Objective To compare the effects and cost of peripheral intravenous catheter (PIV) and peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) on very low birth weight infants (VLBWI).Methods From July 2013 to August 2015,95 VLBWI with PICC (PICC group) and 90 VLBWI with PIV (PIV group) admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Changzhi Maternal and Child Care Hospital were included in the analysis.The two groups were compared in body mass increase,average length of hospital stay,incidence of catheter-related complications,and care cost and effect.Results The body mass increase per weak was higher in the PICC group than in the PIV group,with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The average length of hospital stay in the PICC group was shorter than that in the PIV group [(48.2 ± 5.2) d vs.(53.2 ± 8.1) d,P ＜ 0.05].The incidence of catheter-related complications was lower in the PICC group than in the PIV group (35.4％ vs.44.9％),including phlebitis (PICC group,21 person-times;PIV group,169 person-times),liquid leakage or exosmose (PICC group,2 person-times;PIV group,185 person-times),and catheter prolapse (PICC group,3 person-times;PIV group,145 person-times) with statistically significant differences (all P ＜ 0.05),and catheter blockage (PICC group,7 person-times;PIV group,84 person-times) and other complications such as venous embolism and infection (PICC group,1 person-time;PIV group,3 person-times) with no statistically significant differences (all P ＞ 0.05).The average monthly cost in the PICC group (1 951.5 yuan) was lower than that in the PIV group (2 008.5 yuan),and the cost of single insertion in the PICC group (1 691.5 yuan) was higher than that in the PIV group (129.9 yuan),the cost-effectiveness was better in the PICC group than in the PIV group (30.22 vs.36.45).Conclusions For VLBWI,PICC can reduce the times of venous puncture,the incidence of complications,and promote body mass increase.However,the monthly cost was similar between the two groups in this study,possibly because of the short-time of this study.The advantages in cost-effectiveness of PICC may become more prominent when the catheter dwelling time extends.

Objective:To investigate the expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 4 (HER4) and metastasis-related protein (MMP-9) in human esophageal carcinoma tissues, and their relationship with clinicopathological features of the disease. Methods:Immunohistochemical Envision technique was applied to detect the expressions of HER4 and MMP-9 in 45 specimens of esophageal carcinoma tissues, paracancerous tissues and normal tissues. Statistical method was used to analyze the association of the positivity of HER4 with clinical pathological index and MMP-9 expression.Results:The positive rates of HER4 expression were 73.3%, 33.3%, and 2.2% in 45 specimens of esophageal carcinoma tissues, paracancerous tissues, and normal tissues, respectively. The expression of HER4 was correlated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis (P<0.01), but not correlated with histological grade (P>0.05). The expression of MMP-9 correlated with T stage, invasion depth, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Conclusion:The expression of HER4 is apparently different in esophageal carcinoma tissues, paracancerous tissues, and normal tissues. Its positive expression in esophageal carcinoma tissues is correlated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. The expression of MMP-9 in esophageal carcinoma tissues is correlated with the T stage, TNM staging, and lymph node metastasis. The positive expression of HER4 in esophageal carcinoma tissues is associated with the expressions of MMP-9.

Streptozotocin-induced diabetic model was prepared in Wistar rats and the blood glucose levels were controlled at 3 levels of＜10,10-14 mmol/L or＞16.7 mmol/L by insulin,and changes of glucose transporter(GLUT)1 and 3 protein expressions of brain were observed in control rats and diabetic rats with different blood glucose levels by immunohistochemistry.The results showed that chronic hyperglycemia could decrease the protein expressions of GLUT 1 and GLUT3.

Objective To understand the species,species distribution,the dominant species and their interspecies interaction of chigger mites on Eothenomys miletus(a dominant species of rats)in Yunnan.Method The rats were captured with mouse traps in 16 counties(or cities)during 2000-2004.All mites on the surface of two auricles of the hosts were collected and identified.The patch index(m*/m)and the coefficient of association(V)were adopted to judge the spatial distribution patterns and interspecies interaction of the dominant chigger mite species among different individuals of the rats(E.miletus).Results 1157 individuals of E.miletus were captured from 16 counties(citys).37613 chigger mites(belonging to 3 subfamily,9 genus and 80 species)were collected from the auricles(body surface)of 1157 rat hosts with a high “overall mite infestation rate”(68.2%)and “overall mite index”(32.5).Six species of mites were found dominant on E.miletus:Leptotrombidium scutellare,Leptotrombidium sinicum,Helenicula simena,Leptotrombidium eothenomydis,Herpetacarus hastoclavus and Leptotrombidium hiemalis.The distribution of the chigger mites among different individuals of E.miletus showed an aggregation pattern.Both positive and negative association existed between each two dominant species of chigger mites.Conclusion The species composition of chigger mites on Eothenomys miletus is complex with abundant individuals,which reflects a high species diversity of the mites.The main species of chigger mites tend to an aggregation on the body surface of E.miletus.

Objective To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of BARD 1 gene and BRCA1 gene in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).Methods Nineteen EOC patients with BRCA1 gene mutation and 50 EOC cases without BRCA1 gene mutation between January 2016 and October 2016 were collected,and all EOC were diagnosed by pathological method.BARD1 gene variants were detected by next generation sequencing (NGS).The SNP of BARD1 gene was analyzed by Pearson linear correlation.Logistic regression analysis was used to research the clinicopathologic features and BRCA1 gene mutation associated with BARD1 gene SNP.Pearson's chi-square test was used to analyze the association between BARD1 gene Val507Met,Arg378Ser and Pro24Ser with different clinicopathologic features and BRCA1 gene mutation risk.Results (1) Eight BARD1 gene variants were found in 69 ovarian cancer patients,in which Val507Met,Arg378Ser and Pro24Ser were common variants,and the rate of mutation were all 54％ (37/69).(2) There was a significant linear correlation among Val507Met,Arg378Ser and Pro24Ser (all P＜0.01).(3) Obvious differences were found in Val507Met,Arg378Ser and Pro24Ser of BARD1 gene between BRCA1+ and BRCA1 (all P＜0.05).(4) No differences were found between BARD1 gene Val507Met,Arg378Ser and Pro24Ser and the clinicopathologic features (all P＞0.05),while obvious differences were found in BRCA1 gene mutation compared to the controls group.The risk of BRCA1 mutation in Val507Met and Arg378Ser were more evident in subjects with negative family history,positive menopause history,negative tubal ligation,onset age (≤60 years old) and sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy in EOC (all P＜0.05),while Pro24Ser was only more evident in positive menopause history of EOC (P＜0.05).Conclusions BARD1 Val507Met,Arg378Ser and Pro24Ser are the common genotypes,which are associated with BRCA1 mutation in EOC.The family history,menopause history,tubal ligation,onset age and sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy have effects on BARD1 SNP in the risk of BRCA1 gene mutation.

Objective:To investigate the expression levels of PPARα/γin RAW264. 7 cells in the early stages of co-cultivation with Echinococcus granulosus in vitro. Methods:RAW264. 7 cells were co-cultured with E. granulosus and collected at 12,24,36,48, 72 h. The mRNA levels of PPAR-γ,PPAR-α,M1 macrophages-associated cytokines including TNF-α,MCP-1 and IL-1β,and M2 mac-rophages-associated cytokines including Arg-1,TGF-β and Fizz-1 were detected by qRT-PCR. The protein levels of Arg-1 and MR were analyzed by ELISA. Results:The expression levels of PPAR-γ, PPAR-αand the M2 macrophages-associated cytokines including Arg-1,TGF-β,Fizz-1 and MR were significantly increased,especially at 72 h (P<0. 05). M1 macrophages-associated cytokines including TNF-α,MCP-1 and IL-1β were decreased at 72h although increased at first. Conclusion:During the early stages of co-cultivation with Echinococcus granulosus in vitro, the levels of PPAR-γ/α are up-regulated in RAW264. 7 cells, which may drive macrophage polarization and play a role in the immune escape.

Objective To explore the value of ductus arteriosus in ultrasound diagnosis of fetal congenital heart disease by echocardiography. Methods The fetal echocardiography was performed with three segments diagnosis method. According to the fetal position, the ductus arteriosus was examined in different sections which include the V shape sign section formed by ductus arteriosus and right pulmonary artery,the V shape sign section formed by ductus arteriosus and the gorge of aortic arch,the three fingers sign section formed by ductus arteriosus,left and right pulmonary artery,the Z shape sign section formed by left pulmonary artery, ductus arteriosus and the gorge of aortic arch. The flow velocity and the inner diameter of the ductus arteriosus were measured. Results Thirty-one cases with congenital heart disease were evaluted. Thirteen cases were approved by autopsy. Among those fetus, 4 cases went with ductus arteriosus stenosis and they all accompanied with right heart obstructing disease,3 cases went with dilated ductus arteriosus and they all accompanied with left heart obstructing disease. Retrograde were explored in 2 fetus. The flow velocity of 5 fetus ductus arteriosus were higher than the normal fetus and 4 cases of them with right heart obstruction, 1 cases with left heart obstruction. Five fetal ductus arteriosus were normal. One fetal ductus arteriosus was absent. Conclusions Assessant of ductus arteriosus by echocardiography is an important content in screening fetal congenital heart disease. It can help us to diagnose quickly.

Objective To analyze the ultrasound findings of urinary calculi caused by melamine. Methods The urinary system of totally 5337 children were examined with high frequency convex ultrasound probe,the characteristics of the images were analysed. CT plain scan method was used when ultrasound result was in difficulty. Results There were 360 cases with calculus in the 5337 children. In the 360 cases, unilateral calculus was in 92 cases, bilateral calculus in 48, bladder stone in 3, urethra stone in 1, kidney calcium deposition in 2, suspicion stone in 214 cases, urinary obstruction in 28 of them. The size of the stones ranged from 3 mm×2 mm to stag-horn calculus. Conclusions The urinary calculi caused by melamine is sandy stone. Ultrasound result is equivocal in the disease, CT plain scan can be a method of choice. High frequency convex probe provides more clear images, more evident adminstrative levels of anatomise than general abdominal probe does. It is beneficial for diagnosing and differential diagnosing of these diseases.

Objective:To analyze the prevalence of syphilis infection and influence factors of syphilis infection among the male STD attendants in Songyuan City of Jilin Province, and to provide theoretical basis for the development and implementation of syphilis intervention policy.Methods:A questionnaire survey and serological tests were conducted among the men who went to STD clinic for treatment in the ZhanDong Dermatology Specialist Hospital or Qianguo County Hospital in Songyuan City from 2011 to 2015.Chi-square test was performed to compare the prevalences of syphilis infection between different groups.Multivariable Logistic regression model was used to find the independent factors of syphilis infection among the male STD attendants.Results:Of all 2 000 male STD attendants who involved in the study,the mean age was (34.50±9.03)years old.218 persons (10.90%)of them had sexual behavior with female sex workers in the last three months,433 persons (21.65%)of them had temporary sexual behavior in the last three months,42 persons (2.10%)of them had homosexual behavior in the last three months.Of the respondents,238 persons (11.90%)had a previous diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases,86 persons of them had gonorrhea (36.13%),43 persons had syphilis (18.07%),15 persons had genital tract Chlamydia (6.30%),55 persons had genital herpes (23.11%),40 persons had genital herpes (16.81%),and 1 person had combined infection of gonorrhea and syphilis. The prevalence of syphilis of 2 000 male STD attendants was 6.4%.From 2011 to 2015,there was a decrease in the prevalences of syphilis (χ2 =44.25,P <0.001).In the last 3 months, the risk of the male STD attendants who had commercial sex with prostitute,temporary sex behavior,homosexual behavior and a history of STD infection to be infected with syphilis in the past were 3.75 times (OR= 3.75,95% CI:2.46 - 5.71),2.31 times (OR = 2.31,95% CI: 1.56 - 3.41),2.97 times (OR=2.97,95%CI:1.33-6.64)and 1.69 times (OR=1.69,95%CI:1.07-2.67)than those who did not have those behaviors,respectively. Conclusion:There is a significantly decreasing tendency in the prevalence of syphilis among the male STD attendants in Songyuan City in the past 5 years.The high risk sexual behaviors are the main influence factors of syphilis infection among them.

Objective To investigate the proliferative characteristics of fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLS)in osteoarthritis in vitro and the mechanism of the immunosuppressive effect of total glucusides of paeony(TGP).Methods FLS of OA and non-inflamed synovium(NS)were cultured and identified in vitro in the presence or absence of TGP.After incubation,the survival fraction(SF)of FLS was evaluated by MTI' and the TNF-?,IFN-?and bFGF level in cultured FLS supernatant was measured by ELISA.The expression of FLS c-los mRNA and cell cycle of OA-FLS was observed by RT-PCR and flow eytometry respectively at the same time.Results No statistical significant differences were noted between the OA and NS FLS in pro- liferating double time.High doses of TGP suppressed FLS-SF more evidently in OA patients than in NS(P0.05).Conclusion High dose TGP can inhibit OA-FLS proliferation,modulate cy- tokine secretion and c-fos expression in OA.This suggests that TGP has immunosuppressive effect on OA syn- ovitis,probably by preventing the synovial hypertrophy in OA.