The early diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma is difficult, and the prognosis is poor. The molecular mechanisms underlying the development, growth and metastatic spread of biliary tract cancers are still unclear. The increase in worldwide incidence and mortality of cholangiocarcinoma justifies the impellent need to clarify the intracellular mechanisms triggering the malignant transformation of the biliary epithelium and growth of biliary malignancies. A more complete characterization of the molecular pathology of bile duct cancers could lead to the identification of valid targets for diagnosis and therapy of these devastating malignancies. This review describes the scientific progress made over the past years with regard to the understanding of the molecular processes of cholangiocarcinogenesis.

Objective To study the sensitivity and specificity of oligoclonal bands (OCBs) and intrathecal IgG synthesis rate (IgG Syn) for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the correlation between qualitative and quantitative indices.Methods Albumin and IgG concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum from 30 patients with MS, 40 with other nervous system inflammatory diseases (NID) and 22 with nervous system noninflammatory diseases (NNID) were determined by rate nephelometry method. OCBs in the CSF were detected using isoelectric focusing combined with silver staining, and IgG Syn was calculated. The sensitivity, specificity and positive result likelihood ratio (PRLR) were analyzed.Results There were no significant difference in the abnormal rate of OCBs and IgG Syn between MS group and NID group. When MS and NID groups were compared with NNID group, the difference was extremely significant (all P

The authors summarized the problems and experiences of the survey on the oral health among people with disability in Zigong city of Sichuan province in 2007,in order to provide some references for the further oral health survey.

Female ; Genes, p53 ; immunology ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Ovary ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; immunology ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) ; Proto-Oncogenes ; immunology ; Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor ; genetics ; pathology ; ras Proteins ; immunology ; metabolism

Professor XIA Shouren is a famous acupuncture master in China and has devoted his life to clinical practice, teaching and scientific study of TCM. In his 50 years of medical career, he has studied Chinese and western medicine, innovated ancient masters' experiences, adhered to the theory of "less but highly-effective needling", specified at genjie points and deeply explored the specificity of acupoints. Additionally, the acupuncture stfudy has been firstly conducted in the diagnosis and treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in China and his own unique academic thought has been formed. Professor XIA Shouren makes the contribution to the theory, practice and inheritance of acupuncture and moxibustion.
Acupuncture ; education ; history ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Male

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; metabolism ; therapeutic use ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; immunology ; metabolism ; physiology ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; methods ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; immunology ; metabolism ; physiology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Proteins ; immunology ; metabolism ; physiology

Objective To research in correlations between occupational pressure,social support and subjective well-being,in order to explore effective ways to reduce the occupational pressure.Methods Nurses from a certain grade 2A hospital in Wuhan were selected as research objects.Questionnaires were used to investigate the correlations between occupational pressure,social support and subjective well-being.Results Nurses endured a high level burden.The subjective well-being of nurses was negatively correlated with occupational pressure,the higher the occupational pressure,the lower the subjective well-being.The subjective well-being of nurses was positively correlated with social support.The occupational pressure and social support could predict the subjective well-being of nurses.Conclusions There exists potential relationships between occupational pressure,social support and subjective well-being of nurses.This results supports evidence for nursing managers to cultivation and management of nurses,which is helpful to establish effective nursing manage-ment measures.

Objective To describe the status and analyze the influencing factors of nurses' compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction in a certain tertiary hospital,which may provide evidences for the emotional management of nurses by nursing managers.Methods A cross-sectional survey was used in this study and 246 nurses were recruited totally.They investigated about compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction by questionnaires.Results The average score of nurses' compassion fatigue was (30.76± 5.61)points.The average score of nurses' compassion satisfaction was (25.68±4.12)points.There was a significant difference for nurses' compassion fatigue in various wards,and ICU nurses had the top score.There were no significant differences for nurses' compassion satisfaction.Conclusions The nurses' compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction in this hospital was relatively moderate.ICU nurses' compassion fatigue score was higher than other wards.Education background,professional title,relationship with colleagues,extra work,support from leaders and family members,wards,education background and relationship with colleagues were the influencing factors of nurses' compassion satisfaction score.

Objective To observe the expression of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b) in pterygium and normal conjunctiva specimens,and clarify the role of NLRP3 in the development of pterygium.Methods Specimens from 20 cases of pterygium and 6 cases of normal eonjunctival were analyzed for establishing the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1b by immune-histochemistry.The level of caspase-1 and pro-caspase-1 protein were analyzed by Westernblot,gene expression of interleukin-18 (IL-18) was detected by RT-PCR.Results NLRP3 was not expressed in normal conjunctival epithelial cells,but was positive in the basal part of pterygium;IL-1was not expressed in normal conjunctival tissues,but was positive in pterygium.There was no significant difference about the expression of Procaspase-1 in normal conjunctiva and pterygium (P ＞ 0.05),However,caspase-1,also known as the active form of pro-caspase-1 expressed in pterygiun was higher than that in normal conjunctiva(P ＜ 0.05).The average level of IL-18 in 20 cases of pterygium was significantly higher than that in normal conjunctiva (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion After NLRP3 signaling pathway activating in pterygium tissue,caspase-1,IL-1β and IL-18 are high expression abnormally,suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome and the related signaling pathways may play a role in the progression of pterygium.

Objective To analyze the relationship between autism children and their familial factors,perinatal period high risk factors,blood lead level.Methods Familial factors,perinatal period high risk factors were investigated by autism risk factors questionnaire on 35 autism children diagnosed by diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder(DSM-Ⅳ,4th ed) and 35 age and sex-matched healthy children;blood lead level were detected by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.Results Maternal drug-taken history in pregnancy,neonatal asphyxia,neonatal jaundice and other factors were significantly related to children autism(Pa