Objective To observe whether laminin(LN) is expressed in the developing kidney of mouse and the changes of the expression associated with maturation and polarity. Methods Eight fetal and fourteen postnatal kidneys were examined by immunohistochemistry(Strepavidin Peroxidase conjugated method,SP),using polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse antibody. Results The expression of laminin in the kidneys increased with the gestational weeks of fetus and maturity of the kidney.The expression of laminin was positive in monocell,multicell without space and multicell with space.In the developing kidney,the laminin is expressed in the ureteric bud,glomerular basement membrane(GBM),tubular basement membrane(TBM),renal capsular basement membrane and interstitium.The expression of TBM was prior to the expression of GBM.Conclusion The expression of laminin in the developing kidney of mouse has chronological and spatial sequence.The laminin determines the polarity of cell.Laminin might play a key role during nephrogenesis.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of shuxuetong injection and its effects on oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods One hundred and twenty cases with type 2 DN meeting the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups equally according to therapeutic scheme.Besides conventional treatments patients in the control group were treated with acarbose,while patients in the observation group were treated with shuxuetong injection and acarbose.The curative efficacy,renal function,superoxide dismutase (SOD),malonaldehyde (MDA) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) were recorded or detected.Results Therapeutic efficiency ratio (TER) in observation group was 93.3％,significantly higher than that in control group (80.0％;x2 =4.62,P =0.03).The levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN),serum creatinine (Scr),urine total protein in observation group were (7.9 ± 2.3) mmol/L,(110.7±19.9) μumol/L and (2.2±0.5) g/24,lower than those in control group and the differences were significant ((11.5±2.7) mmol/L,(163.4±20.8) μmol/L and (2.9±0.5) g/24 h;t =7.86,14.48,7.67;P =＞0.000).Regarding of oxidative stress indices,MDA,AOPPs and SOD levels in observation were (3.5±0.4) μmol/L,(50.7±4.8) mmol/L and (56.7±3.8) kU/L,significant different from those in control group((6.7±0.3)μmol/L,(89.5 ± 5.6) mmo]/L and (35.4 ± 4.0) kU/L;t =49.57,40.75,29.90;P =0.00).During the treatment,there was no severe case with adverse reactions and the incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups (10.0％ vs 11.7％;x2 =0.09,P =0.77).Conclusion The method scheme of shuxuetong injection and acarbose on type 2 DN is effective with increasing the therapeutic efficiency ratio,improving renal function and alleviating oxidative stress with minor adverse reactions.

Objective To observe the effect of high glucose on the expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) in cultured retinal Müller glia cells.Methods The retinal tissue of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats was collected,and Müller cells were isolated and cultured.The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamine synthetase (GS) of Müller cells were identified by streptavidin-biotinperoxidase complex.Cultured rat Müller cells were divided into control group (5.5 mmol/L glucose),group A (20 mmol/L glucose),group B (30 mmol/L glucose) and group C (40 mmol/L glucose).ATF4 protein expressions in Müller cells of four groups were measured by Western blot four days after cultured.Results GFAP and GS expressed in more than 95％ of Müller cells.Over 95％ of Müller cells of group A,B and C were positive for GFAP and GS.Western blots indicated that ATF4 protein in group A,B and C increased obviously compared with the control group (q=0.293,0.754,0.484; P＜0.05).Conclusion High glucose can increase the expression of ATF4 protein and cause endoplasmic reticulum stress in retinal Müller glia cells in vitro.

Objective To investigate the association of serum uric acid (UA) level with ventricular hypertrophy,ventricular remodeling,and ventricular electromechanical activity dyssynchrony in patients with chronic heart failure by studying the correlation among left ventricular mass index (LVMI),QRS duration (QRSd) and UA.Methods Four hundred and fifty-three patients were selected in this study.Each patient received examinations of echocardiography,electrocardiogram (ECG),blood routine,and blood biochemistry.According to the different UA level,the patients were divided into group Ⅰ (UA≤360 μmol/ L),group Ⅱ (360 μmol/L ＜ UA≤420 μmol/L),group Ⅲ (420 μmol/L ＜ UA≤480 μmol/L),group Ⅳ (480 μmol/L ＜ UA ≤540 μmol/L),and group Ⅴ (UA ＞ 540 μmol/L).The differences in LVMI,QRSd,Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),and NYHA class among five groups were compared,and the correlation among LVMI,QRSd and UA were analyzed.Results According to the different UA,from groups Ⅰ to Ⅴ,with increase in UA,LVMI values increased,there was significant difference among five groups [(93.89 ±30.25) g/m2,(94.44 ±32.46) g/m2,(101.04 ± 37.22) g/m2,(124.39 ± 63.22)g/m2,and (133.51 ±41.85) g/m2,respectively] (F =17.501,P ＜ 0.01).UA level correlated positively with LVMI (r =0.329 P ＜0.01).According to the different UA,from groups Ⅰ to Ⅴ,with increase in UA,QRSd prolonged,there was significant difference among five groups [(93.10 ± 14.56) ms,(92.77 ± 21.12)ms,(94.00±19.95)ms,(97.55 ±20.37)ms,and (101.73 ±25.57)ms,respectively] (F=2.516,P ＜ 0.05).UA level correlated positively with QRSd (r =0.167,P ＜ 0.01).According to the different UA,from groups Ⅰ to Ⅴ,with increase in UA,LVEF was reduced [(54.94 ± 10.26) ％,(53.06 ±13.43)％,(51.79 ±14.01)％,(45.82±13.90)％,and (4-3.76±12.01)％,respectively] (F=14.299,P ＜ 0.01),and the proportion of NYHA class Ⅳ increased (3.85％,4.29％,4.00％,21.05％,and 67.11％,respectively) (x2 =326.566,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions With the increase in UA level in patients with chronic heart failure,LVMI value increased,QRSd prolonged,LVEF decreased,and cardiac function reduced.It indicated that the elevated level of UA might reflect the severity of the ventricular remodeling,and ventricular electromechanical activity in dyssynchrony and development of heart failure.

Objective To investigate the association between red blood cell distribution width (RDW) level and the change of cardiac function in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and explore its possible mechanism by studying the correlation between RDW and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD),and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP),and uric acid(UA) in patients with chronic heart failure.Methods Two hundred and eighty patients were included in our study.Each patient received the examinations of echocardiography,electrocar diogram (ECG),blood routine,and blood biochemistry.According to the different LVEF,LVEDD and RDW,the patients were divided into groups A,B,C,and D,respectively.The groups were compared with each other.Results According to the different LVEF,from group A to group D,with a progressive decrease in LVEF,RDW level were increased gradually [(13.48 ± 0.85) ％,(14.10 ± 1.46) ％,(14.59 ±1.59)％,(14.75±1.42)％,F =12.698,P ＜0.01].There was significant difference among the four groups (P ＜0.01).RDW level correlated inversely with LVEF(r =-0.538,P ＜0.01).According to the different LVEDD,from group A to group D,with a progressive increase in LVEDD,RDW level increased gradually [(13.53 ±0.91)％,(14.12±1.42)％,(14.60±1.68)％,(14.76±1.39)％,F =12.276,P ＜0.01].There was significant difference among the four groups (P ＜0.01).RDW level correlated positively with LVEDD (r =0.343,P ＜0.01).In chronic heart failure patients,there were significant linear correlation between RDW and hs-CRP,LgUA (r =0.486,0.513,P ＜0.05).Conclusions RDW correlated with the change of cardiac function in patients with chronic heart failure.With a progressive decrease in LVEF and a progressive increase in LVEDD,RDW level increased gradually.RDW had a strong correlation with hs-CRP,LgUA.This indicates that RDW level increase may be related to the inflammation and oxidative reaction in patients with chronic heart failure.

Objective To observe the sites and relations of AQP-2 and AQP-4 in kidney during development and maturation, and discuss the roles of them. Methods Immunohistochemistry combined with stereological methods were used to observe and measure the expression of AQP-2 and AQP-4. Results AQP-2 was apparently noticed at the apical side and cytoplasm of principle cells in the collecting ducts. The expression of AQP-2 at the apical side increased from 17-fetuses to 1-day neonatal by stereology, but it hardly changed after 1-day neonatal. The expression of AQP-4 was faint at 14-day embryo and enhanced with age to reach a plateau at birth, and was not changed remarkably thereafter. The expression of AQP-4 was less than AQP-2 in every stage of kidney development. It was localized at the basolateral membrane of ureteric buds or collecting ducts.Conclusion We presume that AQPs are very important for balance of water during development and maturation in mice kidney, while AQP-4 is before birth, AQP-2 is after birth.

Objective To investigate the influence of neuro-specific DNA repair gene Nbn on the development of granular cells in hippocampus of monatal mouse. Methods The hippocampus development of postnatal mouse was evaluated by comparing the morphological differences of granular cells in hippocampus between the Nbn gene knockout mice (Nbn-CNS-Del) and the controls (Nbn-CNS-Ctr). Serial sections, immunohistochemistry and stereology methods were used to quantitatively analyze the development of granular cells in hippocampus of mice on the postnatal day 7, 14 and 21 (P7d, P14d and P21d). Results In Nbn-CNS-Ctr group, the granular layer in hippocampus manifested "C" in shape, the section area of granular layer was increased, and so was the cell body of granular cells in hippocampus during P7d to P21d; the inner arm granular cells in granular layer of hippocampus emerged on P7d, and most obvious changes occurred during P7d to P14d. While in Nbn-CNS-Del group, the granular layer in "C" shape were seen to form in most of the specimens during P7d to P21d, though they were sparsely distributed. Compared with that of the mice in Nbn-CNS-Ctr group, the development of granular layer in hippocampus of the mice in Nbn-CNS-Del group lagged obviously, and the sectional area of granular cells decreased significantly (P

Coronary heart disease and depression have a close relationship.Depression is common in patients with coronary artery disease and its presence is a strong independent risk factor for the development and adverse prognosis of coronary heart disease.The present review has summarized current knowledge of depression in patients with coronary artery disease regarding epidemiology,pathophysiologic pathways and treatment.

In recent years ,researches suggested that inflammation is closely related to occurrence and development of heart failure .Some studies have indicated that high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) and neutrophil -lym‐phocyte ratio (NLR) were independent predictors for prognosis of heart failure ,so it is new targets for heart failure treatment .The present article made a review for new progress of related research .

[Objective] The artical summarizes in diagnosis and treatment of postnatal lack of lactation academic thoughts and characteristics of drug use,and own thoughts. [Method] Summary by reading text and access to my perception ,combined with the actual clinical,summarized his main syndrome differentiation and treatment of postnatal lack of lactation thought,medication,and explain orally .[Results] FU Qingzhu according to the cause of postnatal lack of lactation divided into two types, deficiency of Qi and blood,blockage of liver. Pointed out that the error appeared in the dialectical and put forward the correct opinions;and that the disease is mainly related to the lack of blood and liver qi stagnation; the main therapy is tonifying qi and blood, smoothing liver qi, dredging collateral for promoting lactation;the corresponding therapeutic prescriptions were given and analyzed;clinical application of good results.[Conclusion] FU Qingzhu 's idea put forward the original opinion and treatment of medicine, in order to inherit traditional Chinese medicine academic, improve the curative effect of postpartum hypogalactia,and give my opinion, may be the hope of the authority.