This study was investigated to see the microbiological results(total plate counts, coliforms) and vitamin C contents in cooking five kinds of raw and cooked vegetables, contributing to a data base for making better environment for foodservice, dividing cooking methods into two ways which was generally used at industrial foodservice institutions. Namul and Saengchae, especially Radish Saengchae, seasoned with red pepper powder after seasoning showed higher level of total plate counts and coliforms than guide line. After holding, just before serving, most Namul and Saengchae, except Bean sprout Muchim, showed higher microbiological level than guide line, Saengchae seasoned with soybean, salt, and red pepper paste and Radish Saengchae seasoned with salt and vinegar showed high level of vitamin C remaining rate. By the result of this study, better sanitary treatment and scientific cooking method is demanded when Namuls of Saenchaes are prepared with served in industrial foodservice institutions.
Acetic Acid ; Ascorbic Acid* ; Capsicum ; Cooking ; Gyeongsangbuk-do* ; Raphanus ; Seasons ; Soybeans ; Vegetables* ; Vitamins*

A seven-year-old boy with a history of recurrent aspiration pneumonia was admitted to the Seoul National University Hospital for suspension examination. Anesthesia was induced through the T-cannula with oxygen and enflurane, and ventilation of the lungs was performed easily and resulted in good bilateral breathing sounds. After administration of thiopental, atropine, and vecuronium, endotracheal intubation was administered through the tracheostomy site with an endotracheal tube. Manual ventilation through the pediatric circuit system failed to raise the chest wall. Breathing sounds were absent. Manual assessment of the reservoir bag revealed extremely poor compliance. Immediately, we examined the trachea via ventilation-assisted bronchoscopy and a 2 cm-long diverticulum located in the posterior wall 1.5 cm below the tracheostomy site was discovered. we could therefore understand the reason for the ventilation impairment. The tip of the tube impinged through the diverticulum. After widening the pathway, endotracheal intubation was accomplished successfully into the tracheostomy site and ventilation of the lung was performed easily and resulted in good bilateral breathing sounds. After suspension examination and T-cannula insertion the patient recovered from anesthesia and was transfered to the recovery room.
Anesthesia ; Atropine ; Bronchoscopy ; Compliance ; Diverticulum* ; Enflurane ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Lung ; Male ; Oxygen ; Pneumonia, Aspiration ; Recovery Room ; Respiratory Sounds ; Seoul ; Thiopental ; Thoracic Wall ; Trachea ; Tracheostomy ; Vecuronium Bromide ; Ventilation

Background: Data on liver cirrhosis (LC) patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) are lacking despite the dismal prognosis. We therefore evaluated clinical characteristics and predictive factors related to mortality in LC patients undergoing CRRT. Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study at two tertiary hospitals in Korea. A total of 229 LC patients who underwent CRRT were analyzed. Patients were classified into survivor and non-survivor groups. We used multivariable Cox regression analyses to identify factors predictive of in-hospital mortality. Results: During a median follow-up of 5 days (interquartile range, 1–19 days), in-hospital mortality rate was 66.4%. In multivariable analysis, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score (hazard ratio [HR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.06; p = 0.02), Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04–1.11; p <0.001), and delivered CRRT dose (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92¬–0.98; p = 0.002) were significant risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Patients with a CRRT delivered dose < 25 mL/kg/hr had a higher mortality rate than those with a delivered dose > 35 mL/kg/hr (HR, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.62–6.05; p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that a CRRT delivered dose < 25 mL/kg/hr was a significant risk factor for in-hospital mortality among LC patients with a MELD score ≥ 30. Conclusion High APACHE II score, high MELD score, and low delivered CRRT dose were significant risk factors for in-hospital mortality. CRRT delivered dose impacted mortality significantly, especially in patients with a MELD score ≥ 30.