No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Proteinuria*

PURPOSE: To define possible mechanism of posture-dependent symptom of spinal stenosis by measuring the effect of low back motion on the morphologic change of intervertebral disc and spinal canal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty healthy young volunteers underwent magnetic resonance imaging (1.5T MR scanner, GE) while supine with their lumbar spine in neutral, flexed, extended, and right and left rotational positions. The axial MR images at the middle of the intervertebral disc of L3-4 and L4-5 were analyzed to measure the difference of the size and shape of the disc and spinal canal in each posture. RESULTS: Extension decreased the sagittal diameters and the cross-sectional areas of the dural sac and spinal canal and increased the thickness of ligamentum flavum, whereas flexion had the opposite effects. The gap between convex posterior disc margin and anterior margin of facet joint of each side, represented as subarticular sagittal diameter, increased with flexion and decreased with extension or rotation. The directions of the rotation did not result any asymmetry of the subarticular sagittal diameter, but right rotation resulted thickening of right ligamentum flavum. The shape and dimensions of disc did not significantly change according to the positions of low back. CONCLUSIONS: With extension or rotation, the thickness of ligamentum flavum increased and posterior margin of the intervertebral disc was approximated to facet joint secondary to posterior movement of upper vertebral body without any change of shape and size of the disc. These phenomena result decrease of the size of spinal canal and dural sac in extension or rotation posture in young healthy people and may explain the posture-dependent symptom of spinal stenosis.
Intervertebral Disc ; Ligamentum Flavum ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Posture ; Spinal Canal* ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine ; Volunteers ; Zygapophyseal Joint

This study was carried out to evaluate the diagnosis of acute clinical mastitis (ACM) which was based on the vital signs and complete blood count (CBC) tests in dairy cows. Twenty eight dairy cows diagnosed with ACM, were selected for the study between Jan 2003 and July 2006 in the National Institute of Animal Science. Based on their vital signs (rectal temperature, depression, rumen contraction and, dehydration status), ACM was divided into three different classes; mild, moderate and severe forms. In addition, ACM cows were subjected to CBC tests for further diagnosis of ACM. Of the 27 dairy cows diagnosed with ACM, 3 cows were determined to have a mild form, while moderate and sever forms were each observed in twelve cows. Among of them, 4 cows died, 5 cows were culled and 18 cows were recovered. In the mild form, all haematological parameters were comparable with normal values. However, leukopenia, due to neutropenia and lymphocytopenia, appeared characteristically in the moderate and severe forms. Using the observation of vital signs in conjunction with CBC tests, the diagnosis of ACM is more accurate, and is helpful in making decisions of whether treatment or culling of dairy cows infected with ACM is most appropriate.
Animals ; Blood Cell Count ; Contracts ; Dehydration ; Depression ; Female ; Leukopenia ; Lymphopenia ; Mastitis ; Neutropenia ; Reference Values ; Rumen ; Vital Signs

The objective of this study was to investigate the calf death and analyse the causes of the mortality by based on medical records and autopsy findings during 10 years in a large dairy farm. Total of 1,361 calf born and 146 calf dead during the invested period. Mortality rate was 10.7% and showed the big difference by year-specific mortality from 2.8% (4 calves) to 19.2% (28 calves). The highest rate of mortality was 1 week age (18.5%, 27 calves) and followed by 2 week age (11.6%, 17 calves) and mortality of more old calf tended to be reduced. The death less than 4 weeks and 8 weeks of age of the entire mortality accounted for 41.1% (60/146 calves) and 70.0% (102/146 calves), respectively. Causes of calf death were digestive diseases (53.4%), respiratory diseases (17.1%), musculoskeletal disease (8.2%), and systemic disease (8.2%) in order. Specific causes of calf death was highest in enteritis (43.2%), followed by pneumonia (14.4%), sepsis (8.2%) and fractures (3.4%). Seasonally, most of calf death happened in winter (48.6%) and then fall (21.2%). This results showed that enteritis and pneumonia are the main reason of calf death but other reasons were involved in calf death on the based on autopsy finding. On going research relating factors of calf mortality is needed.
Autopsy ; Enteritis ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; Pneumonia ; Seasons ; Sepsis

Lack of hygiene and puerperal mastitis are common causes of bacterial diseases in nursing neonates. The aim of this study was to isolate microorganisms from milk samples of healthy female Jindo dogs with suckling puppies and to investigate antimicrobial susceptibility against the isolated bacteria. Milk samples were collected from 120 udders of 12 lactating Jindo dogs that were 2~4 years old without any clinical diseases including mastitis. Bacteria were isolated from 64 milk samples (53.3%), either singly (76.6%) or in combination (23.4%). Staphylococcus (S.) spp. was the most common microorganisms (74.7%) isolated from canine milk, followed by Haemophillus spp. (10.9%), Streptococcus spp. (9.6%), Gardnerella spp. (2.4%) and Moraxella spp. (2.4%). The most frequently isolated organism was S. warneri (31.3%). Antimicrobial susceptibility of these bacteria was tested with 17 antimicrobial agents by Kirbyand Bauer standardized disc diffusion method. Results indicated that bacteria isolated from healthy canine milk were mostly susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cephalothin and ceftiofur, but were resistant to erythromycin, neomycin and tetracycline.
Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination ; Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Bacteria ; Cephalosporins ; Cephalothin ; Diffusion ; Dogs ; Erythromycin ; Female ; Gardnerella ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Infant, Newborn ; Mammary Glands, Animal ; Mastitis ; Milk ; Moraxella ; Neomycin ; Staphylococcus ; Streptococcus ; Tetracycline

Ocular setariases of cattle were reported but those of equine hosts have never been reported in the Republic of Korea (Korea). We found motile worms in the aqueous humor of 15 horses (Equus spp.) from 12 localities in southern parts of Korea between January 2004 and November 2017. After the affected animals were properly restrained under sedation and local anesthesia, 10 ml disposable syringe with a 16-gauge needle was inserted into the anterior chamber of the affected eye to successfully remove the parasites. The male worm that was found in 7 of the cases showed a pair of lateral appendages near the posterior terminal end of the body. The papillar arrangement was 3 pairs of precloacal, a pair of adcloacal, and 3 pairs of postcloacal papillae, plus a central papilla just in front of the cloaca. The female worms found in the eyes of 8 horses were characterized by the tapering posterior terminal end of the body with a smooth knob. Worms were all identified as Setaria digitata (von Linstow, 1906) by the morphologic characteristics using light and electron microscopic observations. This is the first blindness cases of 15 horses infected with S. digitata (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in Korea.
Anesthesia, Local ; Animals ; Anterior Chamber ; Aqueous Humor ; Blindness* ; Cattle ; Cloaca ; Female ; Horses* ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Needles ; Parasites ; Republic of Korea* ; Setariasis ; Syringes

Mites in the genus Chorioptes cause a mild form of skin disease in both domestic and wild ruminants. In July 2006, dermatitis characterized by alopecia, marked lichenification, accumulation of crust, and fissuring was recognized in 14 out of 200 Holstein dairy cattle raised in the cattle farm of the National Institute of Animal Science in Cheonan, Republic of Korea. Skin lesions were distributed mainly over the tail base, and sacral and perineal regions. Microscopic examinations of skin scraping samples from severely affected areas revealed numerous mites of all developmental stages. Morphologically, pedicels of the mites were short and unjointed. The tarsal suckers occurred on the pedicels of all the legs in the male worm and on the first, second, and fourth pair of legs in the adult female worm. A single long seta at the tarsus of legs III and the length of legs II being about twice as long as legs IV in adult male mites were observed. Arising anterior to the inner-most spatulate seta was a short seta with an average of 26.4 +/- 5.8 micrometer in length. Also, the length of setae #4 on the opisthosomal lobes was relatively short. Based on these observations, the mites were identified as Choriptes texanus. Although the chorioptic mange may not influence the mortality rate in the affected farm, reports indicate that a decline in milk production can be observed. This is the first report of chorioptic infestation in a cattle farm from Korea.
Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology/*parasitology/pathology ; Disease Outbreaks/*veterinary ; Female ; Korea/epidemiology ; Mite Infestations/epidemiology/pathology/*veterinary ; Psoroptidae/*anatomy & histology/*classification

The changes in serum levels of immunoglobulins G, M and A of dairy and beef calves of well-managed herds were monitored from birth to 14 days post partum using single radial immunodiffusion. Serum levels of all three immunoglobulin classes reached its peak at 24 hours in both groups of calves after birth, at which time there were very high levels of each immunoglobulin present. The mean IgM and IgA levels of the two groups became same at 6 days and 8 days of age, respectively but the mean IgG level of beef calves was approximately twice that of dairy calves throughout the experiment.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cattle/*immunology ; Female ; Immunodiffusion/veterinary ; Immunoglobulin A/blood ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; Immunoglobulin M/blood ; Immunoglobulins/*blood ; Male ; Pregnancy

In view of the high prevalence rate of bovine leukemia virus (BLV)infections in cattle over the entire country, a large dairy farm in Chungnam province was chosen and 'test and segregate' program was instituted. On July 1999, ELISA test was performed on 491 animals on the farm and only 163 cattle (139 adult cows, 18 female and 6 male calves)were BLV-seronegative. From February 2000 through April 2004, the seronegative group was placed in barns 1,500 to 2,000 m from seropositive group and thereafter tested at 3-to 5-month intervals by ELISA. Animals seroconverted in consecutive tests were removed from the seronegative group immediately after the detection of anti-BLV antibodies. The changes in management were aimed at preventing iatrogenic transfer of blood between cattle. Replacement heifers imported from other countries and calves born at the farm were repeatedly tested by ELISA, and only seronegative animals were introduced into the group. As of April 2004, there were 311 cattle in the BLV seronegative group of the farm. Twent y four cows of the initial 139 adult cows were seroconverted in 2000, and no seropositive animals were found since February 2001. Follow up of the group, from which all seropositive cattle were moved to a separate location, revealed no recurrence of BLV infection for three years. The approach in the present study might be valuable for Korean producers who would like to move toward a BLV-negative status.
*Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/*blood ; Cattle ; Enzootic Bovine Leukosis/*prevention&control ; Female ; Korea ; Leukemia Virus, Bovine/*isolation&purification ; Male ; Prevalence

This study describes the first record of Globocephalus samoensis (Nematoda: Ancylostomatidae) recovered in wild boars from southwestern regions of Korea. Gastrointestinal tracts of 111 Korean wild boars (Sus scrofa coreanus) hunted from mountains in Suncheon-si, Gwangyang-si, and Boseong-gun between 2009 and 2012 were examined for their visceral helminths. G. samoensis, as identified by morphological characteristics of the head and tail, were recovered from the small intestine of 51 (45.9%) wild boars. Worms were found from 7 of 28 wild boars (25.0%) from Suncheon-si, 40 of 79 (50.6%) from Gwangyang-si, and all 4 (100%) from Boseong-gun. The length of adult females was 7.2+/-0.5 mm, and the thickest part of the body measured the average 0.47+/-0.03 mm, while those of males were 6.52+/-0.19 and 0.37+/-0.02 mm, respectively. The buccal cavity was equipped with a pair of large and bicuspid subventral lancets near the base of the capsule. The average length of spicules of males was 0.45+/-0.02 mm. By the present study, G. samoensis is recorded for the first time in southwestern regions of Korea. Additionally, morphological characteristics and identification keys provided in the present study will be helpful in the faunistic and taxonomic studies for strongylid nematodes in both domestic and wild pigs. The infection of G. samoensis apparently did not elicit pathologic lesions, as revealed by macroscopic observation during the autopsy of all wild boars in this study.
Ancylostomatoidea/anatomy & histology/*isolation & purification ; Animals ; Biometry ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract/parasitology ; Helminthiasis/epidemiology/parasitology ; Hookworm Infections/epidemiology/parasitology/*veterinary ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology/parasitology/*veterinary ; Male ; Microscopy ; Prevalence ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Sus scrofa/*parasitology ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/*epidemiology/*parasitology