Hemodynamic monitoring is a very important measure for critically ill patients with burn and trauma, and it should be carried out throughout the course of treatment. Functional hemodynamic monitoring consists of the assessment of the dynamic interactions of hemodynamic variables in response to a defined volume change. Accordingly, response of fluid volume can be assessed in a quantitative fashion by measuring variation of both arterial pulse pressure and left ventricular stroke volunime during positive pressure breathing, or the change in cardiac output response to passive leg raising maneuver. Functional hemodynamic monitoring, contrary to that of static condition in order to realize dynamic and individual monitoring, is related to response to treatment, and it is a useful complement to static (routine) hemodynamic monitoring. At present, in the care of sepsis, shock, and mechanical ventilation, etc. related to burn injury and trauma, functional hemodynamic monitoring is more and more accepted and applied by medical personnel of ICU in burn and trauma departments. Therefore, further study on functional hemodynamic monitoring should be emphasized and practised.
Blood Pressure ; Burns ; therapy ; Critical Care ; Critical Illness ; Fluid Therapy ; Hemodynamics ; physiology ; Humans ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Respiration, Artificial ; Sepsis ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Shock ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Stroke Volume ; Systole

Objective To determine the effect of antigen on the main immunological reaction route of red blood cells and while blood cells. Methods Cancer cells (5?10~6/ml) and/or Bacillus calmette-Guerin(BCG 0.1mg) or yeast cells(5?10~8/ml) were added into 0.2ml of whole blood cells (or 0.2ml of white blood cells) and 0.3ml of fresh plasma (or 0.3ml of NS) treated by citric acid, and incubated for 1h at 37℃. IL-8 level was measured by ELASA. The data could be divided into 4 groups. (1) 0.2ml of antigen (cancer cells or yeast cells or BCG) was added to 0.2ml of whole blood cells and 0.3m plasma. ②0.2ml of NS was added to 0.2ml of whole blood cells and 0.3ml of plasma. ③ 0.2ml of antigen was added to 0.2ml of white blood cells and 0.3ml of plasma. ④ 0.2ml of NS was added to 0.2ml of white blood cells and 0.3ml of plasma. Results Cancer cells, BCG and yeast cells could activate immunological reaction in blood, but could not activate immunological reaction of white blood cells in no plasma group with addition of antigen. The activation Index (2.124?0.860) of IL-8 in the group with addition of whole blood cells and plasma was significantly higher than that (0.390?0.08) in the group with addition of antigen, white blood cells and plasma (P

Objective To establish a quantitative biomechanical relationship between the anterior cruciate ligament deficiency and the posterior horn of medial meniscus. Methods 10 human cadaveric knees were examined using an in vitro knee-testing apparatus. In response to a combined 134 N anterior and 200 N axial compressive tibial load, the in situ forces in the posterior horn of medial meniscus were measured. Testing was performed on 10 knees at multiple angles of flexion (30?, 60?, 90?) before and after resection of anterior cruciate ligament. Results The resultant forces on the posterior horn of medial meniscus were as follows: intact ACL knees, (22.8?11.5) N in 30? flexion, (27.1?16.3) N in 60? flexion, (26.7?14.5) N in 90? flexion. ACL deficiency knees, (87.3?43.9) N in 30? flexion, (77.7?43.3) N in 60? flexion, (66.2?40.1) N in 90? flexion. The resultant forces significantly increased as a result of ACL deficiency(P

The studies were undertaken on the trauma model of rats,whose right hind legs were amputated,in order to investigate the change in the immune adherence function of red cells,and the effect of treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine,consisting of a mixture of Shen-er,to decrease immune adherence function of red cells after trauma.The results indicats that after trauma (1) the activity of C3b receptor of red cells decreased;(2) the amount of immune complexes on the surface of red cells increased;(3) the activity of the enhancing factors for the immune adherence of red cells dropped;(4) the activity of the inhibitors for the immune adherence of red cells elevated;(5) there is remarkable interrelation in the changes between the activity of the C3b receptors of red cells and the activity of the inhibitors for the immune adherence of red cells;(6) the mixture of Shen-er could effectively raise the inhibited activity of the C3b receptor of red cells;(7) the mixture could also effectively regulate the activity of the inhibitors of the immune adherence of red cells.

Hyperhomocysteinemia is an important independent risk factor for cardio-cerebrovas- cular diseases.Studies in recent years have suggested that hyperhomocysteinemia is also an independent risk factor for vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease.Mild vascular cognitive impairment is the prophase of vascular dementia.Mainly through the damage of vascular wall structure and its function,homocysteine may has correlation with mild vascular cognitive impairment.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the registration success rate of new drug research and develop-ment(R&D)enterprises after adjusting drug registration system in China. METHODS:The national drug policies,regulations and related documents were comprehensively studied and combed to explore the main contents of drug registration system adjustment and its effects on the R&D forms,drug patent and on-site verification. The suggestions were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLU-SIONS:The adjusted drug management system showed new definitions for new drugs and generic drugs in China,as well as de-tailed requirements and regulations for drug R&D conditions,process and on-site inspection. It enhanced the protection of patents and patentees. The new drugs should be assessed its market value and clinical advantages. Data contents and requirements for drug registration declaration were made the relevant adjustments. New drug R&D enterprises should develop drug listed license manage-ment system as early as possible based on the implementation of listed license management system pilot,improve its efficiency and benefit. The new drug R&D should notice the clinical efficacy and demand of market,focus on the drugs with good clinical effica-cy in common diseases,frequently-occurring diseases and major diseases;and those for treating rare diseases,the elderly and chil-dren disease can use easy access or fast track to accelerate the speed of drug registration. New drug R&D enterprises should im-prove the R&D conditions,and standardize the management of development process to ensure the effective and smooth develop-ment.

Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevention and treatment of pneumonia in patients with acute cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI).MethodsData of 278 patients with acute traumatic CSCI admitted from 1988 to 2004 were analyzed retrospectively.Results Pneumonia was the major complication following acute CSCI and discovered by radiography during the first 3—33 days after injury. The all cases were nosocomial pneumonia and G- bacilli were main pathogens, particularly pseudomonas aeruginosa. The incidence of pneumonia of patients with score ≤6 according to the criteria of American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) was significantly higher than those with ASIA score >6 (P<0.001).ConclusionThe high incidence of pneumonia in the CSCI is associated with the level and completeness of the injury. The G- bacilli causing nosocomial infection are main pathogens.

Physical training induces beneficial adaptations,but long excessive exercise may lead to severe damage to the skeletal muscles,liver,heart,kidneys and immune functions. Over the past few decades,health scholars have been searching for natural components that can prevent or improve the damage induced by hyperkinesis. The mechanisms of organ damage induced by long overtraining include immunosuppression,metabolism disorder,hormone disturbance,oxidative damage, etc. Natural poly-saccharides have interventional effects on these injuries,possibly by improving immunity,regulating metabolism and ameliorating free radical damage.

Two new sesquiterpenoids, named as tyromols A and B (1 and 2), were isolated from cultures of basidiomycete Tyromyces chioneus, along with two previously reported 15-hydroxy-6 α, 12-epoxy-7β, 10αH, 11βH-spiroax-4-ene (3) and agripilol C (4). Compounds 1-4 were separated and purified by silica gel, RP-18, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis including IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR experiments.