GRP was known as the modulator of pain transmission in central nervous system and local effector to peripheral tissue causing vasodilation, increased blood flow, modulation of immune system, stimulation of endothelial cell proliferation, and stimulation of bone formation. Numerous study, therefore, were done to elucidate involvement of CGRP to tooth movement. To investgate the response of CGRP immunoreactive nerve cells according to cell size in trigemeinal ganglion during tooth movement, immunohistochemical study was performed using rat. Experimental rats(9 weeks old, 210 gm) were divided as six groups(normal(n=6), 3 hours group(n=5), 12 hour group(n=4), 1 day group(n=5), 3 day group(n=5), 7 day group(n=5)), and were applied orthodontic force (approximately 30 gm) to upper right maxillary molar. After frozen sections of trigeminal ganglions were immunostained using rabbit antisera, the changes of CGRP immunoreactive cells in regard to cell size distribution(small cell(up to 20 microgramm), medium cell(20-35 microgramm), large cell(above 35 microgramm)) were observed. The results were as follows 1. The percentage of CGRP immunoreactive cells to all nerve cells in trigeminal ganglion was 33.0% in normal control group, was decreased to 24.5% in 1 day group, and was increased to 41.8% in 7 day group. 2. The percentage of small, medium, and large cells expressing CGRP immunoreactivity in normal trigeminal ganglion to all CGRP immunoreactive cells were 51.3%, 44.0%, 4.7%, respectively. 3. The percentage of small cells with CGRP immunoreactivity to all CGRP immunopositive cells was increased in 3 hour and 12 hour groups. 4. The percentage of medium cells with CGRP immunoreactivity was increased in 3 day and 7 day groups. 5. The percentage of large cells with CGRP immunoreactivity was increased in 7 day group. Conclusively, the small cells with CGRP immunoreactivity in trigeminal ganglion respond to orthodontic force during initial phase of tooth movement, and later the medium and large with CGRP immunoreactivity respond.
Animals ; Cell Size ; Central Nervous System ; Endothelial Cells ; Frozen Sections ; Ganglion Cysts ; Immune Sera ; Immune System ; Molar ; Neurons* ; Osteogenesis ; Rats* ; Tooth Movement* ; Tooth* ; Trigeminal Ganglion* ; Vasodilation

Korean Society of Thyroid-Head and Neck Surgery appointed a Task Force to provide guidance on the implementation of a surgical treatment of oral cancer. MEDLINE databases were searched for articles on subjects related to “surgical management of oral cancer” published in English. Results were restricted to systematic reviews, randomized control trials/controlled clinical trials, and observational studies. The quality of evidence was rated with use RoBANS (Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies) and AMSTAR (A Measurement Tool to Assess the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews). Evidence-based recommendations for practice were ranked according to the American College of Physicians grading system. Additional directives are provided as expert opinions and Delphi questionnaire when insufficient evidence existed. The Committee developed 68 evidence-based recommendations in 34 categories intended to assist clinicians and patients and counselors, and health policy-makers. Proper surgical treatment selection for oral cancer, which is directed by patient- and subsite-specific factors, remains the greatest predictor of successful treatment outcomes. These guidelines are intended for use in conjunction with the individual patient's treatment goals.
Advisory Committees ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Counseling ; Expert Testimony ; Humans ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Neck ; Republic of Korea