Objective To study the fouling mechanism during the filtration of traditional Chinese medicine decoction by inorganic ceramic membrane so as to make a valuable exploration both on membrane fouling prevention and the industrialization of membrane separation technology in the field of Chinese materia medica. Methods Micro-filtrating Qingluo Tongbi Decoction using alumina ceramic membrane, researching the applicability of the membrane with different pore sizes, observing the fouling on membrane surface by scanning electron microscopy, studying the resistance distribution of membrane in filtration process, analyzing the fouling existence shape, position, and forming rule. Results In this system, alumina membrane with the pore size of 0.2 ?m was most suitable, which had the biggest permeating flux and reservation rate of effective component with less fouling. Among the alumina membranes with three different pore sizes, auto resistance and pore block resistance made up inferior percentage in total resistance, fouling resistance distribution mainly consisted of the reversible resistance, such as concentration polarization and gel layer resistance. Conclusion Optimizing parameters of the techniques in membrane process, using suitable pretreatment method and cleaning method can reduce membrance fouling and make the memberane property recover.

Probability of causation (PC) was used to facilitate the adjudication of compensation claims for cancers diagnosed following exposure to ionizing radiation. In this article, the excess cancer risk assessment models used for PC calculation are reviewed. Cancer risk transfer models between different populations, dependence of cancer risk on dose and dose rate, modification by epidemiological risk factors and application of PC are also discussed in brief.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; therapy

Objective:To investigate whether transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)through renal arteries can protect kidney from acute tubular necrosis(ATN),so as to lay a foundation for MSC transplantation in treatment of ATN.Methods:Five-week-old nude mice were randomly divided into three groups:normal control group(n=10),acute tubular necrosis(ATN)model group without(n=10)and with MSCs treatment group(n=11).ATN nude mice were induced with 50% glycerin.MSCs labeled with enhanced green fluorescent proteins(EGFP)were injected into kidney through renal arteries.Serum creatinine was determined in all groups and pathological changes of renal tissues were detected using H-E staining.The amount and distribution of the EGFP-marked MSCs in renal tissues were determined with fluorescence microscope.Results:Degeneration and exfoliation of renal tubular epithelial cells,and even renal tubular tamponade with cast-off cells were observed in the ATN group;these pathological changes were mainly located at renal cortex and juncture of renal cortex and medulla.The damages were greatly alleviated in the ATN+MSCs transplantation group,with no swelling of epithelial cells,nuclear condensation or edema.Fourteen days after MSCs transplantation,EGFP positive cells were increased in renal tubules of recipient mice.Conclusion:The MSCs transplantation via renal artery can locate in renal tubular epithelium,and promote the repair of injured renal tubular epithelial cells.

Adults-onset nesidioblastosis,as a differential diagnosis of organic hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia,is very rare and has been recognised as "noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycaemia syndrome(NIPHS)".Here we described an extremely rare case of NIPHS in an eldly type 2 diabetes mellitus with insulin therapy.A 84-year old male was diagnosed as type 2 diabetes six years ago and switched from an oral hypoglycemic drug to pro-mixed insulin treatment 3 years ago.According to medical records,he had good-glucose control over few hypoglycemia.He was admitted to hospital due to frequent fasting hypoglycaemic episodes and comas despite withdrawal of any anti-diabetes drugs and continous infusion of homogenate meal at night.Lab test showed low fasting glucose level and inappropriate high insulin/C-peptide level,and anti-insulin antibody was negative.A characteristic of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia with high C-peptide level was consistent with the possible diagnosis of insulinoma,but localizing studies including computed tomography of the abdomen and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy were negative.Surgical exploration by the palpation and intraoperative ultrasonography failed to detect any mass in the pancreas and 70% distal pancreatectomy was performed.Histological examination of the resected pancrease revealed an increased number and size of islets consistent with nesidioblastosis.After transient decline,his serum insulin travelled back to the level before pancreaectomy,but recurrent fasting hypoglycemia was mild and controlled by regular night eating postpancreaectomy.Abstract:SUMM ARY Adults-onset nesid ioblastosis,as a d ifferential d iagnosis of organic hyperinsulinem ic hypo-glycem ia,is very rare and has been recognised as"noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycaem ia syn-drome(NIPHS)".Here we described an extremely rare case ofNIPHS in an eldly type 2 d iabetesmelli-tus with insulin therapy.A 84-year old male was d iagnosed as type 2 d iabetes six years ago and switched from an oral hypoglycem ic drug to pro-m ixed insulin treatment 3 years ago.Accord ing tomed ical records,he had good-glucose control over few hypoglycem ia.He was adm itted to hospital due to frequent fasting hypoglycaem ic episodes and comas despite withdrawal of any anti-d iabetes drugs and continous infusion of homogenate meal at night.Lab test showed low fasting glucose level and inappropriate high insulin /C-peptide level,and anti-insulin antibody was negative.A characteristic of hyperinsulinem ic hypoglycem ia with high C-peptide level was consistentwith the possible d iagnosis of insulinoma,but localizing stud ies includ ing computed tomography of the abdomen and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy were negative.Surgical exploration by the palpation and intraoperative ultrasonography failed to detect any mass in the pancreas and 70% d istal pancreatectomy was performed.H istological exam ination of the resected pancre-ase revealed an increased number and size of islets consistent with nesid ioblastosis.After transient de-cline,his serum insulin travelled back to the level before pancreaectomy,but recurrent fasting hypoglyce-m ia was m ild and controlled by regular night eating postpancreaectomy.

Background Familial hyperaldosteronism type Ⅱ(FH-Ⅱ) is characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance and hyperaldosteronism.Linkage analysis demonstrated chromosome 7q22 most likely harbor the genetic defect.Objective To identify the disease locus in a Chinese pedigree with FH-Ⅱ using genetic linkage analysis.Methods Haplotypes of the FH-Ⅱ pedigree were analyzed using four microsatellite markers(D7S531,D7S2521,D7S511,D7S481) at 7p22 to determine the critical region,and multipoint logarithm of odds(LOD) scores were calculated to assess linkage with FH-Ⅱ.Results Several members(affected members) in the family had hypertension,hypokalemia,hyperaldosteronism,low renin activity.Hypertension and hypokalemia was improved by spironolactone test.Dexamethasone suppression test was performed but without clinical or hyperaldosteronism improvement in three affected members,confirmed FH-Ⅱ family pedigree.The same haplotypes D7S531(ac,n=24)-D7S2521(ac,n=11)-D7S511(ca,n=21)-D7S481(ac,n=16) were shared by all known affected members and one suspicious member,but also by one unaffected member of the family,making it unlikely that this region contains the causative gene mutation.In this FH-Ⅱ family,the LOD scores of the four markers were

OBJECTIVETo determine the influence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) on gastric cancer-related antigen MG7 expression.

METHODSThe H. pylori infection and the expression level of antigen MG7 in gastric mucosa were determined by HE stain, PCR, ELISA and immunohistochemistry in 291 patients with H. pylori-related conditions, among whom 34 were followed-up.

RESULTSNo significant difference was found between H. pylori-negative and H. pylori-positive intestinal metaplasia, atrophic gastritis and dysplasia of gastric epithelium in positive rate of antigen MG7 expression. There was significant difference between H. pylori-negative and H. pylori-positive superficial gastritis in the positive rate of MG7 expression (P < 0.05). During follow-up, one of 3 H. pylori-negative cases turned to be H. pylori-positive, and its MG7 expression turned to be higher at the same time. Three of 31 H. pylori-positive patients were discovered as having early gastric cancer, among whom one with antigen MG7 expression (+ + +) was found to have a reduced Mg7 expression accompanied with H. pylori eliminutied after operation.

CONCLUSIONThere is correlationship between H. pylori infection and MG7 expression in superficial gastritis. Although the MG7-positive lesions with H. pylori infection shows a benign nature in morphology, they also have the potential risk of developing into gastric cancer. Therefore, they should be followed up, during which special attention should be paid to patients with increased MG7 expression.

Antibodies, Bacterial ; blood ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; biosynthesis ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gastric Mucosa ; metabolism ; microbiology ; pathology ; Gastritis ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Helicobacter Infections ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Helicobacter pylori ; genetics ; growth & development ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Stomach Diseases ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Stomach Ulcer ; metabolism ; microbiology

Objective To summarize the safety and efficacy of low dose of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) for prevention of de novo hepatitis B infection after renal transplantation.MethodsThe clinical data of 138 patients who received renal transplantation without hepatitis B infection between January 2007 and June 2010 were retrospectively studied (study group).All the patients in study group were given low dose of HBIG injection before transplantation.The HBsAb titer was monitored regularly after transplantation,and the dosage of HBIG adjusted according to the level of the HBsAb titer.HBIG was implied to all patients in the study group for more than one year.The clinical data of 196 patients who received renal transplantation without hepatitis B infection between January 2004 and December 2006 served as the control group.These 196 patients were not treated with HBIG.The incidence of de novo hepatitis B infection,and acute rejection of these two groups was analyzed.The one-year graft and patients survival rate was also investigated.Results During the follow- up period of 12 months,only one case in the study group had de novo hepatitis B infection (0.7％) 6 months after renal transplantation,while 11 cases (5.6％) in the control group had de novo hepatitis B infection,in which 2 cases were died from acute hepatic failure.The incidence of de novo hepatitis B infection had statistically difference between the two groups (P＜0.05).The incidence of acute rejection in the study and control groups was 13.8％ and 17.3％ respectively (P＞0.05).The one-year graft and patient survival rate in the study and control groups was 96.4％ and 97.8％,and 90.3％ and 91.8％ respectively (P＜0.05).ConclusionLow dose of HBIG is effective and safe for prevention of de novo hepatitis B infection after renal transplantation.

Animals ; China ; Ectoparasitic Infestations ; veterinary ; Geography ; Rats ; Rodent Diseases ; parasitology

Four kinds of ionic liquids [BMIM] Br, [BMIM] BF4, [BMIM] PF6, [HMIM] PF6 were used to analyze the content of oleanic acid and paeoniflorin in Paeonia lactiflora with ultrasonic-assisted extraction coupled with HPLC. The chromatographic column, Purospher star RP-C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm), was used. Acetonitrile and water (90:10) as mobile phase was used to determine the content of oleanic acid with a gradient elution and flow rate at 1.00 mL · min(-1), detection wavelength at 210 nm, chromatographic column temperature at room temperature. Paeoniflorin content was determined using acetonitrile and water (18:82) as mobile phase with a gradient elution and flow rate at 1.00 mL · min(-1), detection wavelength at 250 nm, the chromatographic column temperature at room temperature. The result show that oleanic acid has the highest extraction yield when the conditions are solid-liquid ratio of 1:80 (g · mL(-1)), and the [BMIM] Br methanol solution concentration of 0.6 mol · L(-1). Under the optimal extraction conditions, the content of oleanic acid from 0.24 to 3.76 μg showed a good linearity (r = 0.9999), the average recovery was 97.20%. Paeoniflorin has the highest extraction yield when the conditions are solid-liquid ratio of 1:130 (g · mL(-1)), and the [C4 MIM] PF6 methanol solution concentration of 0.6 mol · L(-1). Under the optimal extraction conditions, paeoniflorin content from 0.42 to 4.20 μg showed a good lin- earity (r = 1.000), the average recovery was 98.84%. This method is simple and reliable, its repeatability is also very good. It has important significance in the study P. lactiflora of ionic liquid microextraction.
Chromatography, Reverse-Phase ; methods ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Ionic Liquids ; chemistry ; Monoterpenes ; analysis ; Oleanolic Acid ; analysis ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Ultrasonics