Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common heart disease in children, which does great harm to children's health. Tetralogy of Fallot(TOF) is the primary form of cyanosis CHD, with the incidence rate of 10% ～ 15% in CHD. Tissue Doppler lmaging(TDI) ,a new type of Doppler echocardiography, is a noninvasive and a promising method in determination of right and left ventricle constriction and dilatation function quantificationally, which will improve the development of acquainting with heart disease and guid the clinical treatment of CHD. This review is to summarize the status quo of TDI in congenital heart disease especially in TOF.

The results of chemotherapy in the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma seem to have reached a plateau.Targeted therapy is the key to improve curative efficacy.Although there are many kinds of targeted therapy drugs of the first generation,only several targeted drugs that target angiogenesis and the epidermal growth factor receptor have showed survival benefits in prospective,randomized,phase Ⅲ clinical trials.Recent data suggest that multitargeted inhibitors might have greater activity owing to their ability to simultaneously block several key signaling pathways.Preliminary results of such agents in clinical trials show that they have a well tolerated toxicity profile,and might have a promising vahle in the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma.

Objective To explore the value of electrophysiology in diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy .Methods Electromyogra-phy(EMG) and nerve conduction were detected in 26 myotonic dystrophy patients(myotonia group) .Myotonic discharges were de-tected in 25 patients with non-tonic neuromuscular disease(control group) .Results The main features of EMG in myotonia group were myotonic discharges ,myogenic damage ,and normal nerve conduction .There was no myotonic discharges in control group .The positive rate of myotonic discharges of abductor pollicis brevis was 87 .5% .The positive rate of myotonic discharges of extensor digitorum communis was 77 .8% .The positive rates of myotonic discharges of anterior tibial muscle ,quadriceps femoris and trian-gular muscle are 57 .1% ,45 .5% and 45 .5% respectively .Conclusion Myotonic dystrophy distinguished from other neuromuscular disease might be mainly based on myotonic discharges and myogenic damage .Myotonic discharges were mainly observed in the small hand muscles .However ,the positive rate of abductor pollicis brevis ,which has the highest chance of myotonic discharge ,was less than 100% .

OBJECTIVE To monitor the hand contamination after dressing change for the infected wound and to explore an effective way for hand hygiene. METHODS Caregivers were divided into three groups after applying dressing on infected wound:group 1(no hand-washing),group 2(regular hand-washing),and group 3(standard hand-washing),the pathogens in hands were monitored and the effects of two ways of hand-washing were compared. RESULTS The rate of hand-carrying pathogens after dressing change for the infected wound was 100.0%,the qualified rate of regular hand-washing was only 47.9% and that of standard hand-washing (six-steps method)was 97.9%. CONCLUSIONS The standard hand-washing is more effective than regular hand-washing. Correct hand hygiene should be emphasized to prevent and control nosocomial infection.

MAPKKK (MEKK1 or ASK1)/MAPKK (SEK1 or MKK7)/JNK signal cascade is an important pathway which mediates apoptosis. MAPK phosphotase can deactivate JNK by dephosphorylation of JNK.The interaction between JNK and c-Jun can also be negatively regulated by NO through S-nitrosylation. SGK1 or Akt can result in deactivation of SEK1 through its phosphorylation at the Ser78 site.The c-FLIPL can block this cascade through binding with MKK7.GST Mu1-1 interferes and suppresses MEKK1-mediated apoptosis. GST Pi 1-1 and TRX have a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on ASK1 through forming protein complex. The deactivation of JNK can enhance drug resistance of tumor cells and counteract the injury from a wide variety of stimulus. Here,how these proteins induce deactivation of the pathway and mediate anti-apoptosis has been discussed.

The peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 specifically binds phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro protein motifs and catalyzes the cis/trans isomerization of the peptide bond,changes the conformation and influences the stability and activity of the substrates.To date,a subset of proteins has been identified as substrates for Pin1.Pin1 interacts with its substrates and plays crucial roles in cell cycle,neural pathology and immune response.Accumulating studies have revealed that Pin1 isomerase activity is regulated by its post-translational modifications,including phosphorylation and oxidation.Over-expression or regulative imbalance of Pin1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis and therapeutics of human diseases such as cancer and AD.

Objective To study the anti-tumor effect of water extracts from Sophora Moorcroftiana seed(SMSWE) in vivo on mice.Methods S180-bearing mice group were observed.The inhibitory rate of tumor,survival period,indexes of thymus and spleen,the proliferative ability of T lymphocytes were assayed.Results 1.2 and 2.4 g/kg SMSWE could inhibit the growth of S180 tumor in mice and prolonged survival period(P

Objective The aim of this study was to elucidate the prevention of the enthesiopathy which was caused by the pretreatment of heat shock.Methods In this experiment,44 S.D male rats(weight ～100g)were randomly divided into the control group(7 rats),the exercise group(22rats)and the pretreatment group(15 rats).Both ankles of the rats from the pretreatment group were soaked in the warm water(about 42 degree centigrate)for 15 minutes.Then the rats from both pretreatment group and exercise group were stimulated by AC electronic current for 12 weeks.Results From the forth week,the highest jump and the number of the effective jump in the exercise group obviously decreased.In the pretreatment group there was no obvious change during the whole exercise course.Conclusions The pretreatment of heat shock could effectively prevent pathologic changes of enthesiopathy.Soaking the feet in warm water befer training could effectively prevent the athletes from Achilles tendon's enthesiopathy.

Objective To review the status and controversy on skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) for breast cancer. Methods The pertinent literatures about SSM published recently to comprehend its relevant techniques and improvements in comparison with non-skin-sparing mastectomy (NSSM) were analyzed and also the safety of SSM by analyzing the relationships between SSM and ductal carcinoma in situ, restrict nipple-areola complex reservation, and postmastectomy radiotherapy were discussed. Results Skin-sparing mastectomy combined with immediate breast reconstruction is a safe operative modality for T1/T2 tumor without skin adhesion, multicentric tumors, and ductal carcinoma in situ. What is more, it does not defer adjuvant therapy. However, it may be prudent to reserve the nipple-areola complex only for peripherally located T1/T2 tumors and some other less serious invasion degree. Since the effect of SSM and immediate breast reconstruction on postmastectomy radiotherapy is confusing, there are still controversies on whether the patients who have already been operated should take radiotherapy. Conclusion SSM is a safe operative modality for selected patients with breast cancer, and delayed reconstruction may be a good choice for patients who would take postmastectomy radiotherapy.

Objective To evaluate the effect of group reminiscence therapy on improving the depressive symptoms of the institutionalized elderly. Methods Collecting clinical randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized controlled trials of group reminiscence therapy for improving depressive symptoms in institutionalized elderly which published from 2000 to November 2016, by searching the Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMbase, China Biology Medicine, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang Database, Taiwan Academic Online Database and Airiti Library. And reviewing the quality of the studies by using the tools for assessing risk of bias. RevMan 5.3 software was used for data analysis. Results Ten studies(2 randomized controlled trials and 8 quasi-experiments), including a total of 511 cases, were included. The results showed that group reminiscence therapy significantly improved the depression, life satisfaction, and self-esteem of institutionalized elderly (95%CI-1.11--0.56, 0.41-2.05, 1.99-3.82, all P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between group reminiscence therapy and usual nursing in relieving loneliness (P = 0.21). Conclusions Group reminiscence therapy can improve the depression in institutionalized elderly, decrease the degree of depression, improve the level of life satisfaction and self-esteem. But in the ease of loneliness has not been confirmed. The randomized controlled trials included in this study were rare and the quality of the literature was low, and large-scale randomized controlled trials of higher quality are needed to confirm this.