This study was investigated to see the microbiological results(total plate counts, coliforms) and vitamin C contents in cooking five kinds of raw and cooked vegetables, contributing to a data base for making better environment for foodservice, dividing cooking methods into two ways which was generally used at industrial foodservice institutions. Namul and Saengchae, especially Radish Saengchae, seasoned with red pepper powder after seasoning showed higher level of total plate counts and coliforms than guide line. After holding, just before serving, most Namul and Saengchae, except Bean sprout Muchim, showed higher microbiological level than guide line, Saengchae seasoned with soybean, salt, and red pepper paste and Radish Saengchae seasoned with salt and vinegar showed high level of vitamin C remaining rate. By the result of this study, better sanitary treatment and scientific cooking method is demanded when Namuls of Saenchaes are prepared with served in industrial foodservice institutions.
Acetic Acid ; Ascorbic Acid* ; Capsicum ; Cooking ; Gyeongsangbuk-do* ; Raphanus ; Seasons ; Soybeans ; Vegetables* ; Vitamins*

This research has done for 262 people of the aged men and women that are more than 65 years old who are live in 9 areas of Yecheon as target; through twice of face to face interview for 24 hours recall method, the result of food intake for 2 days is as following. In case of energy, the aged men (women) of sixties ingested 67.7 (72.0)% of Korean RDA by 1,369 (1264) kcal, for the ages of seventies and eighties, 68.9 (66.9)% of Korean RDA and 76.3 (65.8)% by each 1,309 (1104) kcal and 1,368 (1052) kcal. The aged men ingested protein 46.0~49.6 g (70.6~82.9% of RDA), and aged women ingested protein 32.7~40.2 g (59.4~73.0% of RDA). Calcium intake of aged men was 388.8 mg, 319.8 mg, 284.4 mg by age range, and aged women was 291.9 mg (41.6% of RDA), 246.5 mg (35.3% of RDA), 240.1 mg (34.3% of RDA). Iron intake of aged men was 8.6~8.9 mg (72~74% of RDA), and aged women ingested 8.6 mg (71.3% of RDA), 7.5 mg (62.6 of RDA%), 6.6 mg (55.4% of RDA) for iron by age range. Vitamin B1 intake of aged men was 0.62~0.71 mg (62~71% of RDA), and aged women's intake was 0.50~0.60 mg (50~60% of RDA). Vitamin B2 intake of aged men was 0.59~0.60 mg (49% of RDA), and aged women's intake was 0.45~0.50 mg (37~42% of RDA). Vitamin C intake by age range, in case of aged men (women) in sixties was 53.1 (48.9) mg, in seventies was 49.9 (33.2) mg and more than eighties was 34.1 (33.4) mg. The average food intake by age range, in aged men (women) of sixties was 828.9 (670.8) g and seventies was 726.8 (568.8) g and more than eighties was 656.0 (525.3) g. Plant food intake of aged men was 490.8~569.5 g and aged women was 417.9~537.7 g. Aged men (women) of MAR by age range, sixties was 0.60 (0.58), seventies was 0.59 (0.50) and more than eighties was 0.56 (0.49), respectively. INQ for protein, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B, niacin, vitamin C was more than 1 in 60's and 70's aged men, but there was no nutrients in eighties of aged women. Aged men and women's KDDS points represent average 3.14 and 3.04 (out of 5 points), and while intake of the milk was the most lacking, but intake of the fruit was the most lacking in DDS.
Aged ; Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Eating ; Female ; Fruit ; Gyeongsangbuk-do* ; Humans ; Iron ; Male ; Milk ; Niacin ; Phosphorus ; Plants ; Riboflavin ; Thiamine ; Vitamin A ; Vitamins

BACKGROUND: When it comes to wasting blood components, it usually means wastage before transfusion due to several reasons such as improvement of the patient's condition, death of the patient, delay of blood returning, etc. Yet blood components can sometimes can be wasted after a transfusion is started and this is referred as residual blood wastage. In this study, we analyzed the rate and causes of discarded blood components that are not used and the residual blood wastage in order to help reduce the rate of blood component wastage. METHODS: From January 2009 to December 2010, the number of and the reasons for discarded blood components without use and residual blood wastage were analyzed by reviewing the laboratory information system and wastage statements at Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital. RESULTS: The number of blood components issued during the study period was 24,001 units. Among them, the number of units discarded without use was 162 units (0.7%) and the number of units of residual blood wastage was 115 units (0.5%). Among the reasons for the discarded blood component without use, improvement of the patient's conditions ranked as 1st with 80 units (49.5%) and death of the patient ranked as 2nd with 42 units (25.9%). The biggest reason for the residual blood wastage was transfusion-related side effects with as many as 52 units (45.2%). Other than side effects, the wastage of residue from pediatric transfusion were 48 units (41.7%), followed by delay of surgery with 5 units (4.3%) and patients' refusal with 4 units (3.5%). CONCLUSION: The wastage of residue from pediatric transfusion was the second most common cause of residual blood wastage in our hospital. According to this, we should evaluate the routine use of pediatric transfusion bags and their cost-effectiveness in our hospital.
Clinical Laboratory Information Systems ; Disulfiram ; Humans ; Korea

Protoplasts of the wild type strain of Pleurotus osteatus were mutagenized with UV light, and 3,000 colonies were examined for abnormal mycelial and fruiting phenotypes. Forty one strains displayed variant phenotypes in mycelia and fruiting processes. The variant phenotypes were classified into 6 groups: (1) auxotrophic strains, which are incapable of growing on minimal media and can only grow when provided with their specific requirements; (2) abnormal vegetative strains, which grow very slowly on minimal and complete media; (3) primordiumless strains, which fail to develop to the formation of primordia; (4) maturationless strains, which form primordia, but do not form mature fruiting bodies; (5) specifically colored strains, which have Specific bluish grey or bluish white pileus; (6) poorly spored strains, which fail to produce basidiospore or which produce few spores. These variant strains may be useful in genetic breeding programs and for the studies of fungal development and genetics.
Breeding ; Fruit ; Genetics ; Phenotype ; Pleurotus* ; Protoplasts ; Spores ; Ultraviolet Rays