In August 2000, the American Heart Association and the European Resuscitation Council published the conclusions of the International Guidelines 2000 Conference on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care which contains both the new recommendations and an in-depth review. The most important changes in the recommendations according to the authors are discontinuation of the pulse-check for lay people, 500 ml instead of 800~1,200 ml tidal volume during bag-valve-mask ventilation (FiO2 >0.4) of a patient with an unprotected airway, unifying correct endotracheal intubation size as 8.0 mm, vasopressin (40 units) and epinephrine (1 mg) as comparable drugs to treat patients with ventricular fibrillation, early prehospital survey and intravenous lysis for patients who have suffered coronary artery syndrome and stroke.
American Heart Association ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Coronary Vessels ; Emergencies ; Epinephrine ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Resuscitation ; Stroke ; Tidal Volume ; Vasopressins ; Ventilation ; Ventricular Fibrillation

BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to development of neuropathic pain. A neuropathic pain syndrome was produced in rats following prolonged hindpaw ischemia/reperfusion injury, creating an animal model of complex regional pain syndrome-Type I (CRPS-I). This study was designed to evaluate the validity of this model for ROS and pain research. Herein we show superoxide produces N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) mediated mechanical allodynia. METHODS: Male adult SD rats were used for neuropathic pain model. Plasma superoxide production rates of before ischemia (BI) and 5 min after reperfusion (JR) were measured via cytochrome C reduction in the presence of xanthine (without xanthine oxidase, kinetics, 550 nm). Mechanical allodynia was measured in both hindpaws. Activation of NMDA receptor subunit 1 (P-NR1) of lumbar spinal cord (L4-L6) in accordance with the change of allodynia was analyzed by the Western blot. RESULTS: Allopurinol-inhibitable, xanthine oxidase-mediated plasma superoxide production was increased at AR. Mechanical allodynia was present in both hindpaws as early as 1 hr after reperfusion, and lasted at least 1 week. The expression of P-NR1 was the highest at 3 days after reperfusion when the withdrawal threshold was the lowest point. SOD significantly blocked P-NR1 activation. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that ischemia/reperfusion injury induced neuropathic pain model is a good candidate for the research fields of ROS and pain mechanism. The generation of ROS, especially superoxide is partly responsible for NMDA-mediated mechanical allodynia.
Adult ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Central Nervous System Sensitization ; Cytochromes c ; Hindlimb ; Humans ; Hyperalgesia ; Ischemia ; Kinetics ; Male ; Models, Animal ; N-Methylaspartate ; Neuralgia ; Plasma ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Reperfusion ; Spinal Cord ; Superoxides ; Xanthine ; Xanthine Oxidase

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the symmetry and parallelism of the skeletal and soft-tissue poria by three-dimensional (3D) computed tomographic (CT) imaging. METHODS: The locations of the bilateral skeletal and soft-tissue poria in 29 patients with facial asymmetry (asymmetric group) and 29 patients without facial asymmetry (symmetric group) were measured in 3D reconstructed models of CT images by using a 3D coordinate system. The mean intergroup differences in the anteroposterior and vertical angular deviations of the poria and their anteroposterior and vertical parallelism were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The symmetric and asymmetric groups showed significant anteroposterior angular differences in both the skeletal and the soft-tissue poria (p = 0.007 and 0.037, respectively; Mann-Whitney U-test). No significant differences in the anteroposterior and vertical parallelism of the poria were noted (p < or = 0.05; Wilcoxon signed-rank test). CONCLUSIONS: In general, the skeletal poria are parallel to the soft-tissue poria. However, patients with facial asymmetry tend to have asymmetric poria.
Facial Asymmetry* ; Humans ; Poria*

We experienced 5 cases of acute rubella encephalitis, a serious complication of rubella. The patients presented with convulsions and a deteriorated mental state, both of which occurred with a vanishing maculopapular rash and a low grade fever. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed pleocytosis and increased protein and normal glucose levels. We diagnosed the rubella encephalitis by detection of IgM in the serum. Rubella encephalitis is known to be a serious complication of rubella, and with poor prognosis. The mortality rate may reached as high 20%. Our cases recovered without any sequelae.
Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Encephalitis* ; Exanthema ; Fever ; Glucose ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; Leukocytosis ; Mortality ; Prognosis ; Rubella* ; Seizures

Cervical spondylolysis is an extremely rare abnomality of unknown etilogy, first described by Hadley. It is defined s a corticated cleft between the superior and inferior articular facets of the articular pillar, the cervical equivalent of the pars interarticularis in the lumbar spine. A 50-yar-old woman was presented with occipital headache, and pain in the upper neck region. Neurological examination revealed the patients inability to walk because of quadriparesis with mild hypesthesia in both hands and feet. The DTR was hyperactive and pathological reflexes, including Babinski's and Hoffman's, were positive bilaterally. CT showed the bilateral pars interarticularis defects and spinal canal stenosis. MRI revealed signal alteration on the upper spinal cord which was compromised due to the hypertrophied ligamentum flavum. Decompressive laminectomy of C2 was performed and the patient's neurological deficits had recovered to some extent and resulting to her ability to walk without assistance.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Female ; Foot ; Hand ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Laminectomy ; Ligamentum Flavum ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neck ; Neurologic Examination ; Quadriplegia* ; Reflex ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Cord ; Spine ; Spondylolysis*

Intraarterial embolization for a congenital vascular malformation can provide transient symtomatic relief but recurrence of the lesion occurs in most cases. The authors present a 29-year-old female patient with extensive pelvic vascular malformation who was underwent preoperative embolzation twice and a final operative intervention.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Vascular Malformations

No abstract available.
Hand* ; Hyperpigmentation* ; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency* ; Vitamin B 12* ; Vitamins*

Avian influenza (AI) is an infectious, low pathogenic virus that is endemic all over the world and poses a potential threat to the poultry industry. Vaccination is a widely used effective method to prevent avian influenza virus. Here we employed a comparative proteomics approach [two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF)] to characterize proteome in the sera from the specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens, the vaccinated chickens, and the naturally infected chickens. We identified total 58 proteins that were differentially expressed in the sera of three groups. Among them ovotransferrin and vitamin D-binding protein were more expressed in the sera of naturally infected chickens compare with other groups. Our results suggested that the level of these two proteins in the serum may help to discriminate the naturally infected chicken from the vaccinated chicken.
Animals ; Chickens ; Conalbumin ; Electrophoresis ; Influenza in Birds ; Poultry ; Proteins ; Proteome ; Proteomics ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Vaccination ; Viruses ; Vitamin D-Binding Protein

Inflammatory bowel disease has a potential risk of developing colorectal cancer. However, there is little causal relationship between intestinal tuberculosis and colon cancer because intestinal tuberculosis is curable disease and has relatively short disease course. But there were a few case reports of intestinal tuberculosis associated with colon cancer. Diffuse infiltrating colon cancer, characterized by tumor cells in the presence of inflammatory changes with much fibrosis, is very rare in the colon. We experienced a 49-year-old woman who had tuberculous colitis combined with diffuse infiltrative colon cancer. She visited our hospital because of chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain. Colonoscopy showed multiple geographic ulcers in the transverse colon and partial intestinal obstruction. Histological examination revealed non-caseating granuloma and Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured in biopsied tissue. She took an anti-tuberculosis drug for 2 weeks, but her symptoms were aggravated. Therefore, extended right hemicolectomy was performed and revealed mucin-secreting, diffuse infiltrating adenocarcinoma. Herein, we report a rare case of diffuse infiltrative colon cancer coexisting with colonic tuberculosis with a review of liferatures.
Abdominal Pain ; Adenocarcinoma ; Colitis ; Colon* ; Colon, Transverse ; Colonic Neoplasms* ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Diarrhea ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Middle Aged ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis* ; Ulcer

We describe a 58-year-old woman who was incidentally found to have gastric and colonic polyposis, hypoalbuminemia, cutaneous hyperpigmentation and onychodystrophy (Cronkhite-Canada syndrome). Histology of polyps from the stomach showed features of juvenile or retention type (hamartomatous) polyps with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The large pedunculated colonic polyps showed hamartomatous polyps with adenomatous component and polypectomy was performed. After the treatment with H. pylori eradication and omeprazole, the gastric polyposis, hypoalbuminemia and anemia regressed, and endoscopic polypectomy of gastric polyps were performed. After the continuous use of omeprazole for 14 months, the patient showed complete resolution of clinical features of Cronkhite-Canada syndome. The experience of this case suggests that eradication of H. pylori and proton pump inhibitor treatment might be considered in patients with gastric polyposis combined with Cronkhite-Canada syndome.
Anti-Ulcer Agents/*therapeutic use ; Colonic Polyps/complications/microbiology/pathology ; Female ; Helicobacter Infections/complications/*drug therapy ; *Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Nails, Malformed/pathology ; Omeprazole/*therapeutic use ; Polyps/*complications/microbiology/pathology ; Proton Pumps/antagonists & inhibitors ; Stomach Neoplasms/*complications/microbiology/pathology ; Syndrome