OBJECTIVETo study the template design of tissue flaps for covering auricular cage in order to acquire accurate and reliable design method.

METHODSBy the theory of engineering drawing and three-dimensional measuring on CT image, three dimensional configuration of 40 auricular surfaces were expanded approximately, and the character of them was analysed for the template design.

RESULTSIt is similar of the expanded graphs of auricular surface three dimensional configuration in healthy persons, and simplified template of tissue flaps is drawn based on the key points of the above graph.

CONCLUSIONSCT three-dimensional measurement of auricular surface configuration can be used to design the template of tissue flaps for covering auricular cage, and can provide accurate and reliable template of tissue flaps for clinics.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Ear, External ; surgery ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Tissue Scaffolds ; Tissue Transplantation ; Young Adult

Background: Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a first-line treatment for very-early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), whereas the efficacy of percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) for very-early-stage HCC remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify this issue by comparing the safety and efficacy of percutaneous MWA with percutaneous RFA in treating very-early-stage HCC. Methods: Clinical data of 460 patients who were diagnosed with very-early-stage HCC and treated with percutane-ous MWA or RFA between January 2007 and July 2012 at the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Mili-tary Medical University, in Shanghai, China were retrospectively analyzed. Of these 460 patients, 159 received RFA, 301 received MWA. Overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), local tumor progression (LTP), complete ablation, and complication occurrence rates were compared between the two groups, and the prognostic factors associated with survival were analyzed. Results: No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the 1-, 3-, or 5-year OS rates (99.3%, 90.4%, and 78.3% for MWA vs. 98.7%, 86.8%, and 73.3% for RFA, respectively;P= 0.331). Furthermore, no signif-icant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the corresponding RFS rates (94.4%, 71.8%, and 46.9% for MWA vs. 89.9%, 67.3%, and 54.9% for RFA, respectively;P= 0.309), the LTP rates (9.6% vs. 10.1%,P= 0.883), the complete ablation rates (98.3% vs. 98.1%,P= 0.860), or the occurrence rates of major complications (0.7% vs. 0.6%,P= 0.691). By multivariate analysis, LTP, antiviral therapy, and treatment of recurrence were independent risk fac-tors for OS (P < 0.001), and the alpha-fetoprotein level was an independent prognostic factor for RFS (P= 0.002). Conclusions: MWA is as safe and effective as RFA in treating very-early-stage HCC, supporting MWA as a first-line treatment option for this disease.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cell combined vaccines loaded with heat-treated Lewis lung cancer cell lysates for treatment of lung cancer in mice. Methods: Bone marrow cells were induced by the recombinant mouse fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor 3 ligand (rmFlt3-L) in vitro, myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) were separated by magnetic beads. The mDC, pDC, and mDC∶pDC=1∶1 were stimulated with heat-treated Lewis lung cancer cell lysates, respectively. The effects of each group on stimulating of lymphocyte proliferation and inducing of T cell to kill tumor cells in vitro were compared. The alternations of the immunophenotypes of CD80, CD86, CD40 and major histocompatibility complex Ⅱ (MHC-Ⅱ) were detected by flow cytometry. The secretion of cytokines including interlukin-12 (IL-12), interlukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The lymphocyte proliferation in mice stimulated with mDC+ pDC group loaded with heat-treated Lewis lung cancer cell lysates was 10.80±0.66, significantly higher than 8.63±0.65 of mDC group and 7.10±0.46 pDC group under the same culture conditions, respectively (P<0.05). When the ratio of effector cells: target cells (E∶T) was 10∶1, the killing rate of the mDC+ pDC group loaded with heat-treated tumor cell lysate was 31.68%±2.93%, significantly higher than 17.44%±0.97% of mDC group and 10.29%±1.33% of pDC group, respectively (P<0.05). When the ratio of E∶T was 20∶1, the killing rate of the mDC+ pDC group loaded with heat-treated tumor cell lysate was 54.77%±3.28%, significantly higher than 35.25%±1.51% of mDC group and 15.52%±0.73% of pDC group, respectively (P<0.05). When the ratio of E∶T was 40∶1, the killing rate of the mDC+ pDC group loaded with heat-treated tumor cell lysate was 73.01%±0.91%, significantly higher than 51.36%±0.58% of mDC group and 22.65%±1.28% of pDC group, respectively (P<0.05). With the rate of E∶T increased, the killing rate also increased. The mean fluorescence intensities of surface molecules including CD80, CD86, CD40 and MHC-Ⅱ of mDC: pDC=1 group pulsed with heat-treated Lewis lung cancer cell lysates were higher than those of mDC group and pDC group. The IL-6 cytokine concentrations of mDC+ pDC group, mDC group and pDC group loaded with heat-treated Lewis lung cancer cell lysates were (586.67±52.52) pg/ml, (323.33±67.14) pg/ml and (166.67±16.07) pg/ml, respectively. The concentrations of IL-12 in each group were (2 568.75±119.24) pg/ml, (2 156.25±120.55) pg/ml and (672.92±31.46) pg/ml, respectively. The concentrations of TNF-α in each group were (789.33±48.08) pg/ml, (584.89±116.49) pg/ml and (291.56±40.73) pg/ml, respectively. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α secreted by mDC+ pDC group were much higher than those of mDC group and pDC group under the same culture conditions (P<0.05). Conclusions The mDCs and pDCs combined vaccines pulsed with heat-treated Lewis lung cancer cell lysates have synergistic effects on inducing of T lymphocyte proliferation and killing tumor cells in vitro. This synergistic anti-tumor effect is related with up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules and increased secretion of cytokines.

To investigate the feasibility of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cell combined vaccines loaded with heat?treated Lewis lung cancer cell lysates for treatment of lung cancer in mice. Methods Bone marrow cells were induced by the recombinant mouse fms?like tyrosine kinase receptor 3 ligand ( rmFlt3?L) in vitro, myeloid dendritic cells ( mDC) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) were separated by magnetic beads. The mDC, pDC, and mDC ∶ pDC＝1 ∶ 1 were stimulated with heat?treated Lewis lung cancer cell lysates, respectively. The effects of each group on stimulating of lymphocyte proliferation and inducing of T cell to kill tumor cells in vitro were compared. The alternations of the immunophenotypes of CD80, CD86, CD40 and major histocompatibility complex Ⅱ( MHC?Ⅱ) were detected by flow cytometry. The secretion of cytokines including interlukin?12 (IL?12), interlukin?6 (IL?6), and tumor necrosis factor α ( TNF?α) were detected by enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA). Results The lymphocyte proliferation in mice stimulated with mDC+pDC group loaded with heat?treated Lewis lung cancer cell lysates was 10.80±0.66, significantly higher than 8.63±0.65 of mDC group and 7.10±0.46 pDC group under the same culture conditions, respectively ( P＜0.05). When the ratio of effector cells:target cells (E ∶ T) was 10 ∶ 1, the killing rate of the mDC+pDC group loaded with heat?treated tumor cell lysate was 31.68%±2.93%, significantly higher than 17.44%±0.97% of mDC group and 10.29%±1.33% of pDC group, respectively (P＜0.05). When the ratio of E ∶ T was 20 ∶ 1, the killing rate of the mDC+pDC group loaded with heat?treated tumor cell lysate was 54.77%± 3.28%, significantly higher than 35.25%± 1.51% of mDC group and 15.52%±0.73% of pDC group, respectively (P＜0.05). When the ratio of E ∶ T was 40 ∶ 1, the killing rate of the mDC+pDC group loaded with heat?treated tumor cell lysate was 73.01%± 0.91%, significantly higher than 51.36%± 0.58% of mDC group and 22.65%± 1.28% of pDC group, respectively (P＜0.05 ). With the rate of E ∶ T increased, the killing rate also increased. The mean fluorescence intensities of surface molecules including CD80, CD86, CD40 and MHC?Ⅱ of mDC:pDC＝1 group pulsed with heat?treated Lewis lung cancer cell lysates were higher than those of mDC group and pDC group. The IL?6 cytokine concentrations of mDC+pDC group, mDC group and pDC group loaded with heat?treated Lewis lung cancer cell lysates were (586.67±52.52) pg／ml, (323.33±67.14) pg／ml and (166.67± 16.07) pg／ml, respectively. The concentrations of IL?12 in each group were ( 2 568.75± 119.24) pg／ml, (2 156.25±120.55) pg／ml and (672.92±31.46) pg／ml, respectively. The concentrations of TNF?α in each group were (789.33±48.08) pg／ml, (584.89±116.49) pg／ml and (291.56±40.73) pg／ml, respectively. The concentrations of IL?6, IL?12 and TNF?α secreted by mDC+pDC group were much higher than those of mDC group and pDC group under the same culture conditions ( P＜0.05). Conclusions The mDCs and pDCs combined vaccines pulsed with heat?treated Lewis lung cancer cell lysates have synergistic effects on inducing of T lymphocyte proliferation and killing tumor cells in vitro. This synergistic anti?tumor effect is related with up?regulation of co?stimulatory molecules and increased secretion of cytokines.

To investigate the feasibility of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cell combined vaccines loaded with heat?treated Lewis lung cancer cell lysates for treatment of lung cancer in mice. Methods Bone marrow cells were induced by the recombinant mouse fms?like tyrosine kinase receptor 3 ligand ( rmFlt3?L) in vitro, myeloid dendritic cells ( mDC) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) were separated by magnetic beads. The mDC, pDC, and mDC ∶ pDC＝1 ∶ 1 were stimulated with heat?treated Lewis lung cancer cell lysates, respectively. The effects of each group on stimulating of lymphocyte proliferation and inducing of T cell to kill tumor cells in vitro were compared. The alternations of the immunophenotypes of CD80, CD86, CD40 and major histocompatibility complex Ⅱ( MHC?Ⅱ) were detected by flow cytometry. The secretion of cytokines including interlukin?12 (IL?12), interlukin?6 (IL?6), and tumor necrosis factor α ( TNF?α) were detected by enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA). Results The lymphocyte proliferation in mice stimulated with mDC+pDC group loaded with heat?treated Lewis lung cancer cell lysates was 10.80±0.66, significantly higher than 8.63±0.65 of mDC group and 7.10±0.46 pDC group under the same culture conditions, respectively ( P＜0.05). When the ratio of effector cells:target cells (E ∶ T) was 10 ∶ 1, the killing rate of the mDC+pDC group loaded with heat?treated tumor cell lysate was 31.68%±2.93%, significantly higher than 17.44%±0.97% of mDC group and 10.29%±1.33% of pDC group, respectively (P＜0.05). When the ratio of E ∶ T was 20 ∶ 1, the killing rate of the mDC+pDC group loaded with heat?treated tumor cell lysate was 54.77%± 3.28%, significantly higher than 35.25%± 1.51% of mDC group and 15.52%±0.73% of pDC group, respectively (P＜0.05). When the ratio of E ∶ T was 40 ∶ 1, the killing rate of the mDC+pDC group loaded with heat?treated tumor cell lysate was 73.01%± 0.91%, significantly higher than 51.36%± 0.58% of mDC group and 22.65%± 1.28% of pDC group, respectively (P＜0.05 ). With the rate of E ∶ T increased, the killing rate also increased. The mean fluorescence intensities of surface molecules including CD80, CD86, CD40 and MHC?Ⅱ of mDC:pDC＝1 group pulsed with heat?treated Lewis lung cancer cell lysates were higher than those of mDC group and pDC group. The IL?6 cytokine concentrations of mDC+pDC group, mDC group and pDC group loaded with heat?treated Lewis lung cancer cell lysates were (586.67±52.52) pg／ml, (323.33±67.14) pg／ml and (166.67± 16.07) pg／ml, respectively. The concentrations of IL?12 in each group were ( 2 568.75± 119.24) pg／ml, (2 156.25±120.55) pg／ml and (672.92±31.46) pg／ml, respectively. The concentrations of TNF?α in each group were (789.33±48.08) pg／ml, (584.89±116.49) pg／ml and (291.56±40.73) pg／ml, respectively. The concentrations of IL?6, IL?12 and TNF?α secreted by mDC+pDC group were much higher than those of mDC group and pDC group under the same culture conditions ( P＜0.05). Conclusions The mDCs and pDCs combined vaccines pulsed with heat?treated Lewis lung cancer cell lysates have synergistic effects on inducing of T lymphocyte proliferation and killing tumor cells in vitro. This synergistic anti?tumor effect is related with up?regulation of co?stimulatory molecules and increased secretion of cytokines.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effectiveness of full-field digital mammography (FFDM) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection and diagnosis of breast diseases.

METHODSForty-one patients with 47 breast lesions (20 malignant and 27 benign lesions) underwent preoperative FFDM and MRI, using the pulse sequences including T1WI, T2WI, T2WI/SPIR diffusion-weighted imaging (DWl), and 3D dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.

RESULTSThe imaging and pathological findings were compared, and the detection rates of the lesions by FFDM and MRI were 97.87% (46/47) and 74.46% (35/47), respectively (P<0.01). The sensitivity of FFDM and MRI was 70.00% (14/20) and 80.00% (16/20) (P>0.05), with specificity of 62.96%(17/27) and 88.89%(24/27) (P<0.05), respectively.

CONCLUSIONMRI is superior to FFDM in the detection and diagnosis of breast diseases.

Adenoma ; diagnosis ; Adult ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mammography ; instrumentation ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the expression level of IL-32 in serum and its correlation with serum biochemical indices of liver function test and HBV DNA load in patients with HBV-related liver failure.Methods Fifty-five patients with HBV-related liver failure (severe hepatitis group) and twenty normal cases (control group) were enrolled in the study.Total RNA in PBMCs was extracted by using TRIzol.IL-32 mRNA level was assayed by using Real-time PCR.IL-32 protein level in serum was detected by ELSIA method.The correlation between IL-32 and ALT,AST,TBIL,HBV DNA load was analyzed using pearson's correlation analysis,respectively.Results Serum IL-32 expression level in severe hepatitis group was higher than that of control group.Moreover,the difference between them was statistically significant (P ＜0.05).Serum IL-32 level was positively correlated with serum ALT,AST,TBIL,respectively (P ＜ 0.05),but was not correlated with HBV DNA load (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Serum IL-32 expression level was increased in patients with HBV-related liver failure and was associated with the severity of inflammation.We,therefore,believe that IL-32 might be involved in the pathogenesis of HBV-related liver failure.

Accidents, Traffic ; Adult ; Fractures, Compression ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Radiography ; Spinal Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; pathology ; surgery

To assess relationships between xanthine oxidase (XOD) and nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (NIBV) infection, 240 growing layers (35 days old) were randomly divided into two groups (infected and control) of 120 chickens each. Each chicken in the control and infected group was intranasally inoculated with 0.2 mL sterile physiological saline and virus, respectively, after which serum antioxidant parameters and renal XOD mRNA expression in growing layers were evaluated at 8, 15 and 22 days post-inoculation (dpi). The results showed that serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in the infected group were significantly lower than in the control group at 8 and 15 dpi (p < 0.01), while serum malondialdehyde concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.01). The serum uric acid was significantly higher than that of the control group at 15 dpi (p < 0.01). In addition, the kidney mRNA transcript level and serum activity of XOD in the infected group was significantly higher than that of the control group at 8, 15 and 22 dpi (p < 0.05). The results indicated that NIBV infection could cause the increases of renal XOD gene transcription and serum XOD activity, leading to hyperuricemia and reduction of antioxidants in the body.
Antioxidants ; Chickens ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; Hyperuricemia ; Infectious bronchitis virus* ; Kidney ; Malondialdehyde ; RNA, Messenger* ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Uric Acid ; Xanthine Oxidase* ; Xanthine*

This study aimed to establish human IFN-gamma (hIFN-gamma) in vitro release assay and to apply it in diagnosis of human tuberculosis. Human IFN-gamma gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant hIFN-gamma was purified and used as immunogen to immunize mice and rabbits respectively. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies were respectively developed and a sandwich ELISA was established. The heparized whole blood from 111 active tuberculosis patients and 292 clinical healthy controls were collected. The blood was stimulated with tuberculosis specific fused antigen ESAT-6/CFP-10 and the plasma was collected for IFN-gamma detection. The sensitivity for tuberculosis diagnosis was 95.5%, whereas the positive detection rate for the healthy controls was 16.7%. There was a significant difference between the patients and healthy controls (P<0.01) indicating that this assay had a high sensitivity and specificity, and thus could be promising in tuberculosis diagnosis.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; immunology ; secretion ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; immunology ; Rabbits ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Tuberculosis ; diagnosis ; immunology