The discovery of the nerve growth factor(NGF),a specific protein material,by Rita Levi-Montalcini and her colleagues(1954)led to the observation that ifNGF is added to the culture medium,sympathetic and sensory neurons grow well inculture,for it is a potent and specific maintenance factor for these two types of neu-rons.Therefore,we chose the superior cervical ganglion(SCG)as a model systemfor nerve tissue culture in order to study the development,differentiation and rege-neration of nervous tissue in vitro.This report presents what we have observed onthe cultures of SCG that have been successfully established in our laboratory bymeans of explant technique.SCG from newborn rats were explanted onto collagen or plasma-coated coverslipsand maintained in Maximow depression slide assemblies at 37℃.The fluid me-dium was replaced twice a week and consisted of 1/3 calf serum,1/3 synthetic medium199 and 1/3 Hanks' BSS,or of equal parts of calf serum and Hanks' BSS,supplementedwith 600 mg% glucose.NGF(a crude extract of mouse salivary gland)was added tothe medium in a proportion of 1:20;for control,no NGF was added to the medium in some cultures.The cultures were examined microscopically every day,Nissl's stai-ned,Bodian's protargol and ammonium silver impregnated preparations were madeperiodically.Time lapse microcinematographic records were also made.We have planted altogether 209 SCG from newborn rats.All of them grew suc-cessfully in culture with NGF or without NGF,but the SCG with NGF grew muchmore rapidly than those without NGF.NGF strongly stimulates the outgrowth ofneurites and maintains the survival of the sympathetic neurons.Neurites grew outindividually or,more frequently,as bundles extending radially toward the peripheryor forming a meshwork.The tips of elongating neurites expanded to form growthcones from which are projected long slender microspikes(filopodia).These microspi-kes continually waved about,extending,and retracting as the growth cone movedover a substratum.The behavior of the growing tip of neurite is best analyzed bytime lapse microcinematography.The Schwann cells emerged from the explant andproliferate to accompany the neurites.These cells,fusiform or filiform in shape,were usually arranged in alignment along the neurites.They could be easily distingui-shed from fihroblasts.Mitosis of Schwann cells had been observed and recorded bytime lapse microcinematography.The bodies of the sympathetic neurons did not mig-rate away from the explant.

Objective To explore the role of rescue video logical slice and interactive analysis in the continuous improvement of quality of emergency care of multiple injury. Methods To establish a management team for the rescue video interactive analysis. From May, 2015 to April, 2016, every Wednesday from 8:00-11:00 am, the data of multi-injury patients registered in our management software of critical emergency cases were selected. A typical case study of the rescue video logical slices were processed through sorting the video cases in the video surveillance system installed in the emergency room. According to the characteristics of diagnosis and treatment of multiple injury, the evaluation indexes of nursing quality in emergency treatment of multiple injury were formulated and video data was analyzed interactively by using the failure mode analysis and root cause analysis. Based on the above analyzed results, the quality of emergency care of Multiple Injury was controlled and improved. Before and after performing the rescue video logic slices and interactive analysis management, the examined results of multiple injury first-aid nursing quality index, as well as the rate of patients satisfaction and nursing defects were compared. Results Before the implementation of the above method, the time of emergency treatment for multiple injury, the rate of patients with successful rescue, the rate of patient transport defect and the rate of missing items in the rescue unit were respectively as follows:(87.1±7.4)min, 90.77%(59/65), 30.77%(20/65), 12.31%(8/65),whereas after the implementation, the relevant data were (57.5 ± 5.2) min, 100.00%(68/68), 10.29%(7/68), 2.94%(2/68). The comparative difference before and after the implementation was statistically significant (t=26.84, χ2=2.15, 2.72, 1.72, all P < 0.05). Besides, the satisfaction with the various evaluations of patients′ family members was increased and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=15.45-23.21, P<0.05). Conclusions The introduction of rescue video slices and interactive analysis can effectively reduce the patient′s rescue time, improve the success rate of patients rescues, decrease the rate of patient transport defect and missing items in the rescue unit, effectively control the quality of links, improve the management efficiency, and thus realize the standardized management under normal working condition.

When a section is divided into two or more sections in hospital,patients must be assigned to the new section along with all medical data.With SQL commands,data is transferred according to the patient's section division.This method is also fit for the case that the section is divided while the nursing unit is not.

AIM:To investigate the validity of Rorschach inkblot method (RIM) in personality research by calculating the correlation of RIM with 16 personality factor questionnaire (16 PF).METHODS: Totally 70 undergraduates participated in the examination with RIM and 16 PF, then the correlations of all the variables of two measuring techniques were calculated. Standard score of comprehensive system was used in RIM.RESULTS: Some important Rorschach variables were correlated significantly with 16PF factors, and the correlations are consistent with their meaning. Some variables correlated with 16PF factors but were irrelevant in meaning.CONCLUSION: The results support the validity of RIM in personality study, and they also demonstrate that comprehensive system cannot well annotate RIM, but the meaning of some variables should be further researched.

BACKGROUND: Item response theory (IRT) is widely used in the westem world, but its use for non-cognitive measurement has been very limited in China. It is necessary to explore whether IRT is applicable in non-cognitive settings and find the optimal model.OBJECTIVE: To find the optimal IRT model for self-report questionnaire analysis with the instance of emotional competence scale (ECS) and compare the effectiveness of different models in light of model data fitting and the volume of information provision.DESIGN: A comparative study of different psychometric models tested with the same data set.SETTING: Shandong Laiwu Vocational and Technical College; Department of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 617 college students of Shandong Normal University (311 males and 306 females)and 564 senior high school students of the 17 Laiwu High School (283 males and 281females) participated in the study during May 2004.METHODS: Emotional competence scale (ECS) was adopted for psychometric measurement for 5-point Likert-type items. The scale was divided into 9 subscales, namely impulse control, empathy, persistency, interpersonal intimacy, social skills, emotional regulation, emotional stability, sense of responsibility, and self-confidence. One-parameter, two-parameter and three-parameter logistic model and grade response model were used for analysis of the 9 subscales, followed by goodness of fit test (analogous to Chi-square test) and comparison of the measurement precision (reliability)of the three models.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Log-likelihood ratio, average χ2 statistics and average volume of information when one-parameter, two-parameter and three-parameter Logistic model.RESULTS: Totally 1 220 questionnaires were handed out and 1 181 with valid answers were obtained. Comparison of the 3 logistic model showed that the two-parameter logistic model had the least log-likelihood with the least items whose mean square residual error were greater than 2, and the volume of test information was greater than that provided by one-parameter model and no less than the three-parameter model. Therefore, the two-parameter logistic model was the best for 2-point scoring model. But the measurement precision of two-parameter Logistic model was lower than that of multi-grade response model.CONCLUSION: When 2-point items are adopted in self-report questionnaire, 2-parameter logistic model can be applied but not 1- or 3-parameter Logistic models. But when the questionnaire uses items that have more than 2 response grades, the measurement precision can be better than that of 2-point data. Merge of the options for the items may result in lowered measurement precision.

Motor cortex electrical stimulation was first used in the clinical treatment of central pain in 1989.Recently,this technique has been used to treat post-stroke movement disorders and better efficacy has also been obtained.Its mechanisms may include regulating cortex-basal ganglia circuits,exciting the activation of the motor cortex on the affected side but inhibiting the activation of the motor cortex on the contralateral side.regulating the plasticity of brain and resynchronization of electric activity.This article reviews the possible mechanisms,operative methods.clinical efficacy and existing problems.

As an important transmembrane protein in brain microvascular endothelial cells tight junction, occludin plays important roles in regulating and maintaining blood-brain barrier permeability. Its abnormal expression can increase blood-brain barrier permeability. In order to provide some theoretical supports for the roles of studying occludin intensively in the mechanisms of blood-brain barrier permeability-related diseases and targets for pharmacological intervention, this article reviews the roles of occludin in the molecular composition and functional maintenance of blood-brain barrier tight junction, as well as the changes of cerebral microvascular permeability during hypoxia.

Objective To evaluate the value of joint inspection of rheumatoid factor ( RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies(anti-CCP antibody) in rheumatoid arthritis( RA). Methods 125 patients with rheumatic disease were selected,including RA 78 cases,non-RA 47 cases. The quantitative ELISA to detect anti-CCP antibody, latex agglutination to test RF,and the data was analyzed. Results Anti-CCP antibody positive rate was 66. 7% ,RF was 74.4% Joint detection was 62.8% , single positive rate of joint detection was not statistically significant, but the specificity of joint detection was 98.6%,positive likelihood ratio was 29.2, significantly improved compared to individual testing;Sensitivity was 49.6%,negative predictive value was 54% ,significantly lower compared to test a-lone. Conclusion Combined detection was able to improve the specificity,positive likelihood ratio and reduce sensitivity , negative predictive value. It was more useful.

In this paper,based on the present situation of the pharmaceutical education in China,the author brings forward the challenge and opportunity to pharmaceutical education at medical colleges,and then gives us some helpful ideas to solve the problems.

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a kind of autoimmtne disease which may lead to multisystem involvement,with high mortality.As is well known,the prognosis of children is worse than that of adults.Many factors such as genetic factor,environmental factor and the self factors affect the survival of children with systemic lupus erythematosus.In order to improve the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis,this article reviews the recent research of the main factors affecting the prognosis of children with systemic lupus erythematosus.