The development of endotracheal tubes with high-volume and low-pressure cuffs has decreas ed the incidence of associated tracheal injury. If room air used for inflation of the cuff during general anesthesia using N2O-O2, mixtures, however, endotracheal tube cuff result in distention and potential pressure changes. Therefore, tracheal pressure injury may occur during long general anesthesia(especially, head and neck surgery). For the prevention of this problems and the determination of proper methods, we performed this study relating to nitrous oxide diffusion into a gas filled endotracheal tube cuff.
Anesthesia, General ; Diffusion ; Head ; Incidence ; Inflation, Economic ; Neck ; Nitrous Oxide*

Efforts from various approaches have been made to anesthetize myasthenic patients associated with thymoma and, on a ehoice of kinds and dosage of the muscle relaxants, there were considerable solicitude of the anesthesiologist. In recent years, intermediate aeting none depolarizing muscle relaxants were developed and its use tends to increase. we used with the divided dose administration of small amount vecuronium and observed the degree of relaxation using peripheral nerve stimulator for endotracheal intubation and maintenance of anesthesia. On the basis of our experience, we would like to recommand techniques that administrate the divided dose of small amount vecuronium as a musde relaxant and use peripheral nerve stimulator during general anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; beta-Aminoethyl Isothiourea ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Myasthenia Gravis* ; Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents ; Peripheral Nerves ; Relaxation ; Thymectomy* ; Thymoma* ; Vecuronium Bromide

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is a rare disease in Korea, but the incidence has being increased according to the changes of body contour and life style. Now we have more concern about slipped capital femoral epiphysis, especially the factors which contribute to the final result of treatment. Many factors such as severity of slip, stability of slipped epiphysis, whether closed reduction was done or not, whether severe complication like avascular necrosis or chondrolysis has occurred or not have effect on the result. We analyzed 20 cases of slipped capital femoral epiphysis, which occurred in 16 adolescence in view of which factors contributed to the final satisfactory result. In our study, the difference in the duration of symptoms, instability of slipped epiphysis, patients age, association with obesity or acute trauma and the number of pins had much effect on the final results and whether the reduction was done or not, the kinds of pins and association with endocrinopathy made a little difference. But further studies are necessary because the number of cases is not sufficient and the length of follow up period is not long.
Adolescent ; Epiphyses ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Life Style ; Necrosis ; Obesity ; Rare Diseases ; Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses*

Congenital lobar emphysema has the clinical features of an air block' syndrome with- out the evidence of pulmonary infection or intrabronchial foreign body. The hyperinflated lung causes a compression of uninvolved lobes creating respiratory distress, cyanosis within the first weeks of life. We experienced a case of congenital lobar emphysema diagnosed incidentally by chest reontgenogram in an infant with frequent upper respiratory infection within a few weeks of life. Chest X-ray revealed extensive emphysematous changes in the left upper lobe, shifting of heart and medistinum to the right and compression of the right lung. Respiratory distress, cyanosis and chest wall retraction ensued and left upper lobe Lobectomy was performed successfully.
Cyanosis ; Emphysema* ; Foreign Bodies ; Heart ; Humans ; Infant ; Lung ; Thoracic Wall ; Thorax

A 62-year-old woman with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia(HHT) or Osler-Weber-Rendu disease involving the liver is presented. Imaging findings including color Doppler sonograph and CT findings are described.
Female ; Humans ; Liver* ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVE: The study aims to compare daily treatment costs of risperidone and olanzapine in the Korean RODOS data. METHODS: Retrospective inpatient chart review yielded pharmacoeconomic data of 1096 patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. RESULTS: The mean+/-SD daily effective dose of olanzapine treatment was 14.9+/-5.3 mg compared to 5.1+/-1.8 mg for risperidone. Use of concomittant neuroleptics was higher in olanzapine group (risperidone 29%;olanzapine 35%;p=0.034), while use of other concomitant drugs was higher in risperidone group (risperidone 97%;olanzapine 90%;p<0.001). The mean+/-SD total costs of all inpatient drugs was significantly higher (p<0.001) for olanzapine (338, 431 Korean Won+/-289, 884) than risperidone (114, 775 Korean Won+/-97, 835). Although this difference in the average total costs in part reflects the longer treatment duration for olanzapine compared to risperidone (52 day versus 43 day), the cost difference remained when looking at costs on a daily basis and when correcting the baseline differences. The mean+/-SD daily costs of all inpatient drugs was significantly higher (p<0.001) for olanzapine (9, 407 Korean Won+/-10, 767) than risperidone (4, 475 Korean Won+/-4, 312). CONCLUSION: When both olanzapine and risperidone are considered appropriate, it is desirable to choose risperidone first in terms of the pharmacoeconomic consideration of the cost of these drugs.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Economics, Pharmaceutical ; Health Care Costs ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Psychotic Disorders ; Retrospective Studies* ; Risperidone* ; Schizophrenia

No abstract available.
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease* ; Sterilization, Tubal*

The present study was performed to prove the relationship between CO-CR discrepancy and facial skeletal type. In this study, 242 subjects were randomly selected and devided into 9 groups(devided into class I, Il, 111 by ANB and each one devided into dolicho-, brachy mesofacial skeleton by Ricketts' vertical index). Lateral cephalometric radiographs with the mandible in centric occlusion were taken and measured and CO and CR bites were registered on all subjects. Diagnostic casts were mounted on Panadent articulator using an estimated face-bow and centric relation bite registration. The amount and direction of CO-CR discrepancy present was recorded using a Condylar Position Indicator(CPI) and a centric occlusion wax bite registration. CPI measurements and cephalometric measurements were statistically analyzed. The finding of this study can be summerized as follows: 1. There is little correlation between right and left sides for magnitude or direction. of CO-CR discrepancies. The correlation between the magnitude of CO-CR discrepancy of left A-P and right A-P is higher than that of left S-I and right S-I. 2. Correlation of Class H malocclusion group was higher than that of the other groups between the magnitude of CO-CR discrepancy of left CPI and right CPL 3. There is no difference between the pattern of CO-CR discrepancy of 9 malocclusion groups. 4. There is very little, if any, correlation between Skeletofacial measurements and CO-CR discrepancy. 5. In Class II brachyfacial skeleton and Class IIl mesofacial skeleton there was Lateral cephalometric measurements by that we predict CPI measurements was detected. That was overbite, overjet, upper gonial angle, lower gonial angle, saddle angle, articular angle, convexity of point A, ANS-Me/Na-Me, PCBL/I3H, Posterior FH/anterior FR
Centric Relation ; Dental Articulators ; Jaw Relation Record ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Overbite ; Skeleton

Rapid influenza diagnostic test (RIDT) is widely used for the diagnosis of influenza owing to its simplicity and convenience of use. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a new RIDT, SD Standard F influenza A/B FIA (SD Biosensor, Inc., Korea) (Standard F) and compare its performance with BD Veritor Flu A+B (Veritor), using the results of real-time reverse transcription PCR (rRT-PCR) analysis as the standard for reference. On comparing the results obtained from both the RIDTs and rRT-PCR qualitatively, it was found that the Veritor and Standard F assays have the sensitivity of 65.6% (21/32) and 71.9% (23/32), respectively, for the detection of influenza A with a specificity of 100.0% (68/68). Additionally, both the assays demonstrated a sensitivity of 66.7% (12/18) and specificity of 100.0% (68/68) for the detection of influenza B. The cutoff index (COI) value of the fluorescence color intensity from the Standard F assay, displayed on the device along with the qualitative results, indicated a negative correlation with the Ct value from rRT-PCR for both influenza A and B (P<0.001). The sensitivity of the new RIDT for the detection of influenza was comparable with that of the Veritor assay and the new RIDT could be used as a substitute for existing RIDTs by providing additional information to predict the approximate viral burden of influenza.

This study investigated the patterns of alcohol disorder comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, using Korean nationwide epidemiological data. By two-stage cluster sampling, 5,176 adult household residents of Korea were interviewed using the Korean version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Psychiatric disorders strongly associated with alcohol disorders were, other drug abuse or dependence, major depression, simple phobia, antisocial personality disorder, tobacco dependence, and pathological gambling. Male alcoholics had a tendency to begin with tobacco dependence, and some male pathological gamblers first had alcohol disorders. The presence of comorbid psychiatric disorders was associated with a more severe form and the later onset of alcohol disorders, and associated with help-seeking for alcohol abuse/dependence.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age of Onset ; Aged ; Alcohol-Induced Disorders/*epidemiology/physiopathology/psychology ; Alcoholism/*epidemiology/physiopathology/psychology ; Cluster Analysis ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Mental Disorders/*epidemiology/physiopathology ; Middle Aged ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; Time Factors