Objective To investigate the degree of cognitive impairment and its clinical significance of Binswanger's disease(BD),leukoaraiosis(LA) and LA with cerebral infarction(LA+CI).Methods Mini-mental state examination(MMSE) and clinical memory scale (CMS) were used to evaluate the cognitive impairment in 33 patients with BD, 27 patients with LA, 31 patients with LA+CI and 30 healthy controls.Results (1)The scores of MMSE and CMS in BD group, LA group, LA+CI group were significantly lower than those in healthy control group( P

Objective To develop a method for localizing a detecting capsule in the gastrointestinal tract.Methods A three-axis magnetic sensor was sealed in the detecting capsule.Three flat coils were fixed on patients' back.The coils were excited one by one to generate electromagnetic fields.The position and the orientation of the capsule could be determined by telemetering the signals from the magnetic sensor incorporated in the capsule.Results The telemetric localization system worked successfully.A localization model describing the relationship between the magnetic field strength and the position and orientation of the capsule,was correctly established basing on the principle of magnetic dipoles,and neural network algorithm was employed to solve a non-linear equation set.Conclusion The results showed that the localization method is feasible and the precision is higher than existing methods.The localization device can perform consecutive tracking and can be made into a portable type.After putting into practice,the device can also be used in food selection for astronauts by monitoring their gastrointestinal parameters in space.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive function of simple leukoaraeosis (LA) and subcortical arterioselerotic encephalopathy (SAE) is a part of research in cerebrovascular neuropsychology, however, there is no contrast study on cognitive function between the two diseases. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the different features in cognitive function among patients with simple leukoaraeosis, subcortical arterioselerotic encephalopathy and simple leukoaraeosis combined with cerebral infarction. DESIGN: Randomized controlled observation SETTING: Department of Neurological Medicine, Qilu Hospital, ShandongUniversity. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 91 cases of patients with cerebrovasculardisease diagnosed in Department of Neurological Medicine of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from March 1997 to May 2000 were selected. All the patients participated in the observation voluntarily. They were divided into 3 groups according to the type of disease, with 27 cases in simple leukoaraeosis group, 33 cases in subcortical arterioselerotic encephalopathygroup and 31 cases in simple leukoaraeosis + cerebral infarction group.Additionally, 30 healthy cases were selected as control group. All the subjects in the above groups participated in the observation voluntarily. METHODS: Assessment on cognitive function and memory ability was conducted on the subjects in each group, and contrast analysis was performed. Mini-mental state examination was used for detecting cognitive function. Patients whose score was less than 17, 20, 22, 23 respectively according to different educational degree (illiteracy, primary school, middle school, university), would be diagnosed as dementia. Clinical me mory scale A edited by Psychology Institute of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences was used for detecting memory ability including associative learning, directive memory, recognition of nonsense figure, image free recall and portrait characteristics associative recall. Conversed the above 5 items of detecting results to scores of scales and calculated out the memory quotients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: State of cognitive disorder and scoresof mini-mental state examination and clinical memory scale of subjects in each group. RESULTS: All the 91 cases of patients with cerebrovascular disease and 30 healthy control cases entered results analysis without any drop out. ① Comparison of the state of cognitive disorder among subjects in each group: There were 21 cases of mild cognitive disorder (77.8%) in simpleleukoaraeosis group, 8 cases of moderate cognitive disorder (24.2%) and 25 cases of dementia (75.8%) in subcortical arterioselerotic encephalopathy group, 6 cases of moderate cognitive disorder (19.4%) and 24 cases of dementia (77.4%) in simple leukoaraeosis + cerebral infarction group. ② Comparison of the scores of mini-mental state examination among and clinical memory scale: Scores of the two scales in simple leukoaraeosis group, subcortical arterioselerotic encephalopathy group and simple leukoaraeosis + cerebral infarction group were significantly lower than those in healthy control group (t=2.14-3.81, P ＜ 0.05-0.01). The scores in subcortical arterioselerotic encephalopathy group and simple leukoaraeosis+ cerebral infarction group were significantly lower than those in simple leukoaraeosis group (t=2.13-3.37, P ＜ 0.05-0.01).CONCLUSION: ① The cognitive impairment in simple leukoaraeosis is mainly mild cognitive disorder. ② The cognitive impairments in subcortical arterioselerotic encephalopathy and simple leukoaraeosis + cerebral infarction are mainly moderate cognitive disorder and dementia which are obviously severer than mild cognitive disorder. Cognitive function can be used as reference indicator for assessing simple leukoaraeosis and subcortical arterioselerotic encephalopathy.Liang LP, He Y, Guo HZ.A contrast between the cognitive function of patients with simple leukoaraeosis and subcortical arterioselerotic encephalopathy.

Child ; Cystitis ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Male

In order to improve bilingual teaching in clinical epidemiology,a multidimensional teaching mode with flexible method was constructed.And it was proposed that based on the student-centered learning,the content of teaching should be adjusted,English should be used logically and clinical courses and practice should be closely connected.The new teaching method was proved successful.

Objective To observe the effects of Sishen Pills on gene and protein expressions of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) of colonic tissue in spleen-kidney yang deficiency rats with ulcerative colitis (UC); To discuss its mechanism of action for spleen-kidney yang deficiency UC. Methods Lavage of senna +intraperitoneal injection of hydrocortisone injection + enema of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid/ethanol were used to establish the model of UC of spleen-kidney yang deficiency type. 90 Wister rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, Salazosulfadimidine group and the Sishen Pills high-, medium- and low-group. Each medication group was intervened by relevant medicine. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expressions of TLR-2 and TLR-4, and Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of TLR-2 and TLR-4. SOD and MDA in serum were detected. Results Compared with the blank group, SOD activity decreased and MDA content increased in the model group (P<0.01); gene and protein expressions of TLR-2 and TLR-4 increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with model group, SOD increased and MDA content decreased in all the medication groups (P<0.05, P<0.01); gene and protein expressions of TLR-2 and TLR-4 decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion Sishen Pills can achieve the treatment of UC by improving the metabolism of oxygen radicals in colonic tissue and regulating the immune system of the intestinal epithelium.

OBJECTIVETo investigate clinical effects of arthroscopy in the treatment of medial meniscal cyst.

METHODSFrom June 2011 to January 2013, 7 patients with medial meniscal cyst were treated with arthroscopy. There were 3 males and 4 females,ranging in age from 27 to 63 years old,with a mean age of (43.93±2.10) years old. The cysts have been discovered for 3 to 30 months,with a mean time of (10.6±1.3) months. All the patients complained of knee pain,especially in the medial joint gap. The Pisani sign, Caklin sign and medial McMurray sign were all positive. Preoperative MRI examination confirmed the diagnosis. Lysholm score changes and clinical efficacy were observed through a six-month follow-up.

RESULTSThe postoperative Lysholm scores were all significantly higher than the preoperative scores. According to Sarimo standard, 6 patients got an excellent result, and 1 good.

CONCLUSIONArthroscopic treatment of medial meniscal cyst has replaced the traditional method, which could retain the normal meniscus as much as possible and repair the meniscus injury simultaneously, as well as get a good curative effect and a good recovery of knee function. This method is worthy of clinical application.

Adult ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; Cysts ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged

This study aimed to investigate the immune adjuvant effect and mechanism induced by chitosan nanoparticles carrying pJME/GM-CSF. In this study, plasmid DNA (pJME/GM-CSF) was encapsulated in chitosan to prepare chitosan-pJME/GM-CSF nanoparticles using a complex coacervation process. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the type of infiltrating cells at the site of intramuscular injection. The phenotype and functional changes of splenic DCs were measured by flow cytometry after different immunogens were injected intramuscularly. The killing activity of CTLs was assessed using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. The preparation of chitosan-pJME/GM-CSF nanoparticles matched the expected theoretical results. Our results also found that, after pJME/GM-CSF injection, the incoming cells were a mixture of macrophages, neutrophils, and immature DCs. Meanwhile, pJME/GM-CSF increased the expression of MHC class II molecules on splenic DCs, and enhanced their Ag capture and presentation functions. Cell-mediated immunity was induced by the vaccine. Furthermore, chitosan-pJME/GM-CSF nanoparticles outperformed the administration of standard pJME/GM-CSF in terms of DC recruitment, antigen processing and presentation, and vaccine enhancement. These findings reveal that chitosan could be used as delivery vector for DNA vaccine intramuscular immunizations, and enhance pJME/GM-CSF-induced cellular immune responses.
Adjuvants, Immunologic ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Chitosan ; administration & dosage ; immunology ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; virology ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; genetics ; immunology ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; immunology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Female ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nanoparticles ; administration & dosage ; Spleen ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology ; virology ; Vaccines, DNA ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology

Objective To investigate the changes of zinc in maternal plasma and MMP-9,collagen Ⅳ levels in serum and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) level in amniotic fluid in patients with premature rupture of membranes at term(TPROM).Methods Thirty cases who were diagnosed as PROM at term during Nov.2012 to Mar.2013 were enrolled as case group,and 30 cases delivered during the same time without PROM were enrolled as control group.Maternal blood and ammiotic fluid were collected from all the cases.The level of zinc in maternal plasma was measured by atomic absorption method and the levels of MMP-9 in serum and amniotic fluid were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),while the level of collagen Ⅳ in serum was measured by up-conversion luminescence method.The relationship among them was analyzed.Results Compared to control group,there were statistically significant difference between TPROM and control groups in terms of the level of zinc,collagen Ⅳ,MMP-9 in serum and MMP-9 in amniotic fluid (zinc:(109.10 ± 16.07) μmol/L vs.(90.54 ± 10.99) μmol/L; t =-5.22,P ＜ 0.001 ; collagen Ⅳ:(56.86 ±41.26) μg/L vs.(88.61 ±44.87) μg/L;t =2.852,P =0.006;MMP-9 in serum:(1 463.25 ±483.6) μg/L vs.(1 196.9 ± 357.43) μg/L,t =-2.426,P =0.018 ; MMP-9 in amniotic fluid:(125.48 ± 67.18) μg/L vs.(72.64 ± 60.74) μg/L,t =-2.873,P =0.006).Zinc level in maternal plasma and collagen Ⅳ in serum had a negative relationship in TPROM (r =-0.261,P =0.044).Zinc level in maternal plasma and MMP-9 level in serum had a positive relationship in TPROM (r =0.274,P =0.034).MMP-9 levels in serum and amniotic fluid had a positive relationship in TPROM (r =0.264,P =0.047).There were no significant relationship between zinc level in maternal plasma,MMP-9 level in amniotic fluid,collagen Ⅳ and MMP-9 levels in serum,collagen Ⅳ in serum and MMP-9 in amniotic fluid (r =0.215,-0.172,-0.172 ; P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The level of zinc in maternal plasma and increase of MMP-9 in serum and amniotic fluid of women and decrease of the level of collagen Ⅳ in serum are related to the occurrence of TPROM.