No abstract available.
Genetic Loci* ; Loss of Heterozygosity* ; Stomach Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of paters' doula touch during labor on paternal attachment and role confidence to neonate and couple attachment. METHODS: The participants were 60 couples of laboring woman and her husband who were hospitalized from May 2010 to december 2010. Among 60 couples, 30 couples were assigned to an experimental group and the other 30 couples to a control group. All of them had any other complications of pregnancy. During one month, the paters' duola touch was applied to the experimental group of 32~42 gestation once a week and be in labor. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 14.0 Win program. RESULTS: The scores for role confidence to neonate and couple attachment in the experimental group were significantly higher than those for the control group. The paternal attachment score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, but it was not significant. CONCLUSION: From these findings, it is concluded that paters' doula touch during pregnancy and labor can be helpful to improve attachment to the neonate and his/her spouse.
Doulas ; Family Characteristics ; Fathers ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Spouses

Twenty isolates of Hantavirus were isolated from patients and reserovirs from 1988 to 1994 in Korea. Isolation rate was 1.9% (10/538) in patients, 6.2% (5/81) in Apodemus sp., 2.6% (1/38) in Rattus sp. and 0.6% (4/677) in bats. Reciprocal mean IFA titers ranged from 27.5 to 1,024 at the specimen collection. According to the growth rate and reaching peak titer of infectivity, the isolates were grouped as rapid, intermediate, and slow growing groups. All isolates were confirmed as Hantaan type by the nested RT-PCR on the Gl region of the M segment. Comparison of nucleotide sequence (Nt: 2101 - Nt: 2280) of the G2 region revealed that the sequence homology between Hantaan 76/118 virus and the isolates was more than 90%. Several nucleotide positions of the isolates showed high variation. The variation rate of patientisolates was about one-half when compared with that of rodentisolates. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis Hantaan viruses isolated were divided into two genogroups. These results indicate that Hantaan virus is highly dominant serotype in Korea and the virologic property and genogroup are not correlated.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chiroptera ; Genotype ; Hantaan virus* ; Hantavirus ; Humans ; Korea* ; Murinae ; Rats ; Sequence Homology ; Specimen Handling

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Kidney*

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Kidney*

In Korea, there was a big outbreak of aseptic meningitis in 1993. Six clinical isolates of enterovirus were obtained from patients with aseptic meningitis and were identified as echovirus type 9 by serotyping with a pool of neutralizing antisera. For molecular characterization of the isolates, the nucleotide sequences of 5'-noncoding region (NCR), VP4, VP2, VP1, 2A and 2C regions of the isolates were compared with the corresponding regions of echovirus type 9 Hill and Barty strains. Unlike Hill strain, Barty strain contained a C-terminal extension to the capsid protein VP1 with an RGD (argnine-glycine-aspartic acid) motif. To determine whether similar structural features were present in our isolates, their nucleotide sequences including the VP1 region were analyzed. All isolates exhibited the VP1 extension with the RGD motif. We concluded the Korean isolates in the year of 1993 as the echovirus type 9 Barty strain although the isolates showed 15-20% nucleotide sequence differences in the several genomic regions.
5' Untranslated Regions ; Base Sequence ; Capsid/genetics ; Comparative Study ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/genetics ; Echovirus 9/genetics* ; Genome, Viral ; Human ; Meningitis, Aseptic/virology* ; Molecular Sequence Data ; RNA Helicases/genetics ; Variation (Genetics)*

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of gallstone disease is increasing in Korea. Gallstone disease and atherosclerosis share common risk factors. Ultrasonographic carotid intima-media thickness is an independent predictor of atherosclerosis. We measured the carotid intima-media thickness among men who had gallstones to establish the association between atherosclerosis and gallstones. METHODS: A total of 330 men who visited the health promotion center of the IS Hallym Hospital from January 2011 to July 2012 were recruited. Both abdomen and carotid ultrasonographies were performed. Demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical data were collected. RESULTS: The prevalence of gallstones was 6.6%. The carotid intima-media thickness, age, and body mass index were higher in subjects with gallstones (P < 0.05 for all). After Pearson correlation analysis, gallstone, age, body mass index, and fasting blood sugar were significantly associated with carotid intima-media thickness. A statistically positive association between gallstone and carotid intima-media thickness was demonstrated in a multivariate analysis adjusted for age, body mass index, and fasting blood sugar. CONCLUSION: Carotid intima-media thickness is higher in male subjects with gallstones, indicating that they are at greater risk for atherosclerosis.
Abdomen ; Atherosclerosis ; Blood Glucose ; Body Mass Index ; Carotid Artery, Common* ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Fasting ; Gallstones* ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of job characteristics and occupational stress on health-related behavior. METHODS: Eight thousand five hundred twenty two workers (21-65 years of age) who recruited from a nationwide sample in Korea completed a self-administered questionnaire regarding socio-demographic factors, job characteristics, health-related behaviors such as alcohol consumption, current smoking status & exercise, and occupational stress assessed by Korean Occupational Stress Scale. Multivariate analyses were conducted to analyze the association of occupational stress and job characteristics with health behavior according to gender separately. RESULTS: In male, the problem drinking was positively associated with older age, lower educational level, some industries such as 'transport,' 'wholesale and retail trade' industries, difficult physical environment, insufficient job control, inadequate social support, job insecurity, and organizational injustice. Current smoking was positively associated with younger age, lower educational level, single marital status, lower incomes, 'transport' industry and high job demand. The rate of regular exercise was negatively associated with lower incomes, shift works, and the 'electricity, gas and water supply' industies, high job demand, insufficient job control, inadequate social support, job insecurity, and lack of reward. 'Financial institutions and insurance' industry. CONCLUSION: Occupational stress and certain industrial classification have impact on health related lifestyles in Korean male employees.
Alcohol Drinking ; Drinking ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Style ; Male ; Marital Status ; Multivariate Analysis ; Reward ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Water ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Operative management of acute cholecystitis in aged patients has been shown to have relatively higher morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine appropriate management protocols for acute cholecystitis in those more than 70 years old. METHODS: From May 2003 to Dec 2009, we performed this study of patients over 70 years old that were diagnosed with acute cholecystitis (n=257). We excluded patients that had a hepatobilliary malignancy, a previous laparotomy history, secondary cholecystitis, or a high operative risk factor (n=78). Eligible participants were divided into two groups according to the first management of acute cholecystitis. One hundred two of the 179 (group A) had undergone a laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) or open cholecystectomy (OC) within 48 hr after arriving at the emergency room; 77 of the 179 (group 2) had PTGBD done as the first management protocol. We divided group 2 into group C (n=47) and D (n=30) according to cholecystectomy or not. We compared clinical outcomes of the two groups. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 77.5 years old (102 for Group A and 77 for Group B. Univariant analysis of pre-operative clinical findings between groups A and B showed a significant difference only in age and in type of acute cholecystitis, However, the pre-operative co-morbidity of group B was significantly higher than that for group A. Comparing postoperative results between groups A and C, postoperative complications, open conversion rate, and mortality after cholecystectomy were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: PTGBD could be considered as appropriate management in aged patients with acute cholecystitis. Moreover, PTGBD can reduce unnecessary cholecytectomies.
Aged ; Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic ; Cholecystitis ; Cholecystitis, Acute ; Drainage ; Emergencies ; Gallbladder ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Postoperative Complications ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has replaced open cholecystectomy (OC) for the majority of patients. However, a minority of patients still require conversion to open cholecystectomy during the perioperative period. This study was designed to determine the contributing factors related to conversion to open cholecystectomy. METHODS: The data from 3,510 laparoscopic cholecystectomies, performed at Chung-Ang university hospital from September 1990 to June 2001, were reviewed retrospectively. Pre-operative laboratory data, post-operative pathologic findings, complications, and the reasons for conversion to open cholecystectomy were evaluated. RESULTS: Sixty six (1.88%) of 3,510 patients were converted to open surgery, due to bleeding (39%), adhesion (26%), bile duct injury (23%) and inflammation (6%). These conversion cases were more prevalent in males and needed longer hospital stay. Thickening of the gallbladder wall and gangrenous cholecystitis were frequent pathologic findings among the conversion cases. CONCLUSION: Thickening of the gallbladder wall, inflammation and anatomical variation of the gallbladder were important factors for conversion to open surgery. Thus, these predictive findings allow the surgeons to preoperatively discuss the higher risk of conversion and allow for an earlier judgement and decision on conversion if intraoperative difficulty is encountered.
Bile Ducts ; Cholecystectomy* ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Cholecystitis ; Conversion to Open Surgery ; Gallbladder ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Perioperative Period ; Retrospective Studies