Objective To study the diagnostic value of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) in diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and investigate the relationship between SWI and clinical prognosis. MethodsTwenty patients (15 males and 5 females) with DAI were included in this study. Routine sequences (T1WI, T2WI and FLAIR) and SWI were performed on a 3.0 T MRI scanner. There were 8 cases whose Glasgow score scale (GCS) ranged from 3.0 to 5.0, 4 cases from 6.0 to 8.0 and 8 from 9.0 to 12.0. The interval time between injury and examination were from 3 hours to 20 days. The number and volume of lesions observed on SWI and routine sequence were compared using Mann-Whitney U-test and paired t-test. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between the number and volume of all lesions and GCS. Results The lesions showed punctate, beaded, patchy and cord-like hypointense signal with various size on SWI (lesion diameter <2.0 cm). Distribution of lesions was multifocal with clear boundary. Routine MRI scan found a total of 78 lesions, while SWI sequence detected 424 lesions. The number of the lesions found on SWI was more than that on conventional MRI (U=-15.447,P＜0.01). The total volume of the lesions measured on routine MRI and SWI were 19 340 mm3 and 38 042 mm3, respectively. The total volume measured on SWI was more than that on routine MR (t=5.870,P＜0.01). The number and volume of all lesions were negatively correlated with GCS (r=-0.802, -0.767, P＜0.01). Conclusion SWI sequence could find more bleeding lesions than the routine MRI sequences. The number and the volume of the lesions were closely related to GCS. SWI showed high value in the diagnosis and prediction of the prognosis of DAI.

Objective To study the relationship between the expression of cytochrome c ( Cyt c) and programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) in pancreatic cancer, and investigate the pathway of PDCD4 inducing the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. Methods Pancreatic cancer specimens from 69 patients who received pancreatic resection from 1990 to 2002 in First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University were collected. The expression of Cyt c in the 69 paraffin specimens of pancreatic cancer was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of Cyt c in 8 samples of cold-preserved fresh pancreatic cancer and normal pancreatic tissues were detected by Western blot. The expression of PDCD4 and Cyt c in pancreatic cancer was analyzed by paired t test and chi-square test. Results Compared with normal pancreatic tissues, the expression of Cyt c in pancreatic cancer was significantly decreased. The positive expression rate of Cyt c in 69 samples of pancreatic cancer was 41% (28/69). The expression of Cyt c was positive in most patients with positive expression of PDCD4, and the expression of PDCD4 was negative in most patients with negative expression of Cyt c. The expression of PDCD4 and Cyt c was closely correlated with each other (χ2= 10.52, P < 0.05). Conclusions There is a close relationship between the expression of PDCD4 and Cyt c in pancreatic cancer. PDCD4 may induce the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells through mitochondrial pathway.

OBJECTIVETo assess the efficacy of tendons of minimally invasive therapy (TMIT) combined drug therapy by comparing it with treatment by drug therapy alone on patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

METHODSTotally 60 KOA patients were assigned to the treatment group and the control group according to random digit table, 30 in each group. Patients in the control group took Hydrochloric Acid Glucosamine Capsule and Celecoxib Capsule. Patients in the treatment group additionally received TMIT. The treatment course for all was 4 weeks. Scores for visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index were observed and recorded at week 1 and 4 after treatment by acupotomology mirror.

RESULTSCompared with before treatment, improvement was shown in VAS score, pain and stiffness degrees, activities and functions, and WOMAC scores at week 1 and 4 after treatment in all patients with statistical difference (P < 0.05). Besides, better effect was shown in the treatment group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSTMIT combined drug therapy could relieve KOA patients' pain, stiffness and joint activities, elevate the overall efficacy. TMIT was easily operated with less injury.

Celecoxib ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; methods ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; drug therapy ; Pain ; Pain Measurement ; Tendons ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo demonstrate the expression of proteolysis induce factor(PIF) in the gastrointestinal(GI) cancer cachexia patients and evaluate its role in cancer cachexia.

METHODSExamination of PIF was performed in urine samples from 28 GI cancer cachexia patients, 13 GI cancer patients without cachexia, and 12 weight loss patients with benign disease. PIF was added to the mice cultured C2C12 muscle cells, then the protein kinase B(Akt) phosphorylation and morphological change were measured.

RESULTSThe positive rate of PIF in urine of 28 cancer cachexia patients was 53.6%(15/28). In the other two groups, no positive result was detected. PIF could successfully induce Akt phosphorylation, cell atrophy, metamorphosis, and death. The peak of this phosphorylation could be detected after half an hour of the initiation of PIF at a concentration of 4 nmol/L.

CONCLUSIONSPIF is specifically and highly expressed in GI cancer cachexia patients' urine. PIF can induce cancer cachexia possibly by activating Akt phosphorylation and inducing downstream proteolysis.

Animals ; Cachexia ; etiology ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; complications ; Humans ; Mice ; Proteoglycans ; Proteolysis

The sfa1 gene encoded a bifunctional enzyme with the activities of both alcohol dehydrogenase and glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.The gene disruption cassette produced by PCR using the same long oligonucleotides which comprise 19 or 22 nucleotides complementary to sequences in the templates(pUG6 and pUG66 marker plasmid)at 3' end and 45 nucleotides at 5' end that annealed to sites upstream or downstream of the genomic target sequence to be deleted.After two linear disruption cassettes with a Cre/loxP mediated marker were transformed into the cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae YS-1,the positive transformants were checked by PCR to correct the integration of the cassette and concurrent deletion of the chromosomal target sequence.Once correctly integrated into the genome,the select marker can be efficiently rescued by transformating the plasmid pSH47 into YS-1 and inducing the Cre expression with a Cre/loxP-mediated marker removal procedure.The expression of the Cre recombinase finally resulted in the removal of the marker gene,leaving behind a single loxP site at the chromosomal locus.The diploid mutant YS-1-sfa1 was generated,which could enhance the output of ethanol with 8.0% by shaking culture in flask compared with the original strain YS-1.

Objective To compare the safety and efficacy of minimally-access percutaneous nephrolithotomy (Mini-PCNL) in modified lateral position and prone position in high-risk patients with upper urinary tract stones and explore the clinical value of the modified lateral position. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 82 cases of high-risk patients underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy from June 2010 to December 2015. 43 cases in group of modified lateral position and 39 case in group of prone position. The mean operating time, the success rate of stone fragmentation, hospitalization days, the value of postoperative hemoglobin decline and complication rate of patients were record and compared between the two groups. Results There was no statistical significance between the modified lateral position group and prone position group (P > 0.05) in gender, age, stone type, BMI, the score of ASA and preoperative complication. There was statistical significance in found access time, (7.88 ± 0.82) min in the modified lateral position group and (8.50 ± 0.80) min in the prone position group (P < 0.01). The stone free rate in the modified lateral position group (95.35 %) was higher than that in prone position group (74.36 %), the value of postoperative hemoglobin decline were (9.33 ± 2.49) g/L and (10.90 ± 3.54) g/L, respectively (P < 0.05); Two groups of the pleural damage rate had significant difference (P < 0.05); the hospitalization days and operating time were no statistical difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions The Mini-PCNL in modified lateral position for high-risk patients had advantages of found access time, stone clearance rate, pleural injury, blood loss, comfort degree and security and worthy of clinical promoting.

Objective To explore characteristics and significance of interferon-induced protein with tetratricopetide repeats 1 expressed in radiation injury and infection stress.Methods RNA was extracted from Raw264.7 cell,3T3 cell and 10T1 /2 cell after 5 hours stimulated with 5 μg/mL LPS.At the same time,to set up normal control group (untreated by LPS),and RNA of IFIT1 was detected by RT-PCR.Total-ly 20 C57 /BL6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups,namely 0 h group,1 h group,4 h group and 12 h group.The mice were given 12 Gray60Co full-body exposure once,then liver IFIT1 was detected by western blot.Results Stimulated with LPS for 5 hours,IFIT1 was in-duced expression in Raw264.7 cell,3T3 cell and 10T1 /2 cell.The expression of normal control group was negative.The level of IFIT1 /Actin increased significantly 1 hour after radiation injury,and it reached the peak 12 hours after radiation injury (P <0.01).Conclusion LPS can stimulated a variety of cell lines expressed IFIT1,prompting that IFIT1 may participate in the occurrence and development of post-traumatic toxemia.IFIT1 of liver tissue increased significantly during the early stage in radiation mice.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory dermatosis with a variety of clinical manifestations and difficult to cure. Currently, many AD drug candidates have entered the research and development pipeline. In order to provide technical specifications for the clinical development of AD drugs, the Center for Drug Evaluation of National Medical Products Administration released the "Technical Guidelines for Clinical Trials of Drugs for AD Treatment" (Draft for Comments) in November 2022. Non-clinical pharmacodynamics evaluation is an important research before the drug enters clinical trials. Oxazolone (OXA)- and 2,4-dinitro-fluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced models are the most popular classical hapten-induced AD murine models, but variations of modeling are existing in the methods from different studies, including sensitization sites, haptens' dosages, the period of challenges, and the skin lesions severity evaluation as well. In this study, the investigation of OXA- and DNFB-induced AD murine models with various conditions of modeling was performed to compare the characteristics of hapten-induced AD murine models in the pathological process and severity according to the appearance of AD patients, and the guidance of pharmacodynamics evaluation of AD-therapeutic drugs in clinical trials as well, which may provide a proposal for AD treatment drug candidates in the non-clinical pharmacodynamics evaluation. All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Care & Welfare Committee of Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (approval No.: 00007782 and 00007784).

Objective To investigate the effects of mirror visual feedback (MVF) and electromyographic biofeedback (EMGBF) on upper extremity function in hemiplegic patients after stroke based on task-oriented training. Methods 90 patients with hempiplegia after stroke were randomly divided into control group (n=30), EMGBF group (n=30) and MVF group (n=30). All patients accepted routine rehabilitation and task-oriented training once a day for 8 weeks. The EMGBF group also accepted EMGBF, and the MVF group accepted MVF in addition. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and the Upper Extremity Function Test (UEFT), and their integrated electromyogram (iEMG) of affected upper extremities were recorded before and after treatment. Results All the groups improved in scores of FMA and UEFT, as well as the iEMG after treatment (P<0.05), and ranked as the MVF group, the EMGBF group and the control group from improving more to less (P<0.05). Conclusion Mirror visual feedback combined with electromyographic biofeedback may further promote the recovery of upper limb function in patients with hemiplegia after stroke based on task-oriented training.

Objective To summarize the diagnosis and surgical treatment for intractable constipation caused by adult dolichocolon.Methods Clinical data of 82 adult dolichocolon cases suffering from intractable constipation were analyzed retrospectively.Results Of the 82 patients,intractable constipation were found in 66 patients(80%),abdominalgia,abdominal distension in 28 patients(34%) and constipation alternatively with diarrhea in 16 patients(19%).Diagnosis was established in 74 patients by barium enema while 8 during the emergency operation.Dolichocolon was divided into 3 types as type Ⅰ in 35 cases,type Ⅱ in 19 and type Ⅲ in 28,in which there were 18 cases of total dolichocolon syndrome. Surgery performed including sigmoidectomy(32 patients),right hemicolectomy(3 patients),right hemicolon and transvers colon resection(4 patients),left side of transvers colon and splenic flexure colon resection(4 patients),descending colon and sigmoid colon resection(15 patients),transvers,descending and sigmoid colon resection(6 patients),pancolectomy with anastomosis of terminal ileum and upper rectum (18 patients).There were no severe postoperative complications such as anastomotic leakage and the recovery was uneventful in all 82 patients.The curative effect was graded as well and up in all 72 cases followed up from 3 months to 4 years,with a follow-up rate of 88%(72/82).Conclusion A history of intractable constipation and barium enema are the mainstay for the diagnosis of dolichocolon,and operation is the effective treatment for intractable constipation caused by adult dolichocolon.