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Along with the gradual implementation in legislative work of traditional Chinese medicine,the acupuncture education in Australia has rapidly developed.This paper will examine the history of acupuncture in Australia,laws and regulations of acupuncture education in Australia and the Australian acupuncture education system.It will also demonstrate on how the legislation of traditional Chinese medicine has promoted the development of acupuncture education in Australia.

Objective To analyze the relationship between autism children and their familial factors,perinatal period high risk factors,blood lead level.Methods Familial factors,perinatal period high risk factors were investigated by autism risk factors questionnaire on 35 autism children diagnosed by diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder(DSM-Ⅳ,4th ed) and 35 age and sex-matched healthy children;blood lead level were detected by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.Results Maternal drug-taken history in pregnancy,neonatal asphyxia,neonatal jaundice and other factors were significantly related to children autism(Pa

Objective To evaluate the application value of detachable balloon in today's interventional neuroradiology. Methods 38 cases with vascular lesion in the area of cranial cervical region ( 26 cases with CCF, 3 with giant aneurysm in the cavernous segment of internal carotid artery, one with fusiform aneurysm in internal carotid artery, and 8 with AVF in the area of cranial cervical) were treated by detachable balloon for embolizing the shunt or scrificing the lesion ipsilateral internal carotid artery. Results All 38 cases were cured without complication and sequeulae. Of them, anatomical cure was aquired in 21 cases, lesion cure in 17 cases. Conclusions Detachable balloon is still the first choice of embolization material in today's endovascular therapy of some vascular lesions in the area of cranial cervical region.

0.05).5.The clinical symptoms of hMPV infection could not be discriminated from the infection of other common respiratory viruses.Conclusion The acute respiratory-tract infections among children of Xi'an city are associated with cough and fever are major clinical symptoms.

Objective To explore the safety and efficiency of patients with impacted upper ureter calculus combined with renal intrarenal infection treated by ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy (URL ) and minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) .Methods 126 cases of impacted upper ureteral calculi combined with renal intrarenal infection were treated in this hos-pita1 from July 2007 to July 2011 ,including 58 cases of URL ,68 cases of MPCNL .The success rate of primary lithotripsy ,stone-free rate ,postoperative adjuvant therapy ,operative time ,hospital stay ,incidence of postoperative complications and other data were analyzed .Results The success rate of group URL was 82 .76% (48/58) ,the success rate of group MPCNL was 100 .00% .The stone-free rate seven day after operation :URL was 62 .07% (36/58) ,MPCNL was 98 .53% (67/68)(P<0 .05) .The stone-free rate was 100 .00% in MPCNL group and 81 .03% in URL group one month After operation(P<0 .05) .In MPCNL group ,the rate of adjuvant ESWL was 1 .47% ,significantly lower than 37 .93% in URL group(P<0 .05) .In URL group the operative time (65 .34 ± 26 .72)min and hospital stay(4 .54 ± 1 .87)d were significantly shorter than those (96 .32 ± 30 .94)min and(7 .62 ± 1 .93)d in URL group(P<0 .05) .After the operation ,in MPCNL group ,6 patients developed high fever ,in URL group ,5 patients had high fever (P<0 .05) .Culture of blood after operation found 3 patients and 2 patients in MPCNL group and URL group were positive(P<0 .05) .There were no significant differences in the rates of hemoglobin decline between the two groups (P>0 .05) .Conclusion It has higher successful rate and stone-free rate in patients with upper ureter calculus combined with renal intrarenal infection by MPCNL than those treated by URL .The safety and efficency of the former is better that of the latter .MPCNL can be the first choice for the upper ureter calculus combined with renal intrarenal infection .

Objective To investigate the nursing points of endoscopic full-covered self-expanding removable metal stents (FCSERMS) implantation for bile duct anastomotic strictures after liver transplantation. Methods The clinical data of patients who were treated by endoscopic full-covered self-expanding removable metal stents implantation for bile duct anastomotic strictures after liver transplantation from January 2013 to July 2015 were retrospectively analyzed, and the nursing process were summarized. Results The group of 9 patients were successfully placed and removed with FCSERMS. There was no postoperative complication, such as stent migration, acute pancreatitis, biliary bleeding and intestinal leakage. All the bile duct strictures were relieved after FCSERMS removement. Followed up for 10-32 months, there was no symptom and sign of bile duct anastomotic stricture recurrent. Conclusions The key in nursing points of FCSERMS implantation for bile duct anastomotic strictures after liver transplantation are introducing the function of FCSERMS and therapeutic process to improve patient compliance, mastering the endoscopic operations, the placement and removal method of FCSERMS to short operation time, strengthening postoperative nasal bile duct care, paying attention to the observation, detection and treatment of postoperative complications after the metal stent placement and removement, as well as the continuing care during the period between placement and removment of FCSERMS.

Objective To investigate the value and nursing of persistent balloon dilatation for anastomotic stricture after choledochojejunostomy. Methods The clinical data of 14 cases of anastomotic strictures after choledochojejunostomy accepted the treatment of persistent balloon dilatation were analyzed retrospectively. The effect, adverse reactions and approriate nursing were evaluated. Results Five patients were performed with persistent balloon dilatation thorough the output loop of intestine after choledochojejunostomy and 9 patients through percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. There was no hemobilia, bile leak or other serious complications. There were 2 cases of balloon dilatation catheter damage, 5 cases of pressure pump damage and 4 cases of balloon migration with 25.0% (7/28) instrument damage rate and 4 cases of balloon migration. After persistent balloon dilation for 6 to 8 months, no anastomotic stricture was found by choledochoscopic examination. Follow up for 6 to 18 months, 2 cases had recurrent anastomotic stricture. Conclusions Persistent balloon dilatation by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography is a simple, safe and effective method for anastomotic stricture after choledochojejunostomy. In the course of nursing, the balloon catheter and pressure pump damage, and balloon migration should be noted.

To know about the toxicity of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei objectively by reviewing the ancient records of toxicity of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and modern research of its adverse effect.At the same time the reasons of the adverse effect of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei were discussed based on its experiments and clinical practice to provide some reference for its research and reasonable application.

Objective To evaluate the changes of left atrial structure and function in the patients with atrial fibrillation who accepted bi -polar radio frequency current ablation .Methods All patients in our study were divided into three groups including the ones who had accept -ed bipolar radio frequency current ablation because of atrial fibrillation ,the ones who refused to accept ablation operation in despite of atrial fibrillation and the ones who maintained sinus rhythm before operation .All patients accepted TTE before and after operation .Results The rate of transverse diameter change of ablation group (24.24 ±8.67)%was larger than those of other two groups (P<0.05).Left atrial chan-nel capacity volume change rate of ablation group (17.18 ±3.26)%were larger than the values of the group who were suffering atrial fibrilla-tion but refused ablation advice (0.86 ±0.26)(P<0.05).Left atrial total ejection fractions of ablation group (202.41 ±81.59)%were lar-ger than the values of the group who were suffering atrial fibrillation but refused ablation advice (109.53 ±60.91)%( P<0.05) .And its ac-tive ejection fractions(12.18 ±3.48)%,total ejection fractions(41.31 ±8.26)%and so forth were less than the group who maintained si-nus rhythm before operation(21.33 ±5.61)%,(45.05 ±7.37)%,respectively (P<0.05).Left atrial posterior wall center and cardiac basal segment strain(14.34 ±9.47)%,(13.20 ±8.38)%,respectively,and strain rate values after operation of ablation group were less than other segments .Conclusion Left atrial structure remodeling inversion was not obviously 3~6 months after bipolar radio frequency cur-rent ablation .And at the same time ,the improvement of left atrial storage function was not obviously compared with the group who refused ab -lation advice,left atrial channel function compensation degree descended obviously left atrial co -pumping function in ablation group increased obviously,left atrial posterior wall center and cardiac basal segment systolic and distolic function were less than other segments of left .