In the limb lengthening by gradual distraction techniques, permanent tissue damage and joint contracture or subluxation can occur if the bone is lengthened beyond a certain safety limit. The main cause of those problems seems to be the difference in the reaction to distraction between bone and muscle. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference between the tibialis anterior, a monarticular muscle and extensor of ankle joint, and gastrocnemius, a biarticular muscle and flexor of knee and ankle joint, in their response to bone lengthening in relation to the percentage of lengthening of the tibia by callotasis. Fifteen growing rabbits were divided into three lengthening groups; group I (10% lengthening), group II (20% lengthening), and group III (30% lengthening). The lengthening was done on the left tibiae and the right tibiae were used as a control. Length of the muscle belly, length of the tendon, and weight of the muscle were measured. Histopathologic studies by hematoxylin eosin and Masson trichrome stain were done on the mid-portion of muscle belly and distal musculotendinous junction of each muscle. Scoring system based on five parameters (atrophy of muscle fibers, the internalization of nuclei of muscle fibers, the degeneration of muscle fibers, the regeneration of muscle fibers, and the endomysial fibrosis of muscle fibers) was utilized for semi-quantitative analysis of histopathologic study. The following results were obtained.; 1. The length of muscle belly significantly increased in the experimental side compared to the control in group II, group III of tibialis anterior and in group III of gastrocnemius (P<0.05). 2. The length of tendon did not significantly increase in the experimental side compared to the control in any group of tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius (P>0.05). 3. The weight of muscle did not significantly increase in the experimental side compared to the control in any group of tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius (P>0.05). 4. The score of any 5 parameters did not significantly increase in the experimental side compared to the control in the mid-portion of muscle belly and musculotendinous junction of tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius (P>0.05). 5. The sum of 5 parameters did not significantly increase in the experimental side compared to the control in the mid-portion of muscle belly and musculotendinous junction of group I of either tibialis anterior or gastrocnemius (P>0.05), but significantly increased in the mid-portion of muscle belly and musculotendinous junction in group I and group II of both tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius (P<0.05). The results suggest that significant histopathologic changes can occur beyond 20% lengthening in tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius, and that gastrocnemius is less compliant to distraction than tibialis anterior.
Ankle Joint ; Bone Lengthening ; Contracture ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Extremities ; Fibrosis ; Hematoxylin ; Joints ; Knee ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Rabbits ; Regeneration ; Tendons ; Tibia

The percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) is already being applied to treat almost all types of lumbar disc herniations, ranging from soft contained disc herniation, to migrated disc herniation, and eventually to foraminal and extraforaminal disc herniations. Its concept has already shifted from an indirect central decompression to a direct epidural targeted fragmentectomy with its clinical outcomes comparable to those of conventional open surgery. However, despite the good surgical outcomes reported for this endoscopic procedure for various lumbar spinal pathologies, its procedure still appears to be somewhat complicated for most spine surgeons. This phenomenon might be attributable to the fact that, apart from the technical aspect of the procedure, the surgeons are not familiar with the proper selection of patients. In this article, we have dealt with the basic principle and technique for various surgical conditions. Although these descriptions are totally based on our experiences and therefore have not been statistically analyzed.
Decompression ; Diskectomy ; Humans ; Spine

No abstract available.
Meningioma* ; Optic Nerve* ; Orbit*

No abstract available.
Tissue Expansion Devices*

This study was carried out to longitudinally investigate the iron and zinc intakes and correlation with growth performance of 25 male breast-and formula-fed infants from 1 to 3 months postpartum, longitudinally. There were four groups breast fed(BF) and three formula fed groups((FFM, FFN and FFP). Milk intakes and the concentration of iron and zinc from human milk and the formulas were measured. The iron content of human milk was 2.07+/-1.05(0.63~5.65) microgram/ml. The zinc content was 2.43+/-1.14(0.70~5.30) microgram/ml. Both were not significantly different among postpartum months. The average iron intake of the breast-fed and formula-fed infants was 1.6+/-0.7mg/day and 8.4+/-2.3mg/day, respectively. The iron intake of breast-fed infants was higher than previous reports. And that of formula-fed infants was higher than the RDA. The average zinc intake of the breast-fed group was 1.9+/-0.9mg/day and formula-fed infants' was 2.7+/-0.7mg/day, which was higher than the RDA. There was no correlation between these mineral intakes and the growth performance during 1 to 3 postpartyum months. So, extensive studies of the iron content of human milk and wide cross-sectional studies for establishing iron and zinc recommended dietary allowances for infants are needed.
Breast ; Humans ; Infant* ; Iron* ; Longitudinal Studies* ; Male ; Milk ; Milk, Human ; Postpartum Period ; Recommended Dietary Allowances ; Zinc*

No abstract available.
Leukemia*

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between disease progression and expression of c-erbB-2 and S-100 protein positive dendritic cells in Cervical cancer. STUDY DESIGN: Tissues were analyzed from 100 patients. Each of them had invasive carcinoma(44), microinvasive(12), CIS(33), CIN(II) before treatment, c-erbB-2 oncoprotein expression and S-100 protein positive dendritic cell were confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. (Avidin-biotin complex method) RESULTS: C-erbB-2 immunostaining was significantly associated with disease progression (p<0.05). In case of CIN I, there was not noted stained specimen but in case of invasive carcinoma, 24 cases of stained specimen were noted. S-100 protein positive dendritic cell was not associated with disease progression of cervical carcinoma.(p>0.05) CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, c-erbB-2 is possible factor in Carcinogenesis of cervical carcinoma with progression of it. and S-100 protein positive dendritic cell was not associated with disease progression of cervical carcinoma.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Dendritic Cells* ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; S100 Proteins* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Double elevator palsy(DEP) is rare paralytic anomaly of ocular motility due to monocular paresis of both elevator muscles. Clinically, DEP is classified into the pure paralytic, restricted and mixed types. The authors describe the clinical experiences of 2 cases of purely paralytic type of DEP and 2 cases of restricted type of DEP treated at Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan Pail, Hospital, Inje Medical College from January 1988 to January 1991. The results were as follows: 1) In the pure paralytic type of DEP, the hypotropia was below 30 prism diopters in the primary position and in the restricted type, greater than 60 prism diopters preoperatively. 2) Preoperatively, the pseudoptosis was shown in 2 cases of purely paralytic type of DEP and it was disappeared postoperatively. The Bell's phenomenon was shown the negative result in 2 cases of restricted type of DEP. 3) For the pure paralytic type, the both vertical and horizontal deviation were corrected completely in primary position by the transposition and recession of the horizontal rectus muscles at one surgery and the limitation of ocular motility remained more and less in the elevation postoperatively but no limitation in the adduction and abduction. For the restricted type, the tenectomy of the inferior rectus muscle corrected about 40 prism diopters of hypotropia without the limitation of the infraduction.
Busan ; Elevators and Escalators* ; Muscles ; Ophthalmology ; Paralysis* ; Paresis

No abstract available.

This is to report a clinical observation on 81 cases of genito-urinary tract injuries treated at the urology service. Capital Army Hospital, during the period from January, 1960 to July, 1963. Of 81 Cases which stood for 0.82% of all genito-urinary out patients, 58 cases (or 71.6%) occurred in the urethra, the most common site of involvement, and 6 cases (or 7.2%) showed multiple injuries. Age ranged between 21 and 10 years with the highest incidence of 58.4% in the ages between 21-25 years. In lateralyzation of injury while the kidney showed nosignificant difference the ureter was more frequently involved in the left than in the right with a ratio of 4:1. Traffic accident was listed as high as 56.9% to be most frequent cause of injury and contusion, fall, gun-shot and explosion were listed less frequently. Of associated major injuries, pelvic fracture was seen in 20 cases (33.9%) and all the urethral injuries were accompanied with injuries to gastro-intestinal tract. Of all cases herein reported, 62.3% of cases were treated surgically and the remaining 37.7%. non-surgically. Surgical intervention was necessary in 33.3% of kidney injury, 100% of ureteral injury, 67.8% of urethral injuries and 40% of genital injuries. Average hospitalization required 20.2 days for renal injury and 67.2 days for urethral injury.
Accidents, Traffic ; Contusions ; Explosions ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, Military ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Multiple Trauma ; Outpatients ; Ureter ; Urethra ; Urology