Objective To evaluate the hemodynamic effects of rocuronium in patients with rheumatic heart disease during induction of anesthesia.Methods Twenty patients of either sex (ASA classes Ⅲ -Ⅳ ;NYHA classes Ⅱ -Ⅲ) scheduled for valve replacement were included in this double blinded study. Their ages ranged from 34 to 62 yr and weights from 48 to 70 kg. The patients were premedicated with intramuscular morphine 0.2 mg?kg-1 and scopolamine 0.3mg. Radial artery was cannukted for direct BP monitoring and Swan-Ganz catheter was placed via right internal jugular vein for hemodynamic monitoring before induction of anesthesia.TOF,BIS,ECG and SpO2 were also monitored throughout anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.05-0.1 mg?g-1 and fentanyl 10-15?g?kg-1. The patients were randomized to receive either rocuronium 0.6 mg?kg-1 (group Ⅰ,n=10) or vecuronium 0.1 mg?kg-1(group Ⅱ,n=10) to facilitate tracheal intubation when BIS value dropped to 60%.The patients were mechanically ventilated (VT 8-10 ml?kg-1 ,RR 10-12 bpm).Systolic arterial pressure (SAP),MAP,HR,cardiac output (CO), PCWP, CVP, mixed venous blood O2 saturation (SvO2), BIS and TOF were recorded and stroke volume (SV), stroke index (SI), LVSWI and rate-pressure product (RPP) were calculated before anesthesia (To), 1 min after administration of muscle relaxant (T1), when TOF reached 0 (T2) and 1,2,3,4,5,7,10,15,20,25,30 min after tracheal intubation (T3-13).Results The demographic data including age, sex and body weight were comparable between the two groups. In rocuronium group HR increased by 17.43% -7.54%,SAP increased by 16.94% - 12.3% and RPP increased by 13.96% - 22.67% respectively during 1-7 min after intubation (T3-8) as compared with the baseline values (To), significantly higher than those in vecuronium group (P

Objective To evaluate the effects of hypothermic cardiopulmouary bypass(CPB) on depth of anesthesia measured by BIS and auditory evoked potential index(AEPI) monitoring and cerebral O_2 and glucose metabolism. Methods Twenty-eight ASA Ⅱ-Ⅲ patients of both sexes(15 males, 13 females) aged 29-55 yrs undergoing elective cardiac valve replacement under hypothemic CPB were studied. Patients were excluded from the study if they had hearing disturbance, hepato-renal dysfunction, diabetes melhtus, hypertension, cerehro-vascular or mental diseases. The patients were premedicated with intramuscular morphine 0.15 mg?kg~(-1) and scopolamine 0.3mg. Anesthesia was induced with midazulam 0.05-0.1 mg?kg~(-1), fentanyl 10 ug?kg~(-1) and pancuronium 0.1 mg?kg~(-1) and maintained with intermittent ⅰ.ⅴ. boluses of fentanyl, diazepam and pancuronium. Radial artery was cannulated for BP monitoring and blood sampling. A CVP catheter was inserted into right internal jugular vein and advanced in a cephalad direction until jugular bulb for blood sampling. BP, HR, T℃(naso-pharyngeal), BIS and AEPI were continuously monitored during operation. Arterial and jugular bulb blood samples were obtained before CPB(T_1), T℃ was lowered to 33℃(T_2)during stable hypothermia(T_3) during rewarming at 33℃(T_4) and 30 min after termination of CPB(T_5) for blood gas analysis and determination of glucose and lactate concentrations. Cerebral oxygen extraction rate(O_2 ER) cerebral glucose extraction rate(GER), arterial-jugular bulb venous lactate difference(DLa-jv) and arterial-jugular bulb venous O_2 content difference (Ca-jvO_2) were calculated. Results Blood glucose and lactate concentrations were significantly increased, while arterial blood pH and DLa-jv did not change significantly during CPB. Cerebral oxygen extraction rate(O_2ER), cerebral glucose extraction rate(GER) and arterial-jugular bulb venous O_2 content difference (Ca-jvO_2) decreased while jugular bulb venous oxygen saturation (SjvO_2) increased with decreasing body temperature. BIS and AEPI values decreased with decreasing T℃ and both were well correlated with T℃. AEPI was positively correlated with O_2 ER and negatively correlated with Ca-jvO_2 whereas BIS was positively correlated with PaO_2. Conclusion Cerebral metabolism is decreased during hypothermic CPB which also deepens anesthetic depth measured by BIS and AEPI monitoring.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of cryosurgery by using fiber optic bronchoscope for the treatment of middle or late stage central lung cancer.Methods Cryosurgery was performed on 31 patients with middle or late stage central lung cancer,who could not received open surgery,with liquid CO2 by using fiber optic bronchoscope.The effectiveness was monitored.Via the bronchoscope,a cryo-probe was inserted to the center or margin of the tumor.The cryotherapy was persisted for 30 to 120 seconds at-50 to-70 ℃.And then,the tumor was removed before the ice-ball on the point of the probe thawed.The procedure was repeated for several times till the airway was reopened.Results After 1 to 6 times therapies(2.5 times on average),the improve rates of cough,hemoptysis,dyspnea,and chest pain were 74%(23/31),87%(27/31),87%(27/31),and 58%(18/31),respectively.The rates of "markedly effective"and "effective" were 61%(19/31)and 39%(12/31)respectively.The pulmonary function of the patients was also improved:the FEV1 rose from(1.21?0.22)L to(1.72?0.35)L(t=21.843,P=0.001),and the FVC was increased from(1.86?0.31)L to(2.26?0.43)L(t=33.703,P=0.001).Conclusions Cryosurgery by using a fiber optic bronchoscope is an effective and minimally invasive method to reopen the airway,control the obstructive pneumonia,and improve dyspnea and hemoptysis.

Objective To explore the role of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR2) in human coronary artery endothelial cell proliferation in vitro. Methods MTT assay was used to detect cell proliferation in human coronary artery endothelial after treatment of S1P and S1PR2 antagonist JTE-013. Phosphor-ERK and total- ERK level were measured by western blot in endothelial after treatment of S1P and JTE-013. Results 1 μmol/L S1P significantly increased endothelial cells proliferation. S1PR2 antagonist JTE-013 inhibited S1P-induced endothelial cell proliferation in dose-dependent manner. S1PR2 antagonist JTE-013 significantly inhibited S1P-induced phosphor-ERK level in endothelial cells. Conclusion S1PR2 may involve in S1P-induced endothelial cell proliferation through activation of ERK pathway.

BACKGROUND: Clinically, in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can be associated with delayed platelet engraftment, phenotypically abnormal peripheral blood leukocytes, and graft rejection, possibly through a direct viral effect on hematopoietic progenitor cells after HCMV infection. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibitory effect of ganciclovir (GCV) on proliferation of colony forming unit (CFU) granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), CFU-erythroid (CFU-E), CFU T-lymphocyte (CFU-TL), CFU-multipotential (CFU-Mix) and CFU-megakaryocyte (CFU-Mk) progenitor cells of cord blood (CB) and the protective effects on them. DESIGN: Contrast observational study.SETTING: Department of Molecular Biology, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 20 cord blood (CB) samples (with 10 mL for each sample) from fetal umbilical vein of normal term spontaneous delivery neonates were provided by the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College. All the patients were informed and agreed with the experiment.METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Department of Molecular Biology, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College from June 2004 to December 2006. Colony forming unit-assay was applied to observe the suppression effect of HCMV-AD169 strain on CFU-GM, CFU-E, CFU-TL, CFU-Mix and CFU-Mk of CB with the presence of GCV. The techniques of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescence quantification PCR were used to demonstrate the existence of HCMV-AD169 DNA in the colony cells of cultured CFU-GM, CFU-E, CFU-TL, CFU-Mix and CFU-Mk. Normal progenitor cells culture system was regarded as blank control group; normal progenitor cells culture system with inactivated HCMV fluid as inactivated (IV) control group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The number and maintaining duration of colonies of cultured progenitor cells were counted by using a light inverted phase contrast microscope. ② The techniques of PCR and fluorescence quantification PCR were used to demonstrate the existence of HCMV-AD169 DNA in the colony cells of cultured progenitor cells.RESULTS: ① Number and lasting time of colonies: The numbers of CFU-GM, CFU-E, CFU-TL, CFU-Mix and CFU-Mk colonies in the HCMV infection group were significantly less than those in the blank control group (P < 0.01). The maintaining duration of colonies in the HCMV infection group was significantly shorter than that in the blank control group (P < 0.01). HCMV-DNA copies of colony cells of GCV group decreased significantly by using fluorescence quantification PCR compared with HCMV group (P < 0.01), while negative in blank control and inactivated control in CFU-MK and CFU-Mix. ② CFU Growth rate: The Growth rate of colonies was 37.4%, 74.2%, 40.1%, 67.4% and 38.9% of CFU-GM, CFU-E, CFU-TL, CFU-Mix and FU-MK, respectively. ③ CFU-HCMV-AD169 DNA: Fluorescence quantification PCR showed that nucleonic acid content of progenitor cells after GCV-affected HCMV infection was decreased as compared with that after HCMV infection (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: The differentiation and proliferation of CFU-GM, CFU-E, CFU-TL, CFU-Mix and CFU-Mk are significantly inhibited after infected with CMV-AD169 strain. The growth of hematopoietic progenitor cell after HCMV-AD169 infection is promoted by GCV, which suggests that GCV has an effect of anti-HCMV in vitro.

OBJECTIVETo explore the molecule mechanism of Salidroside inducing directional differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into neuronal cells.

METHODSThe mouse multipotent mesenchymal precursor cell line (D1) was taken as the objective. Cultured MSCs were divided into the negative control group (complete culture solution), the positive control group (containing 1 mmol/L β-mercaptoethanol), the Salidroside induced group (20 mg/L Salidroside), and the blocked group (20 ng/ ml DKK1, a special inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway). All cells were inoculated in a 6-well plate (1 x 10(4) cells/cm2) and grouped for 24 h. The expression of p-catenin was detected by fluorescence Immunochemistry in the negative control group, the positive control group, and the Salidroside induced group. The expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), beta 3 class III tubulin (β-tubulin III), nuclear receptor related factor 1 (Nurr1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA, Wnt3a, β-catenin, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein6 (LRP6), Axin mRNA were detected using reverse transcrip- tion PCR (RT-PCR). The expression of β-catenin and NSE protein were analyzed by Western blot in the negative control group, the positive control group, and the Salidroside induced group. Ca2+ chelating agents (EGTA), L-type Ca2+ channel blocker (Nifedpine), and IP3Ks special inhibitor (LY294002) were used to block Ca2+ signal pathway respectively. The expression of Wnt3a, LRP-6, Axin, glycogen syn- thase kinase (GSK-3), and β-catenin mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. The β-catenin protein expression was analyzed using Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the positive control group, β-catenin protein was strong positively expressed; the expression of Wnt3a, β-catenin, LRP6, Axin, NSE, β-tubulin III, Nurr1 mRNA, and NSE protein were obviously up-regulated in the Salidroside induced group (P < 0.01). Compared with the positive control group and the Salidroside induced group, β-catenin, NSE, Nurr1, and β-tubulin III mRNA expression decreased; β-catenin and NSE protein expression were also down-regulated in the blocked group (P < 0.01). Compared with the Salidroside induced group, the expression of Wnt3a, LRP-6, β-catenin, and Axin mRNA were down-regulated in the Ca2+ signal blocked group and the salidroside induced group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSalidroside affected directional differentia- tion of MSCs into neuronal cells through Wnt/β-catenin and Ca2+ signal pathway.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6 ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; physiology ; Mice ; Neurons ; Phenols ; pharmacology ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; RNA, Messenger ; Signal Transduction ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; physiology ; beta Catenin ; metabolism

Two hundred and fifty patients with subclinical hypothyroidism ( SCH) and 120 euthyroid volunteers were recruited for the study, SCH patients were stratified into 2 groups according to TSH levels(group A:TSH<10 mIU/ L; group B: TSH>10 mIU/ L). All subjects were examined for clinical characteristics, thyroid profile, lipid profile, and biomarkers of early atherosclerosis. Patients in group B received L-thyroxine replacement treatment to achieve euthyroidism. After 6 months of stable euthyroidism all measurements were repeated. SCH patients had higher levels of total cholesterol(TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C), asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA), carotid artery intima media thickness(CIMT), thromboxane B2(TXB2), and C-reactive protein(CRP) but with lower nitric oxide(NO) level compared with euthyroid subjects. Levels of TC, LDL-C, CIMT, TXB2, and ADMA decreased, and NO level increased significantly after 6 months of euthyroidism. TSH was positively correlated with TC, LDL-C, CIMT, ADMA, and TXB2; and negatively correlated with NO. Based on multivariate regression analysis, TSH was an independent influential factor of CIMT and NO. We conclude that raised TSH is an important risk factor of atherosclerosis in SCH.

Objective:To analyze risk factors that were associated with loss of correction curvature after short-segment restoration and fixation in cases who had single-segment thoracolumbar fracture.Methods:87 Cases who had experienced single-segment thoracolumbar fracture and had underwent short-segment restoration and fixation in our department from Jan 2008 to Jan 2011,and had complete follow-up imaging were included.Cobb angles were measured on lateral thoracolumbar X-ray preoperatively,postoperatively and before removal of internal fixation.And these included the angle formed by vertebras that located above and below injured vertebrae (α angle),superior endplate of injured vertebrae and its superior vertebrae (β angle),inferior endplate of injured vertebrae and its inferior vertebrae (γ angle),inferior and superior endplate of injured vertebrae (δ angle).T-test was used to analyze these angles and their changes.And correlation analysis was used to analyze relationships between α angle change and other risk factors.Results:When compared with preoperative angles,the mean α angle,β angle,γ angle and δ angle were all significantly increased (p＜0.05) after the operation.The mean α angle and δ angle before the removal of internal fixation were both significantly smaller than those after the operation (p＜0.05),and the mean change ofα angle was-2.85 degrees.After the correlation analysis,we found significant correlations between the change ofα angle and postoperative correction curvature(-0.342,p=0.026),injured region in endplate(0.374,p=0.015),and change of the δ angle(0.231,p=0.041).Conclusion:There was significant loss in the correction curvature before the removal of internal fixation.And the loss was significantly associated with postoperative correction curvature,injured region in endplate,and change of the δ angle.

Autophagy is of highly conserved self degradation under physiological and pathological conditions.Recent studies has been shown that autophagy play the important role in the development of ocular diseases.This article reviews the role of autophagy in the development of ocular diseases,and provides new ideals for clinical treatment of ocular diseases.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of atorvastatin on pulmonary fibrosis of rats induced by Bleomycin(BLM). Methods Fourty-two female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups:the control group(group C),the model group which was furtherly divided into group 2-week(M2),4-week(M4),6-week(M6),and atorvastatin-treatment group which was furtherly divided into group 2-week(A2),4-week(A4),6-week(A6). Group M and A were induced to pulmonary fibrosis by the method of BLM endotracheal injection,while group C was injected with saline. On 2nd day,group A were given orally atorvastatin by 10 mg/kg?d. Rats were seperately killed on 2nd,4th and 6th week. After intratracheal injection of BLM,alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis were evaluated by pathology,hydroxyproline concentration and PaO2. Results The lung coefficient of group M2,M4,A2 and A4 was significantly higher than that of group C. The degree of pulmonary fibrosis in group A4 and A6 was improved as compared with group M4,M6. Alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis in group A were improved compared with those in group M.Hydroxyproline concentration in group A and M were significantly higher than that in group C. while A4 was lower than M4 (P