This is a case report of multiple coil embolization for the diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous malformations(PAVM). PAVMs are direct communications between pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins, resulting in an anatomic right-to-left shunt that may cause paradoxical embolization to may occur, resulting in neurologic complications such as stroke or cerebral abscess. The treatment of choice for solitary PAVMs was limited to surgical resection or ligation of the PAVM but, multiple PAVMs present a difficult management problem, since surgical resection is not feasible in most instances. The coil embolization is a safe and effective treatment of multiple PAVMs. Our exprience was of a 5-year-old boy who had cyanosis and clubbing of his finger, and was diagnosed with multiple PAVMs by chest CT and pulmonary angiography. The coil embolization was peformed, thirteen vessels were successfully occluded and no complication in placement of coils occured. Embolization therapy should be performed in all cases of PAVMs to prevent neurologic complications.
Angiography ; Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Brain Abscess ; Child, Preschool ; Cyanosis ; Embolization, Therapeutic* ; Fingers ; Humans ; Ligation ; Male ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Veins ; Stroke ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphologic changes of the injured hepatic acini following ligation of common bile duct and to investigate the pathophysiologic process of hepatic failure and biliary liver cirrhosis in the extrahepatic cholestasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The common bile ducts of 18 rabbits were ligated partially. The rabbits were killed and selective microangiography was carried out with infusion of barium suspension via portal vein 4 to 24 weeks after ligation. Selective microangiography was also carried out in two normal rabbits. The microangiographic findings were evaluated and correlated with histopathologic features. RESULTS: The sinusolds of the liver acinus showed distortion, varying degrees of luminal widening, and irregularities in architecture. Terminal branches of the portal vein (TPV) showed increased number of branches, luminal narrowing, tortuosity, distortion, and beaded appearance. Peribiliary plexi were found as thin curvilinear, barium-filled structures along the wall of the dilated bile duct. The microangiographic findings were well correlated with histopathologic findings. The grades of microangiographic and histopathologic findings were poorly correlated with the duration of the ligation of CBD. CONCLUSION: Changes in microvasculature of the liver acinus following partial ligation of common bile duct were demonstrated by microangiography. Although the microvascular changes were evoked secondary to the injury, they might have some active roles in the pathophysiologic process in the liver.
Barium ; Bile Ducts ; Cholestasis, Extrahepatic ; Common Bile Duct* ; Ligation* ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Failure ; Liver* ; Microvessels ; Phenobarbital ; Portal Vein ; Rabbits

Clinical and Bacteriological studies were carried out on 57 cases of infants and children with shigellosis who were cared from January, 1976 to December, 1980 in our hospital. The results were as follows: 1. The age distribution revealed the range between 6 months and 5 years(85% of all) with sex ratio of 30(53%) of male and 27(47%) of female, 1.1:1. 2. The peak incidence was noted in summer, althought there were occurrence throughout the year, even in winter. 3. On bacteriological studies, Shigellan flexneri was isolated most frequenty(90%) and Shigella sonnei was the next(8.8%). 4. Only 8.3% of Shigella strains were resistant to ampicillin between 1976 and 1977 but resistance increased to 76.7% in 1980. Gentamicin and Kanamycin which are aminoglycosiides were quite effectived but their use was limited becauseof their nephrotoxicity. 5. The average duration from the onset to the clinical improvement including stool character in the 32 ampicillin treated patients was 3.6 days and in the 25 rifampin treated patients was 2.2 days. Rifampin was effective in eradicating the shigella stralins and stool cultures taken at 7th therapeutic day remained negative in all 25 rifampin treated patients but yielded growth of shigella strains in 13 ampicillin treated patients. There was no doubt that rfaimpin was superior to ampicillin for bacillary dysentry. 6. One of these 57 cases was expired and motality rate was 1.8%.
Age Distribution ; Ampicillin ; Child ; Dysentery, Bacillary* ; Female ; Gentamicins ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Kanamycin ; Male ; Rifampin ; Sex Ratio ; Shigella ; Shigella sonnei

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to examine the colposcopic findings underlying referred cytologic abnormalities classified according to the Bethesda system. Further determine the strength of correlations between the referral smear performed at colposcopy, and the histologic diagnosis. METHODS: The charts of 462 patients who had referred to our hospital due to abnormal cytology at another hospitals from Jan. 1997 to Dec. 2001 at Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. According to the necessities, repeat Pap, colposcopy-guided biopsy and conization was done. Results were compared both with referral Pap. One way ANOVA and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The results were as follows. 1. Mean age of the patients was 46.3 +/- 3.7 years. 2. Mean interval between referral smear and repeat smear or colposcopy was 3-82 days. 3. The agreement between referral and repeat Pap smears was 48.4%, no AGUS smears were conformed by repeat cytology and abnormal referral smears reverted to negative in 36.7%: 28.6% for the women with ASCUS, 50% with AGUS, 60% with LSIL, 36.4% with HSIL, and 13% with cancer. 4. The likelihood of a negative colposcopy guided biopsy of referral Pap smears was 14.3% for the women with ASCUS, 50% with AGUS, 25% with LSIL, 15.4% with HSIL, and 0% with cancer and more severe lesion than LSIL was found in 71.4% with ASCUS, 100% with AGUS, 68.8% with LSIL, 84.6% with HSIL, 100% with cancer. 5. The likelihood of a negative colposcopy guided biopsy of repeat Pap smears was 9.1% for the women with ASCUS, 50% with LSIL, 9.5% with HSIL, and 0% with cancer and more severe lesion than LSIL was found in 90.9% with ASCUS, 50% with LSIL, 90.5 with HSIL, 100% with cancer. 6. The likelihood of a negative conization of referral Pap smears was 12.5% for the women with ASCUS, 33.3% with AGUS, 0% with LSIL, 16.4% with HSIL, and 0% with cancer and more severe lesion than LSIL was found in 87.5% with ASCUS, 66.6% with AGUS, 100% with LSIL, 83.6% with HSIL, 100% with cancer. CONCLUSION: The agreement of referral smears with colposcopic biopsy and conization was 54.3% and 51.9%, respectively. Since the cytology classified according to the Bethesda system does not accurately predict histologic diagnosis, cytologic findings should not be used to determine treatment. Further we should use other methods as colposcopy, punch biopsy and conization to determine treatment.
Biopsy* ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Colposcopy ; Conization ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Referral and Consultation ; Retrospective Studies

An anomalous systemic arterial supply to the normal basal segments of the left lower lobe without sequestration is a rare congenital anomaly. It differs from classical bronchopulmonary sequestration in that the involver lung retains a normal connection to the bronchial tree, although some place this entity exists within the broad framework of pulmonary sequestration. We experienced a case of a woman who presented with a nodular lesion on a chest X-ray. Contrast-enhanced CT diagnosed her as having an anomalous systemic arterial supply to the normal basal segments of the left lower lobe. This case is reported with a brief literature review.
Bronchopulmonary Sequestration ; Female ; Humans ; Lung* ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Trees

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

Color Doppler echocardiographic examination was performed to detect and evaluate semiquantitatively the severity of mitral regurgitation in 38 patients who underwent left ventriculography. The sensitivity and specificity of the technique in the detection of mitral regurgitation was 84% and 100% as compared with left ventriculography.Mitral regurgitation in the false negative cases was mostly mild. On the bases of the farthest distance reached by the regurgitation flow signal from the mitral value orifice, the severity of regurgitation was graded on a four point scale and these results were compared with those of angiography. A significant correlation(r=0.87) was found between Doppler imaging and angiography in the evaluation of the severity of mitral regurgitation.Also results was obtained for the evaluation based on the area covered by the regurgitant signals in the left atrial cavity & the regurgitant jet area(RJA) experssed as a percentage of the left atrial are(LLA) obtained in the same plane(RJA/LLA%). In conclusion, Color Doppler echocardiography is a useful noninvasvive thechique that is not only sensitive and specific in the identification of mitral regurgitation but also provides accurate estimation og its severity.
Angiography ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color ; Humans ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

A 59-year-old man was admitted because of progressive proximal muscle weakness over 4 months. Serum creatine kinase was markedly increased and electromyography revealed myopathic pattern. Muscle biopsy showed nonspecific myopathic changes. No inflammatory change was shown. Thyroid function tests revealed very low thyroxine and low triiodo-L-thyronine, whereas thyroid-stimulating hormone was greatly increased as well as serum anti-thyroglobulin and microsome antibodies. The patient had hypothyroid myopathy due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis, which improved with L-thyroxine replacement.
Antibodies ; Biopsy ; Creatine Kinase ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; Microsomes ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Weakness ; Muscular Diseases* ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroiditis* ; Thyrotropin ; Thyroxine

The authors present a case of germinoma in corpus callosum extending to the both frontal lobes with cystic change, in a 27-year-old male. Bilaterallity and cystic change simulated a cystic astrocytoma or a butterfly glioblastoma. The interest in this case is due to the unusual location and the nature of the tumor.
Adult ; Astrocytoma ; Butterflies ; Corpus Callosum ; Frontal Lobe ; Germinoma* ; Glioblastoma ; Humans ; Male

We report a 16-month-old male with a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the cerebellar hemisphere. This tumor consisted of undifferentiated cells resembling germinal or matrix cells of the embryonic neural tube and prominent mesenchymal component.
Cerebellum* ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Neural Tube ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive*