Objective: To investigate the current status and influencing factors of knowledge, attitude, and practice of hypertension prevention and control among rural residents in Shanxi Province, so as to provide insights into implementation of health education pertaining to hypertension control in rural areas. Methods: A total of 7 403 residents were sampled using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method from rural areas of Yangqu, Daning, and Yonghe counties of Shanxi Province from November 2020 to July 2021 for face-to-face questionnaire surveys and physical examinations. Residents' basic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and practice of hypertension prevention and control, and height, weight, blood pressure were collected, and factors affecting knowledge, attitude, and practice of hypertension prevention and control were identified using a generalized linear model. Results: A total of 7 403 questionnaires were allocated, and 7 031 effective questionnaires were recovered, with an effective response rate of 94.98%. The respondents included 3 035 men (43.17%) and 3 996 women (56.83%), and had a mean age of (58.45±13.75) years. The median scores of hypertension prevention and control knowledge, attitude and practice were 5 (interquartile range, 4), 16 (interquartile range, 5) and 14 (interquartile range, 7) points, with scoring percentages of 48.40%, 80.55% and 54.41%, respectively. Generalized linear model analysis showed that an educational level of junior high school and above, annual family income per capita of ≥4 000 RMB, family history of hypertension, development of hypertension among family members or friends, overweight/obesity and presence of depression resulted in high scores for hypertension prevention and control knowledge; annual family income per capita of ≥10 000 RMB, family history of hypertension, presence of hypertension among family members or friends, mild/severe insomnia and presence of depression resulted in high scores for hypertension prevention and control attitude, while age of ≥65 years and blood pressure of ≥140/≥90 mmHg resulted in low scores for attitude; females, age of ≥45 years, an educational level of junior high school and above, blood pressure of ≥140/≥90 mmHg, family history of hypertension, presence of hypertension among family members or friends and overweight/obesity resulted in high scores for hypertension prevention and control practice, and residents had a low body weight had a low score for practice (all P<0.05). Conclusions The hypertension prevention and control attitude is satisfactory among rural residents in Shanxi Province; however, the hypertension prevention and control knowledge and practice are poor. Health education pertaining to hypertension prevention and control should be strengthened, and personalized health education is needed targeting individuals with a low educational level and low income.

Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic form of cell death and differs considerably from the well-known forms of cell death in terms of cell morphology,genetics,and biochemistry.The three primary pathways for cell ferroptosis are system Xc-/glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),lipid metabolism,and ferric metabolism.Since the discovery of ferroptosis,mounting evidence has revealed its critical regulatory role in several diseases,especially as a novel potential target for cancer therapy,thereby attracting increasing attention in the fields of tumor biology and anti-tumor therapy.Accordingly,broad prospects exist for identifying ferroptosis as a potential therapeutic target.In this review,we aimed to systematically summarize the activation and defense mechanisms of ferroptosis,highlight the therapeutic targets,and discuss the design of nanomedicines for ferroptosis regulation.In addition,we opted to present the advantages and disadvantages of current ferroptosis research and provide an optimistic vision of future directions in related fields.Overall,we aim to provide new ideas for further ferroptosis research and inspire new strategies for disease diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics and risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in rural residents of Yangqu county,Shanxi province.Methods In October 2020,a total of 5028 residents aged 18 years and above in rural are-as of Yangqu county,Shanxi province were selected as the research subjects by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling.Question-naire survey and physical examination were used to conduct the study.Unconditional Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for T2DM.Results In rural areas of Yangqu county,Shanxi province,11.8％(95％CI:10.9％-12.6％)of residents who were aged 18 years and above had T2DM.The prevalence of females was 14.1％(95％Cl:12.9％-15.4％)and males was 8.6％(95％CI:7.4％-9.8％).The results of unconditional Logistic regression showed that female(OR=1.619,95％CI:1.324-1.981),advanced age(OR=5.909,95％CI:2.893-12.072;OR=9.575,95％CI:4.802-19.095;OR=11.779,95％CI:5.896-23.535;OR=8.793,95％CI:4.238-18.244),hypertension(OR=2.468,95％CI:2.013-3.027),hyperlipidemia(OR=2.968,95％CI:2.232-3.947),and family history of diabetes mellitus(OR=7.253,95％CI:5.434-9.682)were significantly associated with T2DM.Conclusion Female,advanced age,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,and family history of diabetes mellitus were the risk factors of T2DM in rural residents of Yangqu county,Shanxi province.

Objective:To investigate the status of postoperative sore throat and hoarseness in patients undergoing general anesthesia with double-lumen endotracheal intubation and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 129 patients with double-lumen endotracheal intubation who underwent elective surgery in a Class Ⅲ Grade A general hospital in Wuhan in Hubei Province from July to December 2020 were selected as the research objects. The general information questionnaire, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Labial and Tongue Mucosa Scale and Hoarse Voice Scale were used to investigate the patients.Results:The incidence of sore throat in 129 patients with double-lumen endotracheal intubation at 1, 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours after surgery were 68.22%, 44.96%, 76.74%, 64.34% and 48.84%, respectively. Among them, the incidences of sore throat in resting state were respectively 10.9%, 6.2%, 1.6%, 0 and 1.6%, incidences of sore throat in swallowing state were respectively 18.6%, 8.5%, 3.1%, 0 and 0, and the incidences of hoarseness were respectively 66.67%, 45.74%, 78.29%, 65.89% and 48.84%. There were statistically significant differences in the occurrence of hoarseness in patients of different ages and preoperative fasting time 1 hour after extubation ( t=2.499, 2.106; P<0.05). The VAS scores of patients with hoarseness in resting state and swallowing state were higher than those in patients without hoarseness, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.688, 2.818; P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that hoarseness was negatively correlated with the condition of lip and tongue mucosa ( r=-0.309, P<0.01) . Conclusions:The incidence of postoperative throat pain in patients undergoing general anesthesia with double-lumen endotracheal intubation is high. With the extension of time, pain can be gradually relieved. The self-healing effect of hoarseness over time is not ideal. Advanced age, prolonged water fasting before operation and dry lip and tongue mucosa are the influencing factors of postoperative sore throat. Early identification and effective measures should be given in nursing evaluation to reduce the occurrence of postoperative sore throat.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the improvement effects of Runchang granules on the constipation in mice and its potential mechanism. METHODS The mice were randomly divided into normal control group， model group， Runchang granules low-dose and high-dose groups （5， 10 g/kg）， mosapride group （0.003 g/kg， positive control）， with 6 mice in each group. The latter 4 groups were given loperamide intragastrically （0.004 g/kg）， twice a day， for 3 consecutive days. Normal control group and model group were given purified water intragastrically， and administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically for 7 consecutive days. After the last medication， fecal moisture content and intestinal motility of mice were determined， while the structures of colon and ileum， and the secretion of colonic mucus were observed. Protein expressions of tyrosine kinase receptor （c-kit）， mucin 2 （MUC2） and stem cell factor （SCF） were determined in colon； meanwhile， the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， IL-1β， inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）] as well as factors related to promoting intestinal motility [neuronal nitric oxide synthase （nNOS）， smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase （smMLCK）， 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor （5-HT4R）， MUC2， SCF， c-kit] were determined. RESULTS Compared with model group， the fecal water content， intestinal propulsion rate， protein expression of c-kit in colon， relative expressions of MUC2 and SCF protein， and mRNA expressions of factors related to promoting intestinal motility （except for nNOS and SCF in Runchang granules low-dose group） were all increased significantly in Runchang granules low-dose and high-dose groups， and mosapride group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors were decreased significantly（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Both colon and ileum injuries improved， and the secretion of colon mucus was increased significantly in Runchang granules high-dose group （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Runchang granules have laxative effect and can improve constipation in mice， and its mechanism may be related to the promotion of the secretion of colon mucus and MUC2 expression， and the activation of SCF/c-kit signaling pathway.