laboratorian should understand and evaluate them correctly.

Objective To investigate the effects of morphine and tramadol pre-emptive use on the expressions of substance P mRNA (SPmRNA) and calcitonin gene-related peptide mRNA (CGRPmRNA) in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) following acute myocardial ischemia in the rats. Method Twenty-four adult male SD rats weighing 270 to 300 g were randomly (random number) divided into four groups (n = 6, in each): group Ⅰ(sham operation), group Ⅱ (myocardial ischemia), group Ⅲ (morphine pre-emptive use) and group Ⅳ (tramadol pre-emptive use). The left anterior descending branch of coronary artery was occluded (CAO) for 3 hours in rats of group Ⅱ and Ⅳ.In group Ⅲ morphine 1.25 mg·kg-1 was injected through caudal vein 15 minutes before CAO.In group Ⅳ,tramadol 12.5 mg·kg-1 was daministered via caudal vein 15 minutes before CAO.In 3 hours after myocardial ischemia, the tissue of DRG (T1-5) were taken for detecting the expressions of SPmRNA and CGRPmRNA by using RT-PCR. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results In the tissue of DRG, the expressions of SPmRNA(0.93±0.02) ,α-CGRP mRNA(0.98±0.02) and β-CGRP mRNA(0.83 ± 0.02)were up-regulated in group Ⅱ compared with those in group Ⅰ (0.84±0.04),(0.86±0.01),(0.45±0.03) (P ＜0.05),and decreased markedly in group Ⅲ (0.88 ± 0.03) ,(0.90 ± 0.02), (0.67 ± 0.02) (P ＜ 0.05) and group Ⅳ (0.88±0.04) ,(0.90 ± 0.01),(0.66±0.01) (P ＜ 0.05), but showed no difference between group Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusions Morphine and tramadol pre-emptive use can significantly inhibit the expressions of SPmRNA and CGRPmRNA in rat's dorsal root ganglia after CAO.

Although natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery provides excellent cosmesis,it is not being widely accepted because of the restriction in aspects of technology,instruments and ethics.As a bridge,laparoendoscopic single site surgery(LESS)has been widely applied in digestive surgery,including bariatric,gastric,hepatobiliary and colorectal surgery.Although LESS provides excellent cosmetic results,and its safety and feasibility seems similar to conventional laparoscopy in most procedures,its effectiveness in the treatment of malignant tumors still needs to be proved. Compared with conventional laparoscopy,LESS has the drawbacks of longer operation time and higher demand in experience.Besides,because digestive tract reconstruction is often needed after resection,more convenient and applicable instruments need to be invented for the development of LESS.

AIM: To study the efficacy and adverse reactions of venlafaxine in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder.　METHODS: Twenty-one patients (M 13, F 8; age 33 a± s 16 a) with diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder according to CCMD-Ⅱ-R were treated with venlafaxine 50 mg*d-1 for 4 wk. Patients were assessed with the HAMA and TESS and routine experimental examination before and after treatment.　RESULTS: Venlafaxine was obvious effective to generalized anxiety disorder. The effectiveness appeared after 1 wk. The remarkable effective rate was 76% at 4 wk. The main adverse reactions of venlafaxine were thirst, sweating nausea and headache etc. 　CONCLUSION: Venlafaxine is an effective and safe drug in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder.

AIM　To study the chemical constituents of Eclipta prostrata (L). METHODS　The constituents of E.prostrata were systematically separated with the Bohlmann method and percolation and hot extraction methods, and various chromatographies. The structures were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic means. RESULTS　Ten compounds were isolated from the Eclipta prostrata. Their structures were determined as wedelolactone (1), demethylwedelolactone (2), isodemethylwedelolactone (3), α-formylterthienyl (4), strychnolactone (5), β-sitosterol (6), nonacosanol (7), stearic acid (8), lacceroic acid (9), 3,4-dihydoxy benzoic acid (10). Fourteen ocmpounds, including hydrocarbons and its esters were identified by GC-MS from the least polar fractions. CONCLUSION　Compound 3 is a new coumestan named isodemethylwedelolactone. Compounds 2-10 and compounds characterized by GC-MS analysis were obtained for the first time from Eclipta prostrata.

Cyclin E is expressed starting from the middle G1 phase of the cell cycle,and is accumulated in the G1/S boundry.Cyclin E binds to and activates the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK2.Cyclin E-CDK2 complex initiates a cascade of events that leads to DNA replication by phosphorylating its substrates,such as Rb,CDC6,NPAT and P107,etc.Additionally,cyclin E plays an important role in the regulation of genomic stability,spindle-organizing structure and centrosome cycle.Cyclin E expression is trans-activated by members of the transcription factor E2F family and degrades via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.At the same time,it is also negatively regulated by the CIP/KIP proteins.Cyclin E highly expressed in the initiation and progression of different human cancers,such as breast cancers,lung cancers,leukemia,lymphomas and others.

Objective To investigate the effects of tramadol hydrechloride pretreatment on the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in ischemic and non-ischemic myocardium following acute myocardial is-chemia in the rats. Method Eighteen adult male SD rats weighing 270 to 300 g were randomly divided into three groups(n = 6, in each): group Ⅰ ,sham operation; group Ⅱ , myocardial isehemia, and group Ⅲ, tramadol hydrochloride pretreatment. The anterior descending branch of left coronary artery was occluded(CAO)for 3 hours in rats of group Ⅱ and Ⅲ. In group Ⅲ, tramadol hydrochloride 12.5 mg·kg~(-1) was injected through caudal vein 15 minutes before CAO. At 3 hours after myocardial ischemia, the hearts were removed for determination of CGRP protein content in ischemic and non-ischemie myocardium by immuno-histochemistry and enzyme immunometric as-say, and the expression of CGRPmRNA by RT-PCR. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. ResultsOnly β-CGRPmRNA was found in rats myocardium. In the ischemic myocardium, the average light density of CGRP(0.215 ± 0. 100), positive unit (36.95 ± 1.70), concentration (39.06 ± 1.86) and expression of β-CGRP mRNA 0. 946 ± 0. 019) were significantly increased in group Ⅱ compared with those in group Ⅰ (0. 139 ± 0.006), (25.01 ± 1.03), (20.80± 1.24), (0.734±0.025) (P <0.05), and decreased markedly in group Ⅲ(0.158+0.008),(28.53±1.21),(28.58±2.10),(0.872±0.024) (P < 0.05) In the non-ischemic my-ocardium, the average hght density of CGRP(0.156 ± 0.017), positive unit(28.57 ± 2.23), concentration (28.58 ± 1.12) and expression of β-CGRP mRNA(0.810 ± 0.021) were significantly increased in group Ⅱ com-pared with those in group Ⅰ (0.109+0.013, 20.91 ～2.14, 17.35+2.72, 0.701 ～0.018) (P < 0.05), and decreased markedly in group Ⅲ(0.120±0.008), (22.58±1.18), (23.26±2.41), (0.779±0.022) (P < 0.05). Conclusions Tramadol hydrochloride pretreatment can significantly inhibit increase in CGRP expression in myocardium elicited by CAO, which might imply that tramadol hydrochloride might take part in protection of my-ocardium against acute myocardial ischemia by means of pain-relief.

Objective To explore nursing methods of postoperative patients with brain stem tumor complicated with stress hyperglycemia. Methods The medical and nursing measures of 56 postoperative patients with brain stem tumor complicated with stress hyperglycemia were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among 56 cases, 48 cases were clinically cured, 6 cases was improved, 2 cases died of multiple organ failure. Conclusions It is especially important to intensify insulin therapy, necessary to closely observe the patients' consciousness, pupils and the change of vital signs. Meanwhile, strengthening nursing on common complications such as infection and gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and paying more attention to patients' dietary, mental state and rehabilitation are also important measures.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinicopathological significance of matrix metallo-proteinase(MMP-9) and matrix metalloproteinase tissue inhibiting factor-1 (TIMP-1) in colorectal carcinomas.Methods Immunohistochemistry (PowerVision method) in the paraffin embedded tissue samples was used to deter-mine MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in 42 colorectal carcinomas and its adjacent normal colorectal mucosa.The relationship of their expression with some clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed.Results MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were both significantly overexpressed in colorectal carcinomas compared with its adjacent normal colorectal mucosa(69.1% and 61.9% vs.45.2% and 40.5% ,P =0.009 and P =0.004) ,and MMP-9 was positively associated with the re-gional lymph node metastasis,bowel wall invasion and Dukes stage(rs=0.372,P =0.015;rs =0.372,P =0.015;rs = 0.429,P = 0.005).TIMP-1 was positively associated with Dukes stage, bowel wall invasion and regional lymph node metastasis (rs = 0.394, P = 0.010;rs= 0.382,P = 0.013rs = 0.382, P = 0.013 ).There was a positive corre-lafion between the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 (rs=0.641, P <0.001).Conclusion MMP-9 and TIMP-1 may play a key role in colorectal carcinogenesis.Examination of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression may have an impor-tant significance for evaluating prognosis, predicting of invasion and metastasis and comprehensive therapy.

BACKGROUND: A variety of cages for lumbar interbody fusion have been used, which have good mechanics and clinical effects. Conventional posterior fusion requires parallel implantation of two cages, but some researchers believe that single lumbar fusion cage in oblique way is also possible.OBJECTIVE: Through in vitro biomechanical tests, to find a method with favorable effect and little trauma by combination of percutaneous lateral oblique way into the single expansive lumbar fusion cage between the fixed-line operations.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized, controlled experiment was performed at the Shanghai Institute of Biomechanical Engineering between May 2005 and May 2008.MATERIALS: Expansile lumbar interbody fusion cage was simulated from B-Twin Cage (Disc-O-Tech, Israel). Fresh calf lumbar specimens were used.METHODS: Biomechanical tests were performed in 18 specimens of calf lumbar function spinal units (FSU), which were divided into 3 groups: 6 in control group, 6 in single cage groups and 6 in two-cage groups. The biomechanical tests of two experimental groups were performed following tests of intact specimens. Stiffness tests were conducted in the WE-10A MTS,including axial compression, flexion, extension, lateral bending, and torsion.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Axial and torsion stiffness results of each group.RESULTS: The stiffness was greater in two-cage groups compared with single cage group in axial compression and extension, but significant differences were only found in axial compression and extension tests (P < 0.05). The torsion stiffness of single cage group was significantly greater than two-cage groups (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Percutanous lumbar interbody fusion by single expansile lumbar interbody fusion cage from lateral approach is feasible theoretically. Biomechanical properties of FSU with B-Twin cage are improved, which contributes a lot to lumbar stability. Compared with posterior approach of single cage, two-cage can provide better stiffness and stability but its torsion stability is lower.