OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risk factors of nosocomial infection(NI),then establish the evaluation system for risk factors of NI in ICU.METHODS A total of 1897 ICU patients were enrolled in our study.The risk factors of NI were classified and quantified,then investigated the relativity of the risk factors and NI.RESULTS NI correlated with APACHEⅡscore,serum prealbumin level,blood products uese,incision of trachea,mechanical ventilation,central vein cannula and enteral nutrition.CONCLUSIONS The risk factors of NI evaluatied in ICU can to be used to lay the foundation for the model of NI early warning.

The medical student should learn the knowledge and skill for NI control.Nosocomiology subject should be set up in higher medical education as early as possible to meet the needs of medical science development.

Objective To establish a high quality genomic DNA preparation method from formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissues (FFPET) by integrating previous DNA extraction methods. Methods We combined classical genomic DNA extraction methods and commercially available DNA affinity column, replaced the de-waxing by dimethylbenzene with water-bath, designed a fast and improved genomic DNA preparation method. We also extracted genomic DNA from paraffin embedded cervical cancer tissues, and checked the quality of DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis and polymerase chain reaction detection. Results The improved genomic DNA extraction method combined the advantages of the water-bath de-waxing and DNA affinity column, making it possible to get high quality genomic DNA from paraffin embedded cervical cancer tissues, and especially efficient to recover genomic DNA fragments larger than 20 kb. Conclusion The improved DNA extraction method is fast and convenient to recover high quality genomic DNA from paraffin embedded tissues.

OBJECTIVE To focus on the diagnosis,treatment and prevention of central venous catheter(CVC)-related bloodstream infections(CRBSI)in clinical practice.METHODS The related articles within the nearest 10 years were reviewed,which published in the domestiec and foreign academic journals,at the same time,the related monitoring data of the hospital were analyzed.RESULTS Highlights on the diagnosis,treatment and prevention of CRBSI:for the patients with CVC,the possibility of the CRBSI should be considered,as soon as a high fever was found,and it could not be explained with the non-infectious causes.Infection occurring time and pathogen were different between the general catheters and the anti-infective catheters.The effect of the anti-infective catheters was limited.To pull out the catheters was one of the most effective treatment measures.CONCLUSIONS Prevention of CRBSI:the indications of CVC intubation should be undisputed.Silicone catheter should be used.When the catheter is predicted to be indwelling more than 5 days,anti-infective catheters should be chosen.To insert CVC at the subclavian vein instead of the femoral vein.To care the hub and keep the puncture point dry and do disinfection well.The health care workers should be trained.

OBJECTIVE To study the risk factors of hospital acquired urinary system infection in neurology ICU(NICU) and emergency ICU(EICU).METHODS The general character,score of APACHE Ⅱ and the time length of urethral catheterization of the 502 NICU and EICU patients were enrolled in our study.Then the relativity of the risk factors and hospital acquired urinary system infection were investigated.RESULTS Urethral catheterization increased the chances of hospital acquired urinary system infection and there were more chances with the long time.CONCLUSIONS In order to decrease the rate of hospital acquired urinary system infection we must strictly grasp the indication of urethral catheterization and pull out the urethral catheter as early as possible.

OBJECTIVE To study relativity of systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS) score and nosocomial infection(NI) and outcome in ICU patients.METHODS A total of 1897 ICU patients were enrolled in our study.The SIRS within 48 hours after admission was recorded.And the prospective evaluation in NI and prognosis was made.RESULTS The nosocomial infection rate was 10.1%,and the mortality was 9.9%.With SIRS score increasing,NI and mortality rates increased as well and the tendency presented a linear correlation.CONCLUSIONS As a simple system,SIRS score can initially predict the risk of NI and outcome in ICU patients.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of nosocomial infections(NI) of our hospital.METHODS With a method of transversal sectional investigation,choosing one day each year during from 2004 to 2006,we investigated all these days′ hospitalized patients,using the same criteria,collected the questionnaires,sorted out and anayzed the nosocomial infection cases.RESULTS Among 2738 investigated patients,the prevalence rate of nosocomial infection was 6.49%,5.70% and 4.47% respective.CONCLUSIONS The respective prevalence rate of NI are consistent with the month and the year survey results.

Objective To explore the impact of ischemic stroke on intestinal barrier changes in dogs.Methods Totally 20 mongrel dogs were divided into 2 groups by random number table with 10 in each.Double silicone cylinders measuring 1.1 mm in diameter and 8 mm in length were placed into their internal carotid arteries in all dogs of group A.Group B served as a control group and received sham operation.Light microscopy was performed for morphological measurement of intestinal epithelial cell.Immunohistochemistry was used to analysis the changes of protein zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)localizing at tight junction of intestinal epithelial cells.Results Ischemic stroke was confirmed by cranial CT scanning in all dogs of group A.Compared with the test results in group B,the occludin and Zo-1 protein levels in group A were significantly lower than those in group B(occludin:0.20 ±0.01 vs 0.22 ±0.01,P =0.007; ZO-1:0.20 ±0.01 vs 0.22 ±0.02,P =0.008).The apoptotic index in group A was significantly higher than in group B(29.04 ± 3.79 vs 6.44 ± 1.24,P =0.002).There was a positive correlation between occludin and ZO-1(R =0.71,P =0.02),and the apoptotic index was negatively correlated with levels of occludin,ZO-1(R =-0.91,P =0.00; R =-0.77,P =0.01).Light microscopy showed that the dogs in group A had intestinal mucousal injuries while no obvious change was detected in group B.Conclusions Dogs with ischemic stroke tend to develop intestinal barrier dysfunction,during which the destruction of tight junction plays a key role.The up-regulated apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cell constitutes one of the cellular bases of intestine injury.

OBJECTIVE To survey the effect of the intervention measures according to the guiding principle of antibiotics rational use. METHODS The data of medication of two groups of patients in Mar 2004 and Mar 2005 were collected respectively,and the condition of antibiotics use was compared. RESULTS In comparison with that in Mar 2004 the average in-hospital days and antibiotics costs in Mar 2005 were reduced remarkably;the percentage of antibiotics use was much lower;the ratio of the rational use of antibiotics increased notably(P