (X5 and X35) at 5 and 10 Hz of pulse frequency. In addition, difference of AHR at 5 and 35 Hz was calculated, and change ratios of both Rcentral and Rperipheral were calculated as (highest value after exercise-baseline value)/baseline value × 100%.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Basic value of respiratory resistance by using IOS and exercise challenge test.RESULTS: All 14 patients with bronchial asthma and 14 healthy subjects were involved in the final analysis. Peripheral resistance (Rperiphera) was significantly higher than central resistance (Rcentral) in asthmatic patients (P ＜ 0.01). The maximal increase of respiratory impedance occurred from 5 minutes to 10 minutes after exercise in asthmatics. Resonance frequency (Fres) of asthmatics before and after exercise was significantly increased than that of controls (P ＜ 0.01).Change ratios of Fres from asthmatics were higher than that from control group (P ＜ 0.01). After challenge, R5, R5-R20,Zrespir and X5 from asthmatics changed significantly than that from controls (P ＜ 0.01). The increment change value of After exercise Zrespir increased significantly, because obstruction of small bronchi during expiration and impedance increased abruptly. Air trapping was expressed in VT-Zrespir graph in 57.1% patients. There was no difference in the VT-Zrespir graph of controls before and after exercise.CONCLUSION: The main site of airflow obstruction was in small airways in asthmatics after exercise challenge. The general acceptance of IOS method was good among the asthmatic patients. The airway response of exercise challenge may be assessed more accurately with IOS that do not require a maximal inspiration and forced expiration.