Objective To investigate the short-term and long-term effect of motor imagery training on visual imagery and kinesthetic imagery of athletes.Methods Twenty athletes majoring in the sports training of Capital University of Physical Education were selected into the experimental group,while 20 counterparts majoring in the human kinetic science were selected into the control group.All subjects received motor imagery training,and were assessed their visual imagery and kinesthetic imagery at three before the training,as well as ten minutes and 48 hours after the training.Results The repetitive measurement and analysis of variance showed that the visual imagery and kinesthetic imagery scores had the main effect of time factor [FvI (2,37)=7.57,P＜0.01;FK1 (2,37)=ll.75,P＜0.01)],as the scores were the highest at ten minutes after training,the second highest at 48 hours after training and the lowest before training.The visual imaginary scores increased significantly after the training,but had no significant difference 48 hours after the training compared to that before the training.After the training the kinesthetic imagery scores increased significantly and then declined slowly,and there were significant differences in the score before and 48 hours after the training (P=0.009).The experimental group and the control group had the same change trend in the visual and kinesthetic imagery scores.The average scores of the former group were higher than the latter at the same time points but without significant differences.The visual and kinesthetic imagery scores had no main effect of group factor,and there was no interaction effect of time factor and group factor.Conclusion Motor imagery training could increase the ability of visual and kinesthetic imagery of people never participating in motor imagery training and the short-term effect was more obvious.The long term effect of motor imagery training was more significant on kinesthetic imagery than visual imagery.

Using sustained release tablets of gardenia extract as model drug and DPPH radical scavenging capacity as antioxidant index, the feasibility of using pharmacodynamics index was explored to evaluate sustained release tablets. Applying the established quantifiable method of DPPH radical scavenging to the dissolved liquid of model drug, release profiles and biological effects profiles were drawn, and their correlation was discussed. A good correlation was observed by linear regression and f2 actor, suggesting that the indicator could be used to evaluate sustained release tabletsofextracts of gardenia in which iridoids were mainly involved.
Antioxidants ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Biphenyl Compounds ; metabolism ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Free Radicals ; metabolism ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Linear Models ; Oxidation-Reduction ; drug effects ; Picrates ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Tablets

A strain named as WJ44 with capability of producing branched-chain aminotransferase was isolated from the soil, the enzyme activity is especially high when used leucine as a substrate. According to the physiological characteristics, biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA sequence of WJ44, the strain was identified as Bacillus cereus. The optimal carbon source and nitrogen source were also determined as 20 g/L glucose, 15 g/L tryptone and 5 g/L beef extract, respectively. The optimal proportion of other component in the medium is corn steep liquor 15 g/L, KH2PO4 3 g/L, MgSO4?7H2O 0.5 g/L. The optimum original pH value is 7.0, the cultural temperature is 37℃, liquid volume is 20 mL/250 mL, the shaker’s rotating speed is 200 r/min. The highest leucine transferase activity of 45.787 U/mL was achieved after 10 h under the opti- mal condition, and the dry weight of cell is 8.643 g/L, increased by 54% and 10% respectively. This result shows that WJ44 is a branched-chain aminotransferase-production strain with fine capability.

Objective To study the effects of intraoporative radio-frequency ablation on immune functions and survival of patients with multiple large hepatic cancer. Methods Forty five admitted patients with multiple large hepatic cancer from January 2003 to January 2007 were devided into: simple hepatic artery embohzation chemotherapy group (TACE group, n = 20) , local resection of multiple lesion + TACE (LR group, n = 13), and TACE + intraoperative radio-frequency ablation (IRFA group, n = 12). The changes of peripheral blood T-cell subsets were evaluated using flow cytometry, and a comparison of the complete remission rate and survival rate between the 3 groups was made and the survival rate analyzed with Kaplan-Meier method, the validity check with long-rank method. Results CD4+ , NK, and CD4+/ CD8+radio significantly increased 4 weeks after treatment only in IRFA group. The immune function was suppressed during the first week after treatment in local resection group. Tumor complete remission rate in IRFA group, local resection group and simple TACE group were 41.70%, 46. 20% and 25.50% respectively, the difference was not statistically significant between the 3 groups (x2 = 1.81, P > 0.05). the 1.5 year and 2.0 year survival rate in the 3 groups were 75.00%, 69. 20%, 30% (x2 = 7.96, P < 0.05) and 50.00%, 23.10%, 10. 00% respectively (x2 = 18.98 ,P <0.05), the mean survival period of patients in the 3 groups was 26. 56 months, 21.04 months, and 16.41 months respectively (x2 = 14.69, P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed the overall survival rate in the IRFA group was significantly higher than that of the other 2 groups (x2 = 4.635, P < 0.05). The prolongation of the survival period in patient with multiple macronodular hepatic cancer after IRFA treatment was mainly due to the prolongation of survival period in tumor bearing patients (IRFA group vs LR group, x2= 4.615, P < 0.05). Conclusion IRFA prolongs the survival of patients with multiple macranodular hepatic cancer possibly by enhancing the functions of cellular immunity.

Objective To investigate the clinical symptoms and MRI imaging findings in patients with autoim-mune encephalitis and to improve clinician's understanding about the clinical and imaging characteristics of autoim-mune encephalitis. Methods We analyzed the clinical features and MRI findings of 33 patients with autoimmune en-cephalitis in our department. Results Of these 33 patients, 27 (81.8%) had psychiatric symptoms, 26 (78.8%) had seizure, 18 (54.5%) had involuntary movement, 11 (33.3%) had fever and 9 (27.3%) patients presented with cen-tral hypoventilation, the present of involuntary movement and fever was lower in group LE than in group NMDA. A total of 10 patients had positive MRI finding. Of these 10 patients, 8 had brain parenchyma lesions, 3 had meningeal involvement. The most likely affected parenchymal lesions are occipital lobe, bilateral hippocampus, frontal lobe, pari-etal lobe, temporal lobe, thalamus and cerebellum. Conclusion Psychiatric symptoms and seizure are the most com-mon neurological symptoms of autoimmune encephalitis. MRI may show abnormal signals in the limbic system. FLAIR is the most sensitive MR imaging sequence for detection of autoimmune encephalitis lesions.

Objective To investigate the effect of cordyceps sinensis from different origins on immune response in mice. Methods Cordyceps sinensis from two origins were prepared into powder, and then the mice were divided into high, middle and low dose(0.4,0.2,0.1 g.kg-1)groups, respectively.In addition, purified water was given as the normal control group.Effects of cordyceps from two different origins were observed by detecting spleen lymphocyte proliferation induced by ConA, delayed type hypersensitivity ( DTH) in mice induced by sheep red blood cells ( SRBC ) , the number of antibody-producing cells, carbon clearance and peritoneal macrophages Swallow fluorescent microspheres, as well as the activity of NK cells. Results The ability of spleen lymphocyte proliferation induced by ConA, carbon clearance and peritoneal macrophages Swallow fluorescent microspheres, and the activity of NK cells were significantly enhanced in the middle and high dose group of two different origins cordyceps, compared with normal control group (P<0.05).Additionally, the number of antibody-producing cells was obviously increased in medium dose group of both origins cordyceps and decreased in the high dose group (P<0.05).The middle and high dose Qinghai cordyceps significantly improved DTH in mice, while Tibet cordyceps sinensis had no obvious effect, and there was significant difference (P<0.05) between the high dose group of Qinghai and three dose groups of Tibet Cordyceps sinensis.In addition, levels of serum hemolysin in mice were significantly increased in the middle and high dose group of Qinghai and high dose group of Tibet Cordyceps sinensis (P<0.05), and the differences of corresponding medium and high doses of two origins were significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusion Cordyceps sinensis of both different regions significantly improved the immune response of mice.However, the efficacy between the two origins was roughly equivalent and had no significant difference.

Objective To explore the synergetic effect of HBX protein and M2 macrophages in inflammatory microenvironment on invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Methods Hep3B cells were infected with recombinant lentivirus carrying HBx gene,following co-culture with THP-1 original M2 macrophages.The cells were divided into six groups:two infected groups (Hep3B +and Hep3B + + M2),four non-infected groups (Hep3B-,Hep3B-+ LV5,Hep3B-+ M2,Hep3B-+LV5 + M2).Western blot (WB) was used to assess the expression changes of E-cadherin and N-cadherin,markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).The cellular location of EMT markers was observed by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy.Transwell assay was used to evaluate the invasion ability of Hep3B cells.Results HBX protein overexpressed in Hep3B cells by lentivirus infection.After 72 h co-culture with M2 macrophages,WB results showed that E-cadherin descreased significantly in Hep3B+ (0.42 ±0.11) when compared with Hep3B-(1.00 ±0.18) (t =4.762,P ＜0.05),while N-cadherin was significantly higher in Hep3B + (2.85 ± 0.44) than in Hep3B-(1.00 ± 0.17) (t =4.762,P ＜ 0.05).M2macrophages decreased E-cadherin expression in Hep3 B + + M2 (0.1 ± 0.13) compared with Hep3 B + (t =3.255,P ＜0.05),while N-cadherin expression increased in Hep3B+ + M2 (4.18 ± 0.52) (t=10.009,P ＜ 0.05).Non-Infected groups didn't change the markers of E-cadherin and N-cadherin.It was suggested that invasion ability of Hep3B increased by HBx overexpression.Conclusions HBX protein and M2 macrophages synergetically mediated the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by EMT.

Objective To investigate if down regulation of MTDH could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in breast cancer SK-BR-3 cells.Methods RNA interference was employed to reduce MTDH expression in human breast cancer SK-BR-3 cells.Western blot assay was applied to measure the down regulation of MTDH.MTT assay was performed to assess the proliferation of SK-BR-3 cell.Flow cytometry was employed to detect cell cycle and apoptosis.Western blot assay was applied to detect the molecular alterations that was associated with cell proliferation,cell cycle and apoptosis.Results MTDH down regulation significantly inhibited cell proliferation.48 hours and 72 hours after trasnfection,the absorbance value(A value)in blank control,negative control and treatment group was (2.0 ± 0.1) vs (1.9 ± 0.3) vs (0.9 ± 0.1) (P =0.02) and (2.7 ± 0.2) vs (2.5 ± 0.4) vs (1.3 ± 0.2) (P =0.008).MTDH down regulation resulted in accumulation of the G0/G1 phase cells and reduction of S and G2/M phase cells.Moreover,MTDH down regulation significantly induced cell apoptosis.The cell apoptosis rate in blank control,negative control and trial group was (1.3 ± 0.2) ％,(1.4 ± 0.3) ％ and (19.6 ± 2.7) ％ (P =0.012).MTDH down regulation resulted in a decreased expression of cyclinD1 and Bcl-2,an increased expression of P21 and the activation of caspase-3.Conclusions Reduced MTDH expression in SKBR-3 cells can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis,which may be associated with decreased expression of cyclinD1 and Bcl-2,an increased expression of P21 and the activation of caspase-3.

This study was aimed to search anti-platelet aggregation effectors from Gardenia jasminoides extract with the employment of platelet affinity extraction method coupled with HPLC, in order to provide pharmacological experi-mental evidences of the selected effectors to verify its feasibility. Under physiological conditions, washed rat platelets were added into G. jasminoides extract and then a mixture was gained. Consequently, some components from G. jas-minoides extract were combined to the platelets in the mixture while some were not owing to their special chemical structures and properties. Firstly, the uncombined components were washed off from the mixture. Secondly, the com-bined components in the leftover was washed down and collected, respectively, right after destroying the occupied platelets' structures. Thirdly, different collected eluents were analyzed, respectively, by HPLC established in the pre-vious work to search the effectors. Fourthly, pharmacological experiments were implemented for confirmation. The re-sults showed that dominant effective components from G. jasminoides extract acting on anti-platelet aggregation were identified as geniposide. Further evident was provided as well by pharmacological experiment that geniposide exhibit-ed significant inhibitory effect on anti-platelet aggregation in rats induced by ADP, rat tail collagen and thrombin(P< 0.01). It was concluded that the platelet affinity extraction-HPLC method proposed in this paper can be utilized to analyze the correlation of effectors from G. jasminoides extract and its pharmacological effects. Moreover, there are some correlations between screened chemical substances and their pharmacological effects.

In order to test the equilibrium solubility of puerarin in different solvents and solubilizer,cilia toxicity and irritation of these excipient, the balance method, toad in the ciliary body toxicity and rat nasal mucosa irritation were used respectively. Results showed that puerarin solubility was 56.44 g x L(-1) in combined solvent of 30% PEG200 and 10% Kolliphor HS 15. With normal saline solution as negative control and sodium deoxycholate as positive control, the effects of 30% PEG200, 30% PEG 400, 10% Kolliphor HS 15 and combination of 30% of PEG200 and 10% Kolliphor HS 15 on toad palate cilium were observed and cilia movement duration was recorded. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in cilia movement duration among 30% PEG200, 10% Kolliphor HS 15 and normal saline group. The rats long-term nasal mucous membrane irritation of 30% PEG 400, 10% Kolliphor HS 15, which had no cilia toxicity, was studied, with normal saline solution as negative control. There were no significant difference revealed on rat nasal mucosa epithelial thickness among 30% PEG 400, 10% Kolliphor HS 15 and normal saline. Above researches showed 30% PEG 400, 10% Kolliphor HS 15 was ideal for solubility of puerarin nasal drops and showed a lower cilia toxicity and irritation, and can be used as the solvent and solubilizer of puerarin nasal drops.
Administration, Intranasal ; methods ; Animals ; Anura ; Cilia ; chemistry ; Female ; Isoflavones ; chemistry ; Male ; Nasal Mucosa ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Solubility ; Solvents ; chemistry