The mucosal surface of the digestive tract of Ophicephalus argus Cantor was observed with scanning electron microscope. The ultrastructural features of buccopharynx, oesophagus, stomach and intestine were observed. There are many microridges on the surface of mucosal cells of the buccopharynx and oesophagus. On the surface of mucosal cells of the stomach and intestine exist many microvilli, and numerous goblet cells located in the mucosal epithelium of the buccopharynx, oesophagus and intestine. These structural features may be related to feeding habits of Ophicephalus; argus.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression and significance of Fas, FasL and FADD in laryngeal carcinoma. METHODS Immunohistochemical method was used to examine the expression of Fas, FasL and FADD in laryngeal carcinoma specimen and adjacent normal tissues. RESULTS The positive rates of Fas and FADD in laryngeal carcinoma tissue were significantly lower than that in adjacent normal tissue, while FasL in laryngeal carcinoma tissue was higher than that in adjacent normal tissue(P

Objective:To evaluate the effect of preoperative panel reactive antibody(PRA)levels on long-term survival after kidney transplantation. Methods:Data on 1 162 patients underwent first kidney transplantation performed between January 2001 and June 2014 were included in our center. According to the preoperative PRA levels,the patients were divided into negative group( PRA≤10%) and positive group( PRA>10%) ,which were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The 1-,5-,10-year patient survival rates of the negative group calculated by Kaplan-Meier were 96. 8%,89. 4%,78. 6%,respectively,while the positive group were 93. 5%,81. 6%, 65. 4%. The 1-,5-,10 -year death-censored graft survival rates of the negative group were 95. 9%,84. 8%,63. 1%,respectively,while the positive group were 92. 3%,74. 1%,51. 9%. The log-rank test revealed that there was significant difference between the patient and graft survival curves (χ2 =9. 623/11. 019, P=0. 002/0. 001 ) . Cox multivariate analysis found that preoperative PRA levels were independent risk factors for reducing the patient or graft survival rates(P<0. 001). Logistic multivariate regression analysis confirmed the significant association between preoperative PRA levels and the risk of acute rejection ( OR=8. 25,95% CI=2. 86-5. 72, P<0. 001). The 5-,10-year creatinine values were significantly lower in the negative group compared to the positive group(all P<0. 05), while there was no difference in the 1-year. In addition, Logistic multivariate regression analysis confirmed the significant association between preoperative PRA levels and the production of donor specific antibody(DSA)(OR=6. 89,95% CI=4. 52-9. 17,P<0. 05). Conclusion: The detection of preoperative PRA is an important indictor predicting the sensitivity status of the recipients. The preoperative PRA positive recipients need careful monitoring and diagnosis of acute rejection and DSA after kidney transplantation.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the preparation technology of Sinomenine topical paste. METHODS:Using“initial vis-cous force”,“holding viscous force”and“peeling strength”as index,heating and stirring time (A,h),heating temperature (B,℃) and the sequence of adding composition (softening agent,blank matrix and sinomenine)(C) as influential factors,the preparation technology of Sinomenine topical paste was optimized by orthogonal test and verified. At the same time,the content of sinomenine was determined by HPLC method. RESULTS:The optimal preparation technology of Sinomenine topical pasta was as follows as adding blank matrix and sinomenine,and then adding softening agent,heating at 80 ℃,stirring for 1 h. In verification test,RSD of comprehensive score for 3 batches of samples were 2.09%(n=3);average contents of samples were 6.7 mg/g, which was in line with the requirement of ≥6.0 mg/g. CONCLUSIONS:The optimal preparation technology of Sinomenine topical pasta is reasonable,stable and feasible. The paste shows good adhesiveness and is qualified in content.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the protective effect of Huaxia shallot preparation on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) injury induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) in vitro. METHODS: Ox-LDL was prepared and identified, and HUVECs were cultured. After 2-hour intervention of different drugs and 24-hour following intervention of Ox-LDL, the number of HUVECs was observed by phase contrast optical microscope and the activity of the HUVECs was observed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) technique. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and nitric oxide (NO) content were assayed by respective kit. The protein expressions and mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor gamma(PPAR-gamma) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were measured by western blot technique and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Ox-LDL could increase the apoptosis rate of the HUVECs and decrease the NO release as compared with the blank control group (P<0.05). These effects induced by Ox-LDL were all significantly inhibited by Huaxia shallot preparation. It could up-regulate the protein expressions and mRNA levels of PPAR-gamma and eNOS significantly (P<0.05). Huaxia shallot preparation could decrease the apoptosis rate of the HUVECs. CONCLUSION: Ox-LDL may be involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis by injuring the endothelial cells directly and may cause the endothelial dysfunction. Huaxia shallot preparation can protect against Ox-LDL induced endothelial cell injury by up-regulating the protein expressions and mRNA levels of PPAR-gamma and eNOS. It suggests that Huaxia shallot preparation may play a role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.

Objective To analyze the clinical and imaging characteristics of congenital sensorineural hearing loss (CSNHL)children combined with white matter (WM)lesions in order to provide evidence for clinical practice. Methods With referral to the Department of Pediatrics,Peking University First Hospital from November 201 1 to De-cember 201 5,documents of 78 patients of CSNHL combined with WMlesions were collected and analyzed for the clini-cal and imaging characteristics.Results Bilateral severe -profound hearing loss existed in all 78 cases,48.1 %(25 /52 cases)of the patients exhibited gross motor development delay,98.1 %(51 /52 cases)of them had normal cognition development.One hundred percent (61 /61 cases)of patients had abnormal language development.Infection occurring during pregnancy existed in 21 .2%(1 1 /52 cases)of the patients,the premature and smaller for the gestational age in-fants accounted for 28.9% (1 5 /52 cases).The bilateral multiple WMlesions from the brain MRI were in dot to flake sizes with sharp boundary,the intensity of T1 -weighted imaging decreased,T2 -weighted imaging and fluid attenuated inversion recovery increased.Eighty -two point one percent (64 /78 cases)of the patients were found to have the periventricular and subcortical WM involvement.The most frequently affected periventricular region was the posterior horn (91 .9%,68 /74 cases),followed by the anterior horn and temporal horn,and the least with the body involvement. The former three had a combined lesion tendency (55.4% -68.9%).There was an extensive involvement in the sub-cortical WMof parietal,frontal,temporal and occipital lobes respectively(73.5% -88.2%).Subcortical WM involve-ment of multiple lobes was common (accounted for 67.6% -77.9%).The enlargement of bilateral ventricles existed in 37.2%(29 /78 cases)of the patients and cystic changes in the subcortical WM of anterior temporal lobe could be found in 9.0% (7 /78 cases)patients.Calcification in 2 CT cases was reported.Corpus callosum and basal ganglia of all cases were normal.For cases with MRI scans more than once,WMlesions of 96.0%(24 /25 cases)patients became silent or self -restored.Conclusions The clinical presentations of CSNHL combined with WM lesions are mild,not paralleled with their multiple foci.It is considered as demyelination or a delay of myelination.Due to its benign course, it is probably not the contraindication for the cochlear implantation.

BACKGROUND:Chronic al ograft nephropathy is a complication of kidney transplantation and most of patients wil eventual y develop transplant kidney dysfunction. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as a low immunogenicity special cellpopulation have been shown to have differentiation, transdifferentiation, paracrine and other basic functions, which have been successful used in other clinical areas. Based on this characteristic, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells may play a therapeutic role in chronic al ograft nephropathy. OBJECTIVE:To study the safety and feasibility of autologus bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation via renal artery infusion and subsequent intravenous infusion guided by the digital subtraction angiography in the treatment of chronic al ograft nephropathy. METHODS:Eleven patients with chronic al ograft nephropathy who were confirmed from March 2011 to January 2013 were enrol ed, and then received transplant renal artery infusion once guided by the digital subtraction angiography and subsequent intravenous infusion twice of bone marrow mesechymal stem cells. Changes in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine clearance, cystatin C, 24-hour urine protein, andβ2 microglobulin in the blood and urinary were monitored in patients up to 1 year after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bleeding, transplant renal artery embolization, pseudoaneurysm and other related complications were not found in any of the 11 patients. The levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and cystatin C were significantly decreased at 1 week and 1 month after celltherapy (P<0.05), while after 3 months of treatment, there was no difference before and after treatment (P>0.05). The creatinine clearance at 1 week and 1 month after treatment showed a remarkable increase, which were significantly different from that before treatment (P<0.05), but after 3 months of treatment, the difference was not significant (P>0.05). The level of 24-hour urine protein was significantly decreased after 7 days of treatment (P<0.05), and no difference was found after 1 month (P>0.05). The level ofβ2 microglobulin in the blood and urinary had no changes before and after treatment. These findings indicate that guided by the digital subtraction angiography, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via the renal artery infusion and subsequent intravenous infusion can improve kidney function of patients, but the celldosage and infusion method remain to be solved.

PURPOSE: At this time, there is uncertainty regarding whether allergen avoidance is the most appropriate strategy for managing or preventing allergies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of allergen avoidance in the prevention of allergic symptoms in previously sensitized patients and newborns that have the potential to develop allergies. METHODS: We performed online searches of articles published from January 1980 to December 2012 in PubMed and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and selected articles involving randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and allergen avoidance. The parameters used to determine allergenic potential in newborns included the risk ratio (RR) of eczema, asthma, rhinitis, wheeze, and cough. The methods employed to evaluate previously sensitized patients were the standardized mean difference (SMD) of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Data quality was assessed using the Jadad scale. RESULTS: A total of 14 RCTs were identified. Meta-analysis demonstrated that allergen avoidance for newborns did not reduce the subsequent incidence of allergic diseases (eczema, P=0.21; rhinitis, P=0.3; cough, P=0.1) but significantly reduced the incidence of asthma and wheezing in high-risk infants (asthma, P=0.03; wheeze, P=0.0004). However, previously sensitized patients who reduced their exposure to known allergens did not show improvement in their lung functions (FEV1, P=0.3; PEFR morning, P=0.53; PEFR evening, P=0.2; PEFR, P=0.29). CONCLUSIONS: Allergen avoidance may not always be successful in preventing allergic symptoms. However, rigorous methodological studies are required to confirm this hypothesis.
Allergens ; Asthma ; Cough ; Eczema ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Lung ; Methods ; Odds Ratio ; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ; Data Accuracy ; Respiratory Sounds ; Rhinitis ; Uncertainty

Objective To study the pathological changes of renal grafts from elderly donor in young recipients and to investigate the safety of kidney transplantation from elderly donors.Methods Fourteen elderly kidney donors (with the age >55 years old)and fourteen young recipients (with the age <30 years old)underwent living related donor renal transplantation at the Department of Transplantation of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2008 to December 2008 were enrolled as the object of study.Every elderly donor kidney was performed time-zero biopsy and every young recipient was performed routine renal graft biopsy 6 months after transplantation.The pathological and structural changes of kidney tissues after renal transplantation from elderly donors were observed.Results The histopathological changes occurred at 6 months after transplantation from elderly kidney donors to young recipients.Compared with those before transplantation,the severity of renal arteriolar lesion and the index of renal arteriolar sclerosis alleviated after transplantation (P <0.05 ), and the ratio of glomerulosclerosis did not change after transplantation (P >0.05 ).The expression of fibronectin (FN)decreased after transplantation,but the difference had no statistical significance (P >0.05 ).The expression of laminin (LN ) decreased after transplantation (P <0.05).Conclusions The histopathological structure of renal graft from elderly donors in young recipients has improved.

Objective To investigate the application value of ImmuKnow immune cell function assay in monitoring of immune function changes after renal transplantation.Methods One hundred and six patients with uraemia undergoing renal transplantation in the Department of Organ Transplantation of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 201 3 to December 201 4 were included.Blood specimens were collected before transplantation and at the occurrence of infection or acute rejection during 1 2 months after transplantation.ImmoKnow was used to determine the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)content in CD4 +T cells.The ATP content of patients with renal transplantation at different clinical conditions were observed and compared,including periopreative group,stable group,acute rejection group and infecticn group (including severe pneumonia).The ratio of T cell subsets (CD4 +T cells,CD8 +T cells)and natural killer (NK)cells in peripheral blood were detected.Pearson correlation analysis was used to detect the association between ATP and the blood trough concentration of tacrolimus (FK506)and ciclosporin (CsA).Results The ATP content of the patients in the infection group was lower than that of the patients in the stable group (P <0.001 ).The ATP content of patients with severe pneumonia was lower than that of patients with other infections (P <0.05).The percentage of CD4 +T cells of the patients in the infection group was lower than that of the patients in the postoperative stable group (P <0.05 ). The ATP content was not associated with the postoperative blood trough concentration of FK506 and CsA.Conclusions ImmuKnow assay may be used to monitor the postoperative immune function of patients after renal transplantation.The detection of ATP content in CD4 + T cells has hinting and pre-warning function for postoperative infection,especially for severe pneumonia.