Objective To establish matched-pairs of DNA samples with copy-number controlled differential target genes, and to compare the detection sensitivity of typical Representational Difference Analysis (RDA) method and Subtractive Hybridization Difference Display (SHDD) method in isolating differential genes.Methods Two gene fragments (376 bp and 869 bp in length respectively) cloned by PCR using Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) DNA as template were used as differential target genes, and mixed with human genome DNA. Five matched, pairs of human genome DNA samples with gradually increased difference in copy numbers of target genes were established and RDA and SHDD methods were performed to clone differential target genes and compared their detection sensitivity. Results By using RDA method, 376 bp fragment with 6-fold difference and 869 bp fragment with 8-fold difference were cloned.However, both of these two target fragments with 4-fold difference were isolated using SHDD method.Conclusion The SHDD method adopts balanced bi-directional subtractive hybridization between two sample difference products and avoids loss of differential target genes caused by unbalanced subtractive hybridization of RDA method, and thus outweighs RDA method in isolating target genes, especially long-length target fragments, with small difference.

This paper reviewed some new types of skin whitening agents and their mechanisms of action from aspects of suppressing melanogenesis, reducing melanosome transference and enhancing desquamation of melanin pigment from the epidermis etc.

The expression of genes have an important effect to gastric cancer chemotherapy.Some genes are related the therapeutic efficacy of drugs,some genes are related the untoward effects of drug,and some genes are related the sensitivity of the tumor to drug.Chemotherapy related genes may play an important guiding role to improve the curative effect of chemotherapy patients.In recent years,the gastric cancer chemotherapy related genes have made great progress,especially in platinum,fluorouracil,paclitaxel and targeted medicine related genes.

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) is a family of multifunctional nuclear RNA-binding proteins that regulate the alternative splicing of pre-mRNA and the transport, translation, and stability of mRNA. The most abundant and best charac-terized proteins of this group are hnRNP A1 and hnRNP A2, which share a high degree of sequence homology and functional similarity. HnRNP A1 and hnRNP A2 are upregulated in multiple human tumors and modulate the alternative splicing and mRNA stability of vari-ous tumor-related genes critical to tumor cell growth, apoptosis, inflammatory and immune reactions, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Therefore, hnRNP A1 and hnRNP A2 have potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic values.

Humanistic quality of medical workers directly affects the quality of medical service and patient satisfaction.In view of patient′s value demand,this paper identified main setbacks in humanistic service in China in the course of medical service.The authors found out the reasons for the lack of humanities quality,and interpreted medical humanistic spirit,medical professional spirit,medical ethics and morality,and connotation of medical law culture.On such basis,the paper unveiled the importance of medical humanities accomplishment in medical practice and medical students′training,proposing to promote the concept of humanistic spirit of medicine and the doctor-patient communication skills.

[Objective] To research the progress of traditional Chincse medicine in the treatment of cancer-relatcd sweating.[Methods]Search the relevant literatures on the treatment of cancer-related sweating in the last 20 years at home and abroad,from the etiology,pathogenesis,treatment methods,pharmacology,mechanism of action,clinical remission rate to review.[Result] Compared with modern medical treatment,traditional Chinese medicine treatment significantly improved the clinical remission rate and quality of life of patients with cancer-related sweating through the method of syndrome differentiation and the flexible administration way,the side effects were also very small.[Conclusion] Traditional Chinese medicine treatment plays an important role in the treatment of cancer-related sweating,which provides new ideas and methords for prevention and treatment.It is worthy of clinical application and popularization in the treatment field.

Objective To explore the expression and clinical significance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ) in breast tissue in obese patients with breast cancer.Methods Breast tissue samples were collected from 60 obese patients with breast cancer (obese group),60 normal weight patients with breast cancer (normal weight group),the expression of PPAR γmRNA and protein of breast tissue were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry in all patients,and the data was analyzed between PPARγ mRNA and protein.Results Compared with normal weight group,the expression of PPAR γ mRNA and protein of breast tissue in obese group were increased obviously(0.79 ± 0.06 vs 0.42 ± 0.04,0.55 ± 0.07 vs 0.23 ± 0.03 )(P＜ 0.05 ),while the expression of PPAR 3 mRNA and protein were positively correlated (r =0.81,P＜ 0.05 ).In obese group,the positive expression of PPAR γ was 47 cases with 10 cases (21.3％) recurrence and metastasis,the negative expression of PPAR 3 was 13 cases with 11 cases (84.6％) recurrence and metastaais,there was significant difference(P ＜ 0.05 ).In normal weight group,the positive expression of PPAR γwas 19 cases with 4 cases ( 21.1％ ) recurrence and metastasis,the negative expression of PPAR 3 was 41 cases with 10 cases (24.4％) recurrence and metastasis,there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions Obese patients with breast cancer own a high expression trend of expression of PPAR γ mRNA and protein of breast tissue,which indicates that PPARγ may be play an important role in occurrence,evolvement and prognosis of obesity-related breast cancer.

Thrombolytic therapy is a safe and effective way to cure thrombosis. Developing the safe,effective and cheap therapeutic thromolytic agents are important to prevent and cure thrombosis. In recent years,several fibrinolytic enzymes have been found in the resources of Asian traditional fermented foods,such as Japanese natto,Korea Chungkook-Jang,Chinese Douchi and fermented shrimp paste. These fibrinolytic enzymes secreted by food-grade microorganisms are safe and effective,and are potent thrombolytic agents. The physical and biochemical properties,thrombolytic characteristics,and the potential applications of these fibrinolytic enzymes from Asian fermented food,are reviewed.

DC-12 is a Bacillus strain with strong fibrinolytic activity was screened from Douchi.A novel breeding technology——whole genome shuffling was applied to enhance the production of fibrinolytic enzyme.First of all,a candidate mutant library was constructed by treating DC-12 with ultraviolet rays andhNO2,respectively.Based on studying the optimum conditions for protoplast preparation and regeneration of DC-12,multi-parental whole genome shuffling with 4 strains was conceded by protoplasts electrical fusion,then combines with the screening method of double-inactive protoplast,two strains withhigher yield of fibrinolytic enzyme were obtained effectively,which can descend stably after five generations,and their enzyme production reached 2710 IU/ml,which was increased by 4~5 fold compared with the mutants,respectively.

Objective: To observe the bone graft fusion of goat cervical model implanted with anterior cervical-adjustable fusion fixator(AC-AFF), laying a foundation for future studies. Methods: Eighteen experiment goats were implanted with AC-AFF, titanium mesh and autogenous iliac bone combined cervical plate after corpectomy. Six months later, the fused cervical spine vertebrae were collected, prepared, and observed grossly, under microscope, by X-ray photographs and CT scan; the fusion of the graft was evaluated. Meanwhile, the fusion of AC-AFF with the adjacent vertebral surface was observed. Results: All the experiment animals survived after operation; all the implants were stable, without displace or loosening. The interface where the titanium or AC-AFF contacts the vertebral body surface was bulged and ossified. All iliac bone graft fused well and a great deal of bony callus was found covering the vertebral body surface. Lucency area was not seen surrounding the bone graft, titanium and AC-AFF on the X-ray films, and there was new bone formation in the interface of internal fixation and bone. The central region of titanium and AC-AFF became vague and new bone formation was found in the intracavitary area of implants by CT scan. And part of the new bone transited the parietal reticulation and connected with normal ossea at titanium and AC-AFF. A large number of phoroblasts and chondrocytes were found microscopically in the bone fusion sites in all cases; however, the region without bony callus still existed in the titanium mesh lateral wall. Conclusion: There are no differences in bone fusion between AC-AFF with titanium mesh and autogenous iliac bone combined cervical plate. New phoroblasts and chondrocytes can be generated in the bone graft interface. AC-AFF has been proven as an important method for cervical stability reconstruction after decompression operation.