Background The objective of this study was to assess the clinical safety and efficacy of vena cava filter (VCF) placement,with particular emphasis on the incidence and risk factors of inferior vena cava thrombosis (VCT) after VCF placement.Methods Clinical data of patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE),with or without placement of VCF,were analyzed in a retrospective single-center audit of medical records from January 2005 to June 2009.The collected data included demographics,procedural details,filter type,indications,and complications.Results A total of 168 cases of VTE (82 with VCF; 86 without VCF) were examined.Over a median follow-up of 24.2months,VCT occurred in 18 of 82 patients with VCFs (11 males,7 females,mean age 55.4 years).In 86 patients without VCFs,VCT occurred in only 6 individuals (4 males,2 females) during the study period.VCT was observed more frequently in patients fitted with VCFs than in those without VCFs (22% vs.7.0%).Conclusions The incidence of VCT in patients with VTE after VCF implantation was 22% approximately.Anticoagulation therapy should be continued for all patients with VCF placement,unless there is a specific contraindication.Almost all instances of VCT in patients with VCF implants in our study occurred after stopping anticoagulation treetment.The use of VCFs is increasing,and more trials are needed to confirm their benefit and accurately assess their safety.

Objective To explore the expression of Survivin in colorectal cancer tissue and its relationship with clinicopathological features.Methods In situ hybridization was used to examine the expression of Survivin mRNA,and immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of Survivin protein in 60 cases of colorectal cancer and 30 cases of colorectal normal mucos tissue.The relationship of the expression of Survivin protein with clinicopathological features of colorectal cancer was analyzed.Results The positive expression rate of Survivin protein in colorectal normal mucos tissue (10.00％,3/30) was lower than that in colorectal cancer tissue (73.33％,44/60),and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The positive expression rate of Survivin mRNA in colorectal normal mucos tissue (6.67％,2/30) was lower than that in colorectal cancer tissue (63.33％,38/60),and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of Survivin mRNA was positively correlated with depth of invasion,lymph node metastasis,liver metastasis,peritoneal micrometastasis and TNM stage in patients with colorectal cancer (P ＜ 0.01),but had no correlation with gender,age,tumor size,location,degree of differentiation and histological type (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The specific high expression of Survivin protein has a high correlation with the occurrence,development,infiltration of colorectal cancer.Survivin may be used as a marker for prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of neuregulin1β (NRG1β) on the learning memory abilities and the neuronal apoptosis and the expressions of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) in experimental Alzheimer's disease model in rats induced with beta-amyloid protein1-40 (Aβ1-40) injection.To explore the mechanisms of NRG in improving the capabilities of learning and memory.MethodsThirty adult healthy male wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (n =10),model group (n =10) and treated group (n =10).Alzheimer's disease models were established by stereotactically injecting Aβ1-40 into the left lateral ventricle,and treated by injecting NRG1β(0.3 μg · kg-1 ) into the right lateral ventricle.The learning and memory abilities of rats were evaluated with Y-electric maze before the experiment and 7 days after making Alzheimer's disease models and 14 days after treatment.HE staining was used to observe the structure of hippocampal neurons.The neuronal apoptosis of hippocampus was investigated by TUNEL assay.The expressions of NFκB in hippocampal neurons were determined with immunohistochemistry technique.ResultsCompared with control group (57.50 ± 1.58,7.20 ±1.03 ),the model group rats ( 59.50 ± 2.79,7.50 ± 1.08 ) showed low cognitive ability ( t =20.36,5.28,P ＜0.05 ),the hippocampal pyramidal cells of rats in the model group were sparse and disturbed pyramidal cells,noticeable neuron loss.The number of neuronal apoptosis and the expressions of NFκB increased significantly than those in control group (P＜0.05).Compared with model group (79.10 ±4.12,4.40 ±0.69),NRG1β strikingly improved cognitive ability ( 67.70 ± 4.90,5.80 ± 0.63 ) and normal cell structure ( t =5.63,4.69,P ＜ 0.05 ).The expressions of NFκB (25.90 ± 6.67 ) reduced while the number of neuronal apoptosis ( 23.50 ± 3.89 ) decreased markablely than those ( 41.10 ±7.95,29.30 ± 7.24) in model group(t =4.63,2.23,P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionNRG1β might decrease the neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting NFκB expressions,so that to improve the learning and memory abilities of experimental dementia rats.

BACKGROUND: Gastrodin (GAS) is widely used as adjuvant therapy for vertigo, headache and hypertension. However, it is recently noticed that GAS might be used as an agent for treating obesity.OBJECTIVE: To set up obese rats of high-fat diet to observe the effects of different concentrations of GAS on body mass and serum metabolite levels and to analyze its possible mechanism.DESIGN: A randomized and controlled animal experiment.SETTING: Institute of Physiology and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University.MATERIALS: This study was performed at the Institute of Physiology and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University and Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pre-clinical Study for New Drugs from June to August in 2007. Forty-four healthy one-week-old male SD rats, weighing (99.57±2.13)g, were purchased from Shanghai SILAIKE Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd. Disposal of animals was in accordance with the animal ethics standards. Basic animal feed was provided by Suzhou Shuangshi Laboratory Animal Feed Science and Technology Co., Ltd. High-fat forage were self-made in the authors' laboratory. Each 100 gram of high-fat forage consisted of basic feed (57.5g), egg yolk powder (11.79g), lard (10g), pig bile salt (0.2g), casein (7g), milk power (13g), salt(0.085g), and yeast powder (0.425g), and the 100 gram of high-fat forage contained of fat (22.07g), protein (23.7g), carbohydrate (39g), and quantity of heat (472.16 calorie). GAS (98% in purity) was purchased from Shaanxi Xuhuang Botanical Science & Technology Development Co., Ltd. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidative capability (T-AOC) kits were purchased from Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjng, Jiangsu Province.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The body mass was measured every seven days. The food intake in each group was monitored in every morning. At the end of the experiment, femoral artery blood samples were collected to determine the blood glucose, the serum levels of MDA, T-AOC, Insulin, free fatty acid (FFA), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and blood lipid profile. Insulin resistance index (IRI) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were calculated as IRI=(FBG×FINS)/22.5 and ISI=1/(FINS×FBG).RESULTS: All 44 rats were included in the final analysis. Body mass: The body mass in the HFFC group was significantly higher than in the NC group from 4th-8th weeks (P＜0.01), while the body mass in GAS groups was lower compared to HFFC group (P＜0.05-0.01). There were no significant differences among the GAS-H, GAS-M, and GAS-L groups (P＞0.05). Therefore, GAS had no dose-dependent relationship in inhibiting the body mass of obese rats of high-fat diet. Caloric intake: The caloric intake was significantly higher in the HFFC group than in the NC group (P＜0.01), and was significantly decreased in GAS group compared to NFFC group from the 4th week (P＜0.05-0.01). Serum levels of MDA, T-AOC, GPT and GOT: The serum level of T-AOC was decreased and that of MDA, GPT were increased significantly in the HFFC group compared with NC group (P＜0.01, P＜0.05). In the GAS-L group, T-AOC, level was significantly increased and MDA level was significantly decreased compared to HFFC group (both P＜0.01). Levels of blood glucose and insulin: In the HFFC group, blood glucose level and IRI were significantly increased, and ISI was obviously decreased compared to NC group (P＜0.05-0.01). In the GAS-L group, blood glucose level and IRI were significantly decreased, and ISI was significantly increased compared to HFFC group (P＜0.05-0.01). FFA and lipoprotein cholesterol levels: In the HFFC group, FFA and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were increased and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was decreased compared to NC group (P＜0.05-0.01).CONCLUSION: GAS may play an important role in inhibiting rats' body mass of high-fat diet. The mechanism of action may be related to GAS regulating the metabolism of blood glucose and FFA, improving IRI and elevating T-AOC.

Objective: To study the molecular mechanism of chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 2(CCT2), a new downstream substrate of platelet derived growth factor receptor α(PDGFRα), in tumorigenesis. Methods: Non-small cell lung cancer cell line H1703 was used. Western blotting was used to measure the phosphorylation of CCT2 upon PDGFRα inhibitor Gleevec treatment and PDGF stimulation. H1703 cells were divided into siCon group, siPDGFRα group and siCCT2 group; 48 h later, cell number counting was used to test the effect of CCT2 on cell growth after siRNA transfection. H1703 cells were divided into siCon group, siPDGFRα group, siAKT group and siCCT2 group; Western blotting was used to measure the protein level of PDGFRα and PARP. Cell fractionation was used to detect the cellular localization of CCT2 and co-immunoprecipitation was used to test the interaction between CCT2 and PDGFRα. Results: CCT2 phosphorylation was inhibited by Gleevec and induced by PDGF. Compared to the control group, the number of cells transfected by siCCT2 reduced by 30% (P=0.006). The protein level of PDGFRα was also decreased in siCCT2 transfected cells, whereas the cleavage of PARP was increased. CCT2 was localized in both cytoplasmic and membrane fractions and interacted with PDGFRα directly. Conclusion: CCT2 is a new downstream substrate of PDGFRα. CCT2 can promote tumor cells growth by interacting and stabilizing PDGFRα.

Objective To investigate the effect of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) on proliferation of colony forming unit T-lymphocyte (CFU -TL)and its interference methods. Methods Normal CFU - TL culture was used as blank control. Normal CFU- TL culture system plus inactivated HCMV fluid as inactivated HCMV control. The dilution of 1:10,1:100,1:1000 were added into CFU -TL colonies culture system directly as infected group. Astragalus (AMI) and ganciclovir(GCV) were added into culture system with HCMV dilution of 1:10 as experimental group. By methylcellulose semi-solid culture, different concentrations of HCMV - AD1699 affect CFU-TL and interfered by astragalus AMI, GCV. CFU - TL were surveyed. The effect of HCMV on CFU-TL proliferation was measured by MTT; HCMV-AD169 DNA in CFU-TL was found by PCR. Results 1. Compared with control group, the numbers of CFU -TL in the HCMV infection groups decreased significantly(P

Detection of pathogenic microorganisms has been a hot research field of microbiology.Conventional detection methods,such as isolation and culture, PCR technology, ELISA and genomic sequencing,are all time-consuming and com-plex.Because of the advantages of quick-testing, accuracy, safety and efficiency, spectroscopy has become a new non-inva-sive testing technology and has witnessed rapid development in pathogen detection and disease diagnosis.This article intro-duces three types of common spectroscopy technologies ( laser excitation fluorescence spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy) , and also explains how they work in the detection of pathogenic microorganisms.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of intraoperaive recurrent laryngeal nerve(RLN) monitoring via lateral cricoarytenoid muscle(LCA) compound muscle action potential (CMAP) monitoring by bipolar electrode implanting. MethodsSeventy-four cases were evenly divided into nerve monitoring group and non-monitoring group,NIM-Response 2.0 was applied into monitoring group for intraoperative nerve monitoring.A bipolar electrode was inserted into LCA to record CMAP,stimulating electrode intermittently stimulated exposed or unexposed recurrent laryngeal nerve to monitor the RLN function during cervical operation under the block anaesthesia of cervical plexus. ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences (P ＞ 0.05 ) in postoperative hospitalization days (5.14 ± 1.44 days,5.05 ± 1.31 days),operation time ( 125.54 ±42.23 min,107.30 ± 39.36 min) between monitoring group and the control group.Thirty-two RLNs were mapped their anatomical course with the NIM-Response 2.0 assistance before exposure,and 25 RLNs were anatomically exposed.The stimulating threshold between unexposed RLN (2.23 ± 0.57 mA) and exposed RLN ( 0.44 ± 0.20 mA) were statistically different ( P ＜ 0.01 ),but the evoked EMG amplitude(307.98 ± 253.47 μV,234.36 ± 142.18 μV) were not statistically different (P ＞ 0.05 ).With the NIM-Response 2.0 assistance the course of the unexposed RLNs detected were consistent to the course of the RLNs when exposed completely.ConclusionsIt is a effective and feasible method to monitor the RLN function by recording the CMAP of lateral cricoarytenoid muscle(LCA) via bipolar electrode implanted into LCA under block anaesthesia of the cervical plexus.

Ebola virus disease , which can cause ebola hemorrhagic fever , is a potent zoonotic infectious virus disease . In 2014 , Ebola virus spread across West Africa and it has become a new major threat to global public health .This article summarizes the structural features of Ebola virus , transmission characteristics , interactions ,animal models .

Objective:To validate the revised BMI-MNA-SF and CC-MNA-SF with regard to association and agreement with the full MNA(R),considered as gold standard,in geriatric internal medicine patients.Methods:105 cases of hospitalized elderly patients in internal medicine were recruited for the study.The nutritional status correlation and coherence were evaluated with the revised BMI-MNA-SF、CC-MNA-SF and the full MNA(R),respectively.Results:The BMI-MNA-SF and CC-MNA-SF all correlated strongly with the full MNA(R) (Pearson's correlation coefficient r=0.9080,0.8381 respectively;P ＜ 0.001).High values of sensitivity,specificity and predictive values were observed for the BMI-MNA-SF and CC-MNA-SF against the full MNA(R) as the dichotomized categorizations "malnourished-at risk of malnutrition" vs "well nourished" and "malnourished" vs "at risk of malnutrition-well nourished" were considered.Most of values of those for CC-MNA-SF are lower slightly than BMI-MNA-SF.Areas under the ROC curves also reached high values (BMI-MNA-SF:0.951 and CC-MNA-SF:0.938 for the first categorization;BMI-MNA-SF:1.000 and CC-MNA-SF:0.985 for the second one) showing both tests excellent accuracy with the full-MNA.The agreement between the MNA-SFs and the ful1-MNA was quantified as the percentage of correct classifications.The BMI-MNA-SF classified 83.81％,correctly and the CC-MNA-SF classified 68.57％ correctly.Malnutrition proportions of subjects were not underestimated by both MNA-SFs.Conclusion:The revised BMI-MNA-SF and CC-MNA-SF are rapid、easy and reliable tools are capable to identify malnourished individuals in internal medicine and those who are at risk of malnutrition.Due to the special characteristics of elderly patients,the CC-MNA-SF is a good option to replace the BMI-MNA-SF when BMI is not available.