Objective To research the incidence rate,potential etiologic factors,treatment of complications in patients with acute spinal column and spinal cord injury.Methods The date of 543 patients with acute spinal column and spinal injury were analyzed retrospectively.Results Of 543 patients,242 cases(44.6%)had complications.The first to third complications were hyponatremia(202 cases,37.2%),urinary tract infections(150 cases,27.6%)and pulmonary infections(54 cases,9.9%)respectively.The incidence rate of hyponatremia and pulmonary infections in patients with complete cervical spinal cord injuries increased obviously.Conclusion Early rehabilitation and active prevention can prevent the complications in patients with acute spinal column and spinal cord injury.

ObjectiveTo define the occurrence rate,time course, potential etiologic factors, treatment and prognosis of hyponatremia in patients with actue spinal cord injury.Methods99 patients who were admitted with hyponatremia after acute spinal cord injury were analysed retrospectively. ResultsAll these patients could concluded into three types:type I were mostly the patients with thoracic and lumbar spinal cord injury,whose mean lowest serum natrium concentration (MLSNC) were (128.6±6.6)mmol/L,continued (8±5.3)days,and it could be recovered after two weeks by accurate supply natrium and/or fluid restriction.Type II included the patients with cervical spinal cord injury,whose MLSNC were(125.1±6.0)mmol/L, continued(26.7±17.0)days,mean uric natrium concentration were 200mmol/24h,and poorly responded to the therapy of supply natrium.Type III also included the patients with cervical spinal cord injury, whose MLSNC were (118.3±9.4)mmol/L, continued (36.8±5.4)days, uric natrium concentration were 200-400mmol/24h, urinary volume had been above to 4000ml for 4 weeks.The serum natrium concentration would decrease after supply natrium therapy,but would recover.after fluid restriction. ConclusionsThe hyponatremia in patients with actue spinal cord injury sould be treated according to different type.

Objective To summarize the experience in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis with spinal fracture and spinal cord injuries. Methods The treatment and results of 12 patients with ankylosing spondylitis with spinal fracture and spinal cord injuries were reviewed and compared. Results and Conclusions We emphasize that the treatment of complications, especially pneumonia, is very important. Conservative treatment may be used at first, but the patients with surgical indications should be operated early.

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevention and treatment of pneumonia in patients with acute cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI).MethodsData of 278 patients with acute traumatic CSCI admitted from 1988 to 2004 were analyzed retrospectively.Results Pneumonia was the major complication following acute CSCI and discovered by radiography during the first 3—33 days after injury. The all cases were nosocomial pneumonia and G- bacilli were main pathogens, particularly pseudomonas aeruginosa. The incidence of pneumonia of patients with score ≤6 according to the criteria of American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) was significantly higher than those with ASIA score >6 (P<0.001).ConclusionThe high incidence of pneumonia in the CSCI is associated with the level and completeness of the injury. The G- bacilli causing nosocomial infection are main pathogens.

OBJECTIVETo explore the molecule mechanism of Salidroside inducing directional differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into neuronal cells.

METHODSThe mouse multipotent mesenchymal precursor cell line (D1) was taken as the objective. Cultured MSCs were divided into the negative control group (complete culture solution), the positive control group (containing 1 mmol/L β-mercaptoethanol), the Salidroside induced group (20 mg/L Salidroside), and the blocked group (20 ng/ ml DKK1, a special inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway). All cells were inoculated in a 6-well plate (1 x 10(4) cells/cm2) and grouped for 24 h. The expression of p-catenin was detected by fluorescence Immunochemistry in the negative control group, the positive control group, and the Salidroside induced group. The expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), beta 3 class III tubulin (β-tubulin III), nuclear receptor related factor 1 (Nurr1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA, Wnt3a, β-catenin, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein6 (LRP6), Axin mRNA were detected using reverse transcrip- tion PCR (RT-PCR). The expression of β-catenin and NSE protein were analyzed by Western blot in the negative control group, the positive control group, and the Salidroside induced group. Ca2+ chelating agents (EGTA), L-type Ca2+ channel blocker (Nifedpine), and IP3Ks special inhibitor (LY294002) were used to block Ca2+ signal pathway respectively. The expression of Wnt3a, LRP-6, Axin, glycogen syn- thase kinase (GSK-3), and β-catenin mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. The β-catenin protein expression was analyzed using Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the positive control group, β-catenin protein was strong positively expressed; the expression of Wnt3a, β-catenin, LRP6, Axin, NSE, β-tubulin III, Nurr1 mRNA, and NSE protein were obviously up-regulated in the Salidroside induced group (P < 0.01). Compared with the positive control group and the Salidroside induced group, β-catenin, NSE, Nurr1, and β-tubulin III mRNA expression decreased; β-catenin and NSE protein expression were also down-regulated in the blocked group (P < 0.01). Compared with the Salidroside induced group, the expression of Wnt3a, LRP-6, β-catenin, and Axin mRNA were down-regulated in the Ca2+ signal blocked group and the salidroside induced group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSalidroside affected directional differentia- tion of MSCs into neuronal cells through Wnt/β-catenin and Ca2+ signal pathway.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6 ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; physiology ; Mice ; Neurons ; Phenols ; pharmacology ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; RNA, Messenger ; Signal Transduction ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; physiology ; beta Catenin ; metabolism

ObjectiveTo study the mechanisms and related factors and preventive managements of the stress ulcer complicating with acute cervical spinal cord injury. MethodsThe clinical findings of eight cases of the acute cervical spinal cord injury with stress ulcer were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsFive cases were cured by conservative treatment, one case was cured after operations, two cases died of breath and circulation failure.ConclusionStress ulcer is a critical complication of acute cervical spinal cord injury. It should be prevented actively.

OBJECTIVETo study the therapeutic effects of posterolateral depression fractures of the tibial plateau through a modified anterolateral approach.

METHODSFrom February 2011 to January 2012,13 patients with posterolateral depression fractures of the tibial plateau were treated through a modified anterolateral approach. There were 8 males and 5 females, ranging in age from 28 to 59 years old (49.2 years old on average). Data from patients were collected retrospectively as follows: X-ray, time of fracture healing and the complications of fracture healing. The patients were evaluated both clinically and radiologically according to the Rasmussen score system.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 6 to 18 months (mean 13.7 months). All the patients got bony union. The average radiographic bony union time was 15.1 weeks (ranged, 11 to 17 weeks). No case of secondary articular depression was found. No complications such as malunion or joint stiffness were found. But 1 patient had superficial infection and 1 patient had common peroneal nerve injury. According to the Rasmussen score system,the mean radiological score was 16.50 ± 0.67 (ranged, 13 to 18), and the mean functional score was 25.20 ± 2.21 (ranged, 13 to 30). The mean range of knee motion was (125.3 ± 9.3)° (ranged, 0° to 135°).

CONCLUSIONTreatment of depression fractures of posterolateral tibial plateau with a modified anterolateral approach is a safe method with effective exposure, due to its stable fixation and relatively good outcome with minimal soft-tissue complications. It is regarded as an ideal procedure for depression fractures of posterolateral tibial plateau.

Adult ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

To investigate such physical indexes as hygroscopicity, angle of repose, bulk density, fillibility of compression of mixed powder of directly compressed auxiliary materials and fermented cordyceps powder by using micromeritic study methods. The results showed that spray-dried lactose Flowlac100 and microcrystalline cellulose Avicel PH102 had better effect in liquidity and compressibility on fermented cordyceps powder than pregelatinized starch. The study on the impact of directly compressed auxiliary materials on the powder property of fermented cordyceps powder had guiding significant to the research of fermented cordyceps powder tablets, and could provide basis for the development of fermented cordyceps powder tablets.
Cellulose ; chemistry ; Cordyceps ; chemistry ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Fermentation ; Lactose ; chemistry ; Powders ; chemistry ; Tablets ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the possible mechanism of the electroacupuncture for improvement of learning and memory in rats of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

METHODSSixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a normal saline group, a model group, a western medication group and an electroacupuncture group, 12 rats in each group. The AD rat model was established by injecting Streptozocin (STZ) into lateral cerebral ventricle, except the rats in the normal saline group injecting Normal Saline with the same dose and in normal group with no injection. The western medication group was treated with intragastric administration of Memantine, and in the electroacupuncture group, the electroacupuncture was given at "Baihui" (GV 20), "Dazhui" (CV 14), "Taixi" (KI 3), "Shenshu" (BL 23), "Zusanli" (ST 36), once each day, 7 days for a course, and lasted for 4 courses. The other three groups were fed in routine way and without any treatment. The learning and memory ability was assessed by Morris water maze and the expression of Abeta positive cells of the hippocampus and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined by immunohistochemistry and visible spectrophotometer colorimetry.

RESULTSCompared with the normal group and the normal saline group, the Abeta protein expression was significantly increased in the model group (both P < 0.01), and the SOD activity was obviously decreased (both P < 0.01). After treatment, as compared with the model group, the Abeta protein expression was significantly decreased (both P < 0.01), and the SOD activity was obviously increased (both P < 0.01) in the electroacupuncture group and western medication group.

CONCLUSIONElectroacupuncture treatment can reduce the Abeta protein expression and increase the SOD activity of the hippocampus so as to improve learning and memory ability in the AD rats.

Alzheimer Disease ; chemically induced ; enzymology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; metabolism ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electroacupuncture ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Hippocampus ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Learning ; Male ; Memory ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Streptozocin ; adverse effects ; Superoxide Dismutase ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the relationship of diurnal variation of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) with urinary output,serum osmolality and blood pressure in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. MethodsThe study was prospective,random and contrastive. Twenty complete SCI patients (two females and 18 males,Complete SCI group) and ten healthy controls (two females and eight males,control group) were studied. Urinary output and osmolality in the day time (8:00-20:00) and at night (20:00-8:00) were recorded. Blood samples for the measurement of serum osmolality and ADH were drawn at 14:00 and 2:00. Results There was very significant difference in regard of urinary output between day time and night time in complete SCI Group and control Group ( P 0.05). However,ADH level increased in the healthy Group at night,with a very significant difference ( P