AIM: To evaluate the effects of glycemic control on refraction in diabetic patients. METHODS: Twenty newly diagnosed diabetic patients were included in this study. The random blood glucose, HbA1c levels, fasting C-peptide and postprandial 2h C-peptide were measured before treatment. The patients with random blood glucose higher than 12.0mmol/L and HbA1c level higher than 10.0% were selected. Refraction, intraocular pressure, radius of the anterior corneal curvature, depth of the anterior chamber, lens thickness, vitreous length, and axial length were measured on admission and at the end of week 1, 2, 3 and 4 during glycemic control.RESULTS: A transient hyperopic change occurred in all the patients receiving glycemic control. The maximum hyperopic change was 1.60D (range 0.50±3.20D). Recovery of the previous refraction occurred between two and four weeks after insulin treatment. There was a positive correlation between the maximum hyperopic changes and the HbA1c levels on admission (r=0.84, P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between the maximum hyperopic changes and the daily rate of blood glucose reduction over the first 7 days of the treatment (r=0.53, P<0.05). During transient hyperopia, no significant changes were observed in the intraocular pressure, radius of the anterior corneal curvature, depth of the anterior chamber, lens thickness, vitreous length and axial length.CONCLUSION: Transient hyperopic changes occur after glycemic control in diabetic patients with severe hyperglycemia. The degrees of transient hyperopia are highly dependent on HbA1c levels before treatment and the rate of reduction of the blood glucose level.

Objective To evaluate effects of glycemic control on refraction in diabetic patients.Methods Twenty newly diagnosed diabetic patients were included in this study. The random blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin A1c( HbA1c) levels, fasting C-peptide and postprandial 2 h C-peptide levels were measured before treatment. The patients with random blood glucose ≥ 12. 0 mmol/L and HbA1c ≥ 10. 0%were selected. Refraction, intraocular pressure, radius of the anterior corneal curvature, depth of the anterior chamber, lens thickness, vitreous length, and axial length were measured on admission and at the end of week 1,2, 3 and 4 during glycaemic control. Results A transient hyperopic change occurred in all the patients receiving glycemic control with a mean maximum hyperopic changes of 1.6 D ( 0. 50 D ～ 3.20 D). There was a positive correlation between the magnitude of the maximum hyperopic changes and the HbA1 c levels on admission ( r = 0.84, P ＜ 0.05 ). There was a positive correlation between the magnitude of the maximum hyperopic changes and the daily rate of blood glucose reduction over the first 7 days of the treatment ( r = 0.53, P ＜ 0.05 ). There was no significant correlation between the magnitude of the maximum hyperopic changes and the levels of random blood glucose on admission. No significant correlation was observed between the maximum hyperopic changes and fasting C-peptide or postprandial 2 h C-peptide.There were no significant correlations between the magnitude of the maximum hyperopic changes and age,blood press, body mass index, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein or high-density lipoprotein. No significant changes were observed in the intraocular pressure, radius of the anterior corneal curvature, depth of the anterior chamber, lens thickness, vitreous length and axial length during glycemic control. Conclusions Transient hyperopic changes occur after glycemic control in diabetic patients with severe hyperglycaemia. The degrees of transient hyperopia are highly dependent on HbA1c levels before treatment and the rate of reduction of glucose level over the first 7 days of treatment. This is probably due to the decrease of refractive power by lens hydration, not morphological change of lens.

Objective To investigate the role of microRNA-490-5p (miR-490-5p) in the regulation of visceral sensitivity in rats with intestinal dysfunction.Methods The lentivirus vector system was used to construct the rno-miRNA-490-5p lentivirus expression vector.The rats were divided into normal group,diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) group,lentivirus empty vector group and the siRNA silent group and the latter three groups were model groups.The efficiency of siRNA was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The rats were gavaged with 10％ India ink,and then the time of first black stool,water content of feces and threshold of expansion capacity caused abdominal elevation or back arching were calculated.The visceral sensitivity of rats after miRNA-490-5p silenced was evaluated with abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score by stimulating with different intensities of colonic dilatation.The abdominal electrical activity of rats stimulated by colonic distension was measured by BL-420F biological and functional experimental system.The change of the tension of rats isolated colon intestinal stimulated with acetylcholine chloride was also detected by BL-420F biological and functional experimental system.T test was used to compare the differences between the model groups and the normal group.One way analysis of variance was performed for multi-group comparison after miRNA-490-5p interfered.For comparison between two groups among multiple groups,least significant difference (LSD) method was used when the variance was equal,and Games-Howell method was used when the variance was unequal.Results The gastrointestinal propulsion time and the threshold of expansion capacity caused abdominal elevation or back arching of model groups were both lower than those of the normal group ((8.54±4.07) hvs (12.33±2.23) h,(0.56±0.08) mL vs (0.84±0.09) mL),and the differences were statistically significant (t =2.62 and 6.37,both P ＜ 0.05).After distension with 0.8 mL and 1.2 mL sodium chloride solution,the AWR scores of model groups were significantly higher than those of the normal group (3.20±0.56 vs 1.20±0.45,3.73±0.46 vs 2.60±0.55),and the differences were statistically significant (t=7.20 and 4.58,both P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in AWR score between the model groups and the normal group when distended with 1.6 mL sodium chloride solution (3.93 ±0.26 vs 3.80 ± 0.45) (P＞0.05).After miRNA-490-5p silenced,gastrointestinal propulsion time of normal group,IBS-D group,lentivirus empty vector group and the siRNA silent group was (11.12±1.01) h,(6.23±3.17) h,(6.09 ± 2.26) h and (12.36±1.97) h,and the differences among four groups were statistically significant (F=10.55,P＜0.01).The abdominal electrical activity of normal group,IBS-D group,lentivirus empty vector group and the siRNA silent group distension stimulated with 0.8 mL and 1.2 mL sodium chloride solution was (64.91 ± 10.50),(101.79 ±11.73),(80.49±1.27),(66.92±3.24) μV,and (105.09±52.40),(131.71± 16.74),(111.00±6.41) and (95.49± 4.2) μV,and the differences among four groups were statistically significant (F=16.82 and 9.14,both P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in abdominal electrical activity amplitude between silenced group and normal group ((66.92±3.24) μV vs (64.91±10.49) μV and (95.49±4.22) μV vs (105.09±2.40) μV) (all P＞ 0.05).After distension with 1.6 mL sodium chloride solution,the abdominal electrical activity amplitudeof silenced group was lower than the other groups,and the differences were statistically significant (F=11.09,P＜0.01).After adding 1∶1 000 acetylcholine chloride added,the tension of colon of normal group,IBS-D group,lentivirus empty vector group and the siRNA silent group increased by 0.71 ± 0.21,0.81±0.06,0.88±0.21 and 0.43±0.07,however there was no significant difference among the four groups (F=2.57,P =0.100).Conclusions Visceral hypersensitivity existed in rats with intestinal dysfunction.miRNA-490-5p may be involved in the regulation of visceral sensitivity.

Objective:To explore the effect of extracorporeal shock wave combined with meloxicam tablets on joint function and serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and resistin levels in elderly patients with osteoarthritis.Methods:80 cases of elderly patients with osteoarthritis in Nanchong Central Hospital from May 2016 to March 2019 were selected as the research objects, and they were randomly divided into two groups, 40 cases in each group. The control group was given conventional oral medicine (meloxicam + potassium glucosamine sulfate tablets), and the observation group was given meloxicam tablets combined with extracorporeal shock wave therapy. The total effective rate, incidence of adverse reactions, and the scores of osteoarthritis symptoms (WOMCA), joint function (Lysholm), serum MMP-9 and resistin before and after 8 weeks' treatment were compared between the two groups.Results:After treatment, the WOMCA score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and Lysholm score was higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05); the total effective rate of the observation group (95.00%) was higher than of the control group (77.50%) ( P<0.05); the serum resistin and MMP-9 levels of the observation group were lower than those of the control group after treatment ( P<0.05); there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the observation group (15.00%) and the control group (17.50%) ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Extracorporeal shock wave combined with meloxicam tablets in the treatment of elderly patients with osteoarthritis can significantly improve the clinical symptoms, promote the recovery of joint function, reduce the levels of serum resistin and MMP-9, and further improve the treatment effect with high safety.

Objective To provide experimental basis for the identification of Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia fruits and V. negundo fruits by comparative study. Methods The original plant identification, morphological identification, microscopic identification, TLC and HPLC identification were adopted to distinguish the two kinds of materials. Results It is difficult to tell the difference of these two medicinal fruits in term of original plant identification and morphological identification to their similarity, while microscopic identification, TLC and HPLC identification revealed that the characteristics of sclereid could be used to distinguish these two fruits. Conclusion Microscopic identification on the sclereid characteristics of fruits powder, combined with TLC and HPLC identification can be the feasible method that used to distinguish V. negundo fruits and V. negundo var. cannabifolia fruits.

Objective To observe hepatocellular apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines expression and their mechanisms after paraquat poisoning in rat.Methods Forty Wistar rats were divided into control group (n =8) and model group (n =32) by random number table.Rats in model group were intraperitoneally injected with 30 mg/kg 20％ paraquat concentrate,while those in control group were injected with normal saline.0.5,1,3,7 days after reproduction of the model,8 rats were sacrificed,and blood was collected from inferior vena cava and hepatic tissue was harvested.The serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1 β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The mRNA expressions of IL-1β,TNF-α,inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and p53 were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Cysteine-containing aspartate-specific proteases (caspase-3,-8,-9,-12) activity in hepatic tissue was determined on the 3rd day with chromogenic substrate method.The liver histopathological changes were observed after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.Results In model group,hepatic tissue showed extensive necrosis with inflammatory cell infiltration in time dependant manner.Serum IL-1β and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in model group half a day after reproduction than those in control group [IL-1β (ng/L):220.13 ± 69.74 vs.0.14 ± 0.03,TNF-α (ng/L):102.66 ± 26.43 vs.0.16 ± 0.02,P＜ 0.01 and P＜0.05],and peaked on the 3rd day and 1st day [IL-1β:(423.72 ± 153.11) ng/L,TNF-α:(690.35 ± 229.64) ng/L].They then decreased gradually,but were still significantly higher than those in control group on the 7th day [IL-1 β:(357.47 ± 87.28) ng/L,TNF-α:(12.39 ± 5.06) ng/L,both P＜0.05].The contents of IL-1β,TNF-α and iNOS mRNA expressions in hepatic tissue were significantly higher than those in control group,and the highest values were seen on the 1st day,the 1st day,and the 3rd day [IL-1β mRNA (gray value):1.569 ± 0.057 vs.0.123 ± 0.016,TNF-α mRNA (gray value):0.683 ± 0.077 vs.0.261 ± 0.025,iNOS mRNA (gray value):3.259 ± 0.135 vs.0.002 ±0.001,P＜0.05 or P＜0.01].There was no difference in p53 mRNA expression between model group and control group at early stage,and both of them showed low expression,and p53 mRNA expression was significantly higher in model group on the 7th day (gray value:2.959 ± 0.086 vs.0.263 ± 0.032,P＜0.01).In model group,caspase activity (pmol/mg) in liver tissue were significantly higher on the 3rd day than those in control group (caspase-3:857.25 ± 309.26 vs.169.73 ± 48.21,caspase-8:199.18 ± 61.41 vs.32.26 ± 11.09,caspase-9:321.62 ± 80.73 vs.90.38 ± 29.76,caspase-12:413.13 ± 89.77 vs.26.73 ± 9.86,all P＜0.01).Conclusion Paraquat can cause acute liver injury in rats,with caspase-3,-8,-9,-12 activities markedly enhanced,and liver injury may be associated with an early high expression of TNF-α,iNOS and p53 gene.

OBJECTIVETo study the mechanism and applicability of Bite-bumper combined with fixed appliance in treatment of lingual tipping deep bite.

METHODS14 children aged 12-16 years old with lingual tipping deep bite participated in the experiment. Bite-bumper combined with fixed appliance was used to correct the deep bite. Clinic effect was observed. Lateral cephalograms were taken before treatment and after bite opening. The related hard tissues were estimated through the cephalograms.

RESULTS1) The average duration for bite-opening with Bite-bumper and fixed appliance of 14 patients was 28 days. 2) After bite-opening, the changes in length direction of jaw (SNA, SNB, ANB) had no statistical variances. Anterior and posterior facial height (S-Go, ANS-Me) were increased. No significant changes were observed in the ratio of posterior facial height to anterior facial height (S-Go/N-Me), angle of mandibular plane (SN-MP) and Y axis. Labial incline in upper and lower incisors (U1-SN, L1-MP) and interincisa angle (U1-L1) were decreased. The posterior teeth (U6-PP, L6-MP) were extruded and the upper incisors (U1-PP) were intruded. The overbite was decreased.

CONCLUSIONBite-bumper combined with fixed appliance can be used effectively for deep bite correction and improve the short face of patients with lingual tripping deep overbite.

Cephalometry ; Child ; Dental Occlusion ; Humans ; Incisor ; Malocclusion, Angle Class II ; Mandible ; Overbite ; Tooth ; Tooth Movement Techniques

Applications of network pharmacology are increasingly widespread and methods abound in the field of drug development and pharmacological research. In this study, we choose rosiglitazone compound as the object to predict the targets and to discuss the mechanism based on three kinds of prediction methods of network pharmacology. Comparison of the prediction result has identified that the three kinds of prediction methods had their own characteristics: targets and pathways predicted were not in accordance with each other. However, the calcium signaling pathway could be predicted in the three kinds of methods, which associated with diabetes and cognitive impairment caused by diabetes by bioinformatics analysis. The above conclusion indicates that the calcium signaling pathway is important in signal pathway regulation of rosiglitazone compound, which provides a clue to further explain the mechanism of the compound and also provides a reference for the selection and application of methods of network pharmacology in the actual research.
Calcium Signaling ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; Computational Biology ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Pharmacology ; methods ; Thiazolidinediones ; pharmacology

This study was aimed to observe renoprotective effect and possible mechanism on Y i-Shui Sheng-Xin Yin in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Sixty 12-week male SHR rats were randomly divided into six groups , which were the Y i-Shui She ng-X in Y in low-dose group , middle-dose group , high-dose group , Benazepril group , model group and blank control group , and ten rats for each group . The SHR rats were sacrificed after eight weeks . The urine microalbumin , blood urea nitrogen and cystatin were tested in each rat . The HE and Masson staining method were used to observe changes of renal pathology . Changes of expression of transforming growth factor-β1 ( TGF-β1 ) , connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) , FN were detected by immunohistochemistry . The results showed that compared with the blank control group , blood pressure in model group was associated with a significant rise after 8 weeks. Compared with the model group, blood pressure in the Yi-Shui Sheng-Xin Yin middle-dose group, high-dose group and Benazepril group significantly decreased. Compared with the blank control group , urine microalbumin , blood urea nitrogen and cystatin in model group were associated with a significant rise . Compared with the model group , urine microalbumin , blood urea nitrogen and cystatin in the Y i-Shui She ng-X in Y in middle-dose group , high-dose group and Benazepril group significantly decreased . Pathological examinations showed that pathological changes in model group were faster than all drug-groups , appeared pathological changes of glomerular hypertrophy , glomerular basement membrane thickening of heterogeneity and extensive vacuoles degeneration . Immunohistochemical staining showed that compared with the blank control group , expressions of TGF-β1 , CTGF and FN of rat kidney tissue in model group were obviously up-regulated ( P < 0 . 05 ) . Compared with the model group , expressions of TGF-β1 , CTGF and FN in the Y i-Shui She ng-X in Y in , middle-dose group , high-dose group and Benazepril group were down-regulated ( P < 0 . 05 ) . It was concluded that Y i-Shui She ng-X in Y in can reduce SHR rats' early renal glomerulosclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis , which play roles of delaying the progress of hypertension and protecting kidney . Its mechanism of action may be related to TGF-β1 , CTGF , FN signal pathways .

Purpose To study the reversal effect on multidrug resistance (MDR) by TNF-α gene combined with verapamil (VRP) or tamoxifen (TAM). Methods By using recombinant retrovirus vector, TNF-α gene was transfected into multidrug-resistant human breast cancer cell line MCF7/ADR. The TNF-α secreting cell clone MCF7/ADR-TNF was obtained by G418 screening. The integrating and secreting of TNF-α were analyzed by PCR and ELISA. MTT assay and formula"I = d/D1 + d/D2" were used to evaluate the reversal effect of multidmg resistance with TNF-α gene combined with verapamil or tamoxifen. ResultsThe level of TNF-α secreted by MCF7/ADR-TNF was 1 737 pg/ml (106cells/48 h). Compared with control,the resistance to ADR of MCF7/ADR-TNF was reversed by 1.6 times. The reversal effect produced by combination of TNF-α gene and VRP was antagonistic. The combination of TNF-α gene and TAM produced synergic effect (interaction index I = 0.64). ConclusionsTNF-α gene combined with TAM has synergic effect on reversing MDR.