Objective Angiotensin(AngⅡ)is an important proinflammatory mediator in the cardiovascular system.The present study is aimed at investigating the correlation between ceramide and p53 and apoptosis of human umbilical endothelial cells induced by AngⅡ.Methods Human umbilical endothelial cells were cultured in vitro and treated with AngⅡalone or in combination with Losartan(an in- hibitor of AT1),PD123319(an inhibitor of AT2),FB1(an inhibitor of ceramidase),PFT-?(an inhibitor of p53),respectively.The ap- optosis of cells was detected with TUNEL,and p53 expression at protein and mRNA was assessed with Western blotting and reverse tran- scription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Compared to AngⅡgroup,PD123319 and FB1 could inhibit endothelial cells ap- optosis induced by AngⅡat 24h;hut Losartan and PFT-?could not.Compared to the control group,no statistical difference existed be- tween PD123319 and FB1,but it did exist between Losartan and PFT-?.FB1 and PFT-?down-regulated the p53 expression at the protein and mRNA levels.Conclusion In the process of apoptosis induced by AngⅡ,AngⅡcan induce the activation of ceramide by binding with AT2.AT2 and Ceramide play a key role in the endothelial cells apoptosis induced by AngⅡ.Ceramide may be situated in the upper stream of p53 and induce the apoptosis by p53 pathway.

Camptothecin is known to possess a broad spectrum of anticancer activities, however due to its high toxicity and low solubility in water, camptothecin is severely limited in clinic. To optimize the effects of camptothecin in the treatment of malignancies, besides the structural modification and reconstruction of camptothecin, the establishment of new drug delivery systems becomes a hot topic in the camptothecin research. This paper aims to summarize the advanced progress in the delivery system and function of camptothecin at recent years. The advances in improving the poor solubility, lactone ring instability, controlled release systems and targeting delivery systems of camptothecin are also reviewed. As the related methods and technologies are improved and developed, camptothecin will be a group of prospective anticancer drugs.

Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures

Kinematical alignment during total knee arthroplasty is an emerging process, and draws more and more attentions from scholars. Knee joint is close to normal joint after TKA through kinematical alighment, which has good clinical results and functional scores, and not increase failure probility. Thus, it may increase joint stress of patella-femur joint, lead to patellar maltracking and increase abrasion. The paper summarized defination and basical principle, operative method, clinical outcomes and deficiency of kinematical alignment during total knee arthroplasty, in order to choose a better way for kinematical alignment during total knee arthroplasty.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; methods ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Humans

Objective To evaluate regenerative nerve and functional recovery of target muscle in rats with sciatic nerve defect bridged by acellular nerve allograft made through chemical extraction.Methods Sciatic nerve of SD rats was processed in a volume fraction of 3％ Triton X-lO0 solution and 40 g/L sodium deoxycholate solution.Morphology of myelin sheath,axons and basal lamina tubes of sciatic nerve segments was observed under the light microscopy before and after the chemical processing.Twenty-five Wistar rats were divided into acellular nerve allograft group (n =10),autograft group (n =10) and normal control group(n =5) according to the random number table.A 1 cm sciatic nerve defect was created in acellular nerve allograft group and autograft group,and was respectively bridged by acellular nerve allograft and autograft.Sciatic nerve function index (SFI) was measured every two weeks.Twelve weeks after surgery,nerve conduction velocity (NCV),recovery rate of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and recovery rate of muscle force were measured in each group.Results Cellular components including myelin sheath and axons were removed thoroughly,but the basal lamina tubes were preserved completely.At postoperative 2,4,6,8,10 and 12 weeks,SFI in normal control group (-1.7±5.9,-0.3 ±2.5,0.8 ±4.1,-1.4±3.6,-2.5 ±5.7 and-2.1±3.2) was superior over autograft group (-94.3±3.7,-90.1±4.1,-63.7±7.8,-51.9±8.2,-48.8±8.6 and -44.3 ± 10.5) and acellular nerve allograft group (-97.1 ± 5.3,-91.2 ± 6.1,-70.6 ± 5.5,-60.4±6.2,-58.2 ±10.2 and-56.4 ±8.0) (P ＜0.01).At postoperative 6,8,10 and 12 weeks,SFI in autograft group were better than those in acellular nerve allograft group (P ＜0.05).NCV [(61.6 ± 8.1) m/s],recovery rate of CMAP[(98.7 ± 5.9) ％] and recovery rate of muscle force [(101.8 ± 6.6) ％] in normal control group were higher than those in acellular nerve allograft group [(22.3 ± 4.7) m/s,(40.3 ± 9.2) ％ and (43.8 ± 9.3) ％] and those in autograft group [(29.0 ±5.5) m/s,(52.5 ± 10.6) ％ and (54.3 ± 10.5) ％] (P ＜ 0.01).NCV,recovery rate of CMAP and recovery rate of muscle force in autograft group were better than those in acellular nerve allograft group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Acellular nerve segments are harvested satisfactorily by chemical extraction.Sciatic nerve defect in rats can be cured with the acellular nerve allograft,but the repair effect of autograft is relatively better.

Objective To explore the MRI features of ejaculatory duct obstruction.Methods During January 2003 to Dccember 2010,transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) was performed for 106 patients and underwent surgical treatment for ejaculatory duct obstruction.Among them,16 patients underwent MRI examination.The MRI features of ejaculatory duct obstruction in these patients were summarized.Results Ejaculatory duct cysts,ranging in size from 4 mm ×4 mm ×7 mm to 4 mm ×4 mm ×9 mm and locating in the paramedian line,were detected in 5 of the 16 patients; ejaculatory duct dilation located in the paramedian line was detected in 7 patients,with the internal diameter of 5 to 30 mm. After contrast injection,significant enhancement of the wall of the ejaculatory duct was observed in 2 patients.Mullerian duct cysts complicated with dilated ejaculatory duct and seminal vesicles were detected in 4 patients,in whom the cysts were located in the median line,ranging in size from 4 mm × 5 mm × 6 mm to 34 mm×35 mm ×44 mm,with inverted teardrop shaped pointing toward the seminal colliculus.ConclusionThe most common MRI features of ejaculatory duct obstruction are ejaculatory duct dilation and ejaculatory duct cysts.

Objective To investigate the imaging features of adrenal rest tumor.Methods Twelve patients of adrenal rest tumor proved by surgery or clinical diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed.Among these 12 patients,12 were examined with ultrasound,11 with MR and 1 with CT. MR and CT were performed without and with intravenous injection of contrast material.The imaging features of adrenal rest tumor were retrospectively summarized and the relevant literatures reviewed. Results The adrenal rest tumors were found in testis in 10 of the 12 patients,and in ovaries and broad ligament in the remaining two.The imaging features of the testicular adrenal rest tumor were summarized as following:all patients had bilateral testicular masses without change of the testicular contour. On ultrasonography,the lesions were hypoechoic, with some hyperechoic areas and appeared highly vascularized on Colour Doppler ultrasonography.The masses showed iso-density on plain CT,and avid enhancement on post-contrast CT images.The masses ranging in size from0.7 cm×1.0 cm×2.2 cm to 2.3 cm ×2.7 cm ×2.9 cm with uniform signal intensity,lobulated margin on MRI.They exhibited iso- or slight hyperintensity on T1 WI and hypointensity on T2WI relative to normal testicular parenchyma.The tumors showed intense enhancement on post-contrast MR images. No abnormality was detected with Colour Doppler uhrasonography and MR in 2 patients of adrenal rest tumor in ovaries and broad ligament. Conclusion Combining imaging features with the typical clinical history,the diagnosis of adrenal rest tumor could be suggested pre-operatively.

Objective To observed the effect of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in combination of submicrobubble on ablation of breast tumor VX2 in rabbits.Methods Submicrobubble was prepared,and the appearance,distribution,diameter,and zeta potential were measured.The rabbits were injected with the tumor tissue suspension in bilateral breast tissues.HIFU(150 W,120 W,5 s,3 s) combined with submicrobubble to damage rabbit breast VX2 tumors.The coagulation necrosis was assessed by HE staining.The grayscale changes of the target area before and after HIFU irradiation were recorded automatically by computer.Results The diameter of the submicrobubble was 498.9 nm on average.HE staining showed the area of coagulation necrosis was significantly larger in the HIFU + submicrobubble group than the HIFU + PBS group.The injury range of 150 W irradiation was larger than that of 120 W irradiation,given the same irradiation time.The injury range of 5 s irradiation was larger than that of 3 s irradiation,given the same irradiation strength.The gray scale change in the target area was significantly higher in the HIFU + submicrobubble group than the HIFU + PBS group.Conclusions The submicrobubble exhibited sound imaging performance,and it can be use in the ultrasound therapeutics in the future.

Objective To investigate the expressions of Pokemon and c-myc in colorectal cancer,colorectal adenomas and normal colorectal mucosa tissues,and demonstrate its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer.Methods The specimens were taken from colorectal cancer tissue of 86 patients,colorectal adenomas tissue of 60 patients,and 40 normal colorectal mucosa tissue.The expressions of Pokemon and c-myc protein were detected by immunohistochemistry,and the expressions of Pokemon and c-myc gene were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The correlation between the expressions of Pokemon and c-myc,and clinicopathological features was analyzed.Results The positive expression rates of Pokemon and c-myc protein in colorectal cancer tissue were significantly higher than those in colorectal adenomas tissue and normal colorectal mucosa tissue:69.8％ (60/86) vs.13.3％ (8/60) and 5.0％ (2/40),73.3％ (63/86) vs.15.0％ (9/60) and 2.5％(1/40),and the expression levels of Pokemon and c-myc gene in colorectal cancer tissue were significantly higher than those in colorectal adenomas tissue and normal colorectal mucosa tissue:0.915 ±0.247 vs.0.358 ±0.102 and 0.277 ±0.085,1.272 ±0.360 vs.0.398 ± 0.153 and 0.255 ±0.097,there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).The expression levels of Pokemon and c-myc gene in colorectal cancer tissue had a close correlation with the degree of infiltration,histological differentiation,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis and Dukes stage,there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05),but had no correlation with the sex,age,and tumor diameter (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The expression levels of Pokemon and c-myc are higher in colorectal cancer tissue,and the expressions are related to the clinicopathological features of colorectal cancer.The expression levels of Pokemon and c-myc may predict the prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer.

Background and purpose: Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare malignant neoplasm characterized by slow growth and indolent behavior, and most of the patients had metastases in diagnoses. This study was to define clinical features and assess prognostic factors of ASTS. Methods: Between January 2003 and December 2008, there were 15 patients with ASTS who received treatment and were followed up in the Department of Orthopedic Ontology of Peking University People's Hospital. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical factors of the disease related to prognosis: gender, age, tumor size, primary tumor site, metastatic sites, local recurrence, the roles of postoperative radiotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy. Resnlts: At a follow-up from 7 to 76 months, only 2 patients had local recurrences after excision, but there was a high incidence of pulmonary metastases. Only 6 patients achieved disease free survival, 5 patients died of metastases or other complications. The five-year overall survival rates was 41.7%, and the median survival time was 42.0 months. Univariate analysis and Cox regression analysis revealed that tumor size, tumor primary site and metastases at diagnoses were prognostic factors, but not gender and age, Conclusion: Alveolar soft part sarcoma is a high grade malignant soft tissue neoplasm with frequent metastases to lung, bone or brain. Tumor size, primary tumor site and metastases at diagnoses are some of the prognostic factors. Chemotherapy or radiotherapy after surgery have no benefit to the survival in our analysis. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify the best strategy for the treatment of ASPS.