Objective To evaluate the effects of low blood sugar production index (LGI) combined with low blood sugar production burden (LGL) dietary intervention on blood glucose, oxidative stress and anthropometric indicators in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 150 cases of type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into two groups,maintain the original treatment plan of two groups,75 patients in the control group were given traditional food interchange method for dietary intervention;the experimental group of 75 patients, provide food education based on LGI+LGI food exchange method , the time period of 3 months. Fasting blood glucose (FPG)、2h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), Glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist circumference (WC) Upper arm muscle circumference (AMC), Triceps skin fold thickness (TSF) were observed before and after the intervention. Results There were no significant differences in blood glucose, oxidative stress and anthropometry between the two groups (P>0.05). After intervention, in the control group: FPG, 2hPG, HbAlc, SOD, MDA, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, BMI, WC, AMC, TSF were (10.27 ± 2.67) mmol/L, (11.51 ± 2.54) mmol/L, (8.78 ± 1.95)%, (322.73 ± 51.97) kU/L, (5.80 ± 1.76)μmol/L, (40.78±4.86)μmol/L, (19.33±4.79)μmol/L, (23.94±3.18) kg/m2, (89.57±10.23) cm, (24.10± 3.01) cm, (18.38 ± 3.79)mm respectively. In the experimental group: they were (8.76 ± 2.77) mmol/L, (10.63 ± 1.76) mmol/L, (7.96 ± 1.86)%, (357.29 ± 60.04) kU/L, (5.26 ± 1.33)μmol/L, (44.01 ± 7.06)μmol/L, (21.58 ± 5.25) μmol/L, (22.93 ± 2.75) kg/m2, (86.05 ± 10.79) cm, (22.75 ± 2.86) cm, (16.98 ± 4.48) mm respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups after intervention (t=2.049-3.769, all P < 0.05). In the experimental group, the improvement of blood sugar, oxidative stress and anthropometry was better than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions LGI combined with LGL diet intervention is better than the traditional method of food interchange, the blood glucose, oxidative stress and anthropometric indicators have improved, which can improve treatment efficacy in type 2 diabetes and easy for home self-management.

ObjectiveTo establish a novel assay for HIV-1 p24 ultrasensitive detection based on Gold Nanoparticle Probe (GNP) and PCR.MethodsSandwich ELISA method was established by a pair of anti-p24 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs),1G12 and 1D4,and was used to detect recombinant HIV-1 p24 antigen.The bio-barcode DNA was 47 bp,selected from genome of Arabidopsis,and formed double-stranded DNA by hybridization with the capture DNA (complementary with bio-barcode DNA) modified with sulfhydryl.Then double-stranded DNA were conjugated on the surface of 1D4-modified gold nanoparticles by sulfhydryl,and the Gold Nanoparticle Probe was produced.1G12 was precoated in the micropaltes,and in the presence of target recombinant HIV-1 p24 protein,a sandwich immuno-complex would form by adding GNP.Then the bio-barcode DNA in the immuno-complex were released by heating as detection signal,and consequently characterized by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with synthesized special primers and analyzed by 4％ agar gel electrophoresis,so HIV-1 p24 antigen could be evaluated.The sensitivity comparison between the new assay and ELISA can be done.ResultsSandwich ELISA was used to quantify HIV-1 p24 antigen by monoclonal antibodies 1G12 and 1D4,and the limit of detection (LOD) was 1000 pg/ml.The new GNP assay was established by the same pair of antibodies,combined with PCR and agar gel electrophoresis,and was used to indirectly detect HIV-1 p24 antigen.The band intensity of PCR products paralleled with the quantity of HIV-1 p24 antigen,and the limit of detection (LOD) could reach down to 1 pg/ml.ConclusionThe new assay based on GNP and PCR was efficient in the detection of HIV-1 p24,which is at least 3 orders of magnitude more sensitive than traditional ELISA.

Objective To explore the effects of CICARE communication model combined with WeChat health education on self-management capacity, focal absorption and indexes of glucose metabolism among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Methods A total of 80 patients with T2DM combined with PTB at Chest Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region were selected by convenience sampling from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2016. They were divided into control group (n=40) and observation group(n=40) with the method of the random number table. Patients in control group received conventional nursing and health education during hospitalization and at discharge. On the basis of control group, patients in observation group received nursing with the CICARE communication model along with health education by WeChat after discharge. The self-management capacity, focal absorption and effective rate, index of glucose metabolism of patients of both groups were compared six months after intervention.Results Before intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in self-management capacity and index of glucose metabolism (P> 0.05). Six months after intervention, the score of self-management capacity and effective rate of treatment in observation group was higher than those in control group. Besides, the fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin in observation group were lower than those in control group with significant differences (P< 0.05). Conclusions The CICARE communication model combined with the communication and propagation function of WeChat can improve the self-management and clinical symptoms. Moreover, it has a synergistic action in improving treatment effects.

Objective:To summarize the electrophysiological characteristics of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) and explore the value of electrophysiological examination in NIID auxiliary diagnosis.Methods:Twenty NIID patients diagnosed by pathological biopsy and genetic confirmation (15 were symptomatic, 5 were asymptomatic), admitted to Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from February 2020 to June 2022 were chosen. Peripheral motor/sensory nerve conduction, needle electromyography, F wave, repetitive electrical stimulation, skin sympathetic reflex (SSR), and tremor were analyzed. Peripheral nerve conduction and SSR parameters were compared between 15 patients with symptomatic NIID (symptomatic NIID group) and 11 age- and gender-matched normal control subjects (control group).Results:(1) All 15 patients with symptomatic NIID were with abnormal electrophysiological findings: 14 patients had abnormal peripheral nerve conduction, including 14 with slowed motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV), 4 with reduced composite muscle action potential (cMAP) wave amplitude, 12 with slowed sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV), and 3 with reduced sensory nerve action potential (sNAP) wave amplitude, and overall slowed nerve conduction velocity and relatively preserved wave amplitude were noted; 4 patients had neurogenic lesions by needle electromyography; 13 patients had prolonged F-wave latency at varied degrees; 12 showed abnormal SSR; 4 exhibited synchronous tremor from 4.0 to 7.5 Hz. (2) In 5 patients with asymptomatic NIID, 3 had abnormal peripheral nerve conduction, including 3 with slowed MCV, 2 with slowed SCV, and 1 with reduced sNAP wave amplitude; 3 showed abnormal SSR. (3) Significant differences in MCV and SCV, some cMAP and sNAP amplitudes, and SSR latency and amplitude were noted in nerves of the upper and lower extremities between the symptomatic NIID group and control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Peripheral nerve damages are common in patients with NIID, especially myelin damage and autonomic nerve injury, and some patients may have electrophysiological abnormalities before clinical symptoms; therefore, peripheral nerve conduction and SSR can be recommended as auxiliary screening tools for NIID.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of the use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for portal hypertension, which should aid the development of TIPS in China.Methods:The China Portal Hypertension Alliance (CHESS) initiated this study that comprehensively investigated the basic situation of TIPS for portal hypertension in China through network research. The survey included the following: the number of surgical cases, main indications, the development of Early-TIPS, TIPS for portal vein cavernous transformation, collateral circulation embolization, intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurement, commonly used stent types, conventional anticoagulation and time, postoperative follow-up, obstacles, and the application of domestic instruments.Results:According to the survey, a total of 13 527 TIPS operations were carried out in 545 hospitals participating in the survey in 2021, and 94.1% of the hospital had the habit of routine follow-up after TIPS. Most hospitals believed that the main indications of TIPS were the control of acute bleeding (42.6%) and the prevention of rebleeding (40.7%). 48.1% of the teams carried out early or priority TIPS, 53.0% of the teams carried out TIPS for the cavernous transformation of the portal vein, and 81.0% chose routine embolization of collateral circulation during operation. Most of them used coils and biological glue as embolic materials, and 78.5% of the team routinely performed intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurements. In selecting TIPS stents, 57.1% of the hospitals woulel choose Viator-specific stents, 57.2% woulel choose conventional anticoagulation after TIPS, and the duration of anticoagulation was between 3-6 months (55.4%). The limitation of TIPS surgery was mainly due to cost (72.3%) and insufficient understanding of doctors in related departments (77.4%). Most teams accepted the domestic instruments used in TIPS (92.7%).Conclusions:This survey shows that TIPS treatment is an essential part of treating portal hypertension in China. The total number of TIPS cases is far from that of patients with portal hypertension. In the future, it is still necessary to popularize TIPS technology and further standardize surgical indications, routine operations, and instrument application.

ObjectiveTo establish the quality standard for Fraxini Cortex（Fraxinus chinensis） dispensing granules based on standard decoction， and to provide a basis for the quality control of this dispensing granules. MethodHigh performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） specific chromatograms of 15 batches of Fraxini Cortex（F. chinensis） standard decoctions and 3 batches of Fraxini Cortex（F. chinensis） dispensing granules were established with the mobile phase of 0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution（A）-acetonitrile（B） for gradient elution（0-10 min， 12%-15%B； 10-30 min， 15%-32%B） and the detection wavelength of 220 nm. And similarity evaluation， cluster analysis and principal component analysis（PCA） were also carried out. HPLC quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker（QAMS） was established to determine the contents of the main components in the standard decoctions and dispensing granules. The contents of the corresponding components in Fraxini Cortex（F. chinensis） decoction pieces were also detected， and the transfer rates from decoction pieces to standard decoctions and dispensing granules were calculated. ResultThe similarities between specific chromatograms of 15 batches of Fraxini Cortex（F. chinensis） standard decoctions and 3 batches of Fraxini Cortex（F. chinensis） dispensing granules were all>0.9， and 7 common peaks were identified. The results of cluster analysis and PCA showed that there was some differences in the composition of different batches of standard decoctions， but did not show aggregation of origin. As the standard decoctions， the extract rate was 6.18%-11.62%， the contents of esculin， syringin， fraxin， esculetin， fraxetin， calceolarioside B were 44.92-103.51， 1.36-11.87， 33.26-90.73， 4.63-29.75， 2.40-16.86， 2.49-17.35 mg·g^-1， and the transfer rates from decoction pieces to standard decoction were 25.21%-42.54%， 52.57%-88.84%， 43.43%-79.45%， 49.15%-88.27%， 49.22%-72.69%， 27.66%-47.67%， respectively. The extract rates of Fraxini Cortex（F. chinensis） dispensing granules were 10.4%-10.7%， the transfer rates of the above six components from decoction pieces to dispensing granules were 42.76%-43.17%， 80.01%-80.90%， 59.59%-59.88%， 51.35%-52.67%， 60.50%-60.93%， 37.98%-38.37%， respectively， which were generally consistent with the transfer rates from decoction pieces to standard decoctions. ConclusionThe established quality control standard of Fraxini Cortex（F. chinensis） dispensing granules based on standard decoctions is reasonable and reliable， which can provide reference for the quality control and process research of this dispensing granules.

ObjectiveTo establish the quality standards for Sennae Folium（Cassia angustifolia） dispensing granules based on standard decoctions. MethodsHigh performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） specific chromatograms were established for 15 batches of Sennae Folium（C. angustifolia） standard decoctions and 10 of Sennae Folium（C. angustifolia） dispensing granules from different manufacturers， and the similarity evaluation， hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA） and principal component analysis（PCA） were performed. Linear calibration with two reference substances（LCTRS） and quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker（QAMS） were established for the common peaks in the specific chromatograms to determine the contents of main components in the decoction pieces， standard decoctions and dispensing granules， and to calculate their transfer rates from decoction pieces to standard decoctions and dispensing granules. ResultsThe similarities of specific chromatograms of 15 batches of Sennae Folium（C. angustifolia） standard decoctions and 10 batches of Sennae Folium（C. angustifolia） dispensing granules were all greater than 0.95， and a total of 8 characteristic peaks were calibrated， and five of them were identified， including kaempferol-3，7-O-diglucoside， apigenin-6，8-di-C-glucoside， quercetin-3-O-gentianoside， sennoside B and sennoside A. HCA and PCA results showed that there were certain differences in the composition of different batches of standard decoctions， but no clustering was observed in the production area. As the standard decoctions， the extract rate of 15 batches of samples was 26.54%-45.38%， the contents of kaempferol-3，7-O-diglucoside， apigenin-6，8-di-C-glucoside， quercetin-3-O-gentianoside， sennoside B and sennoside A were 12.16-19.26， 2.57-4.94， 3.27-5.11， 6.75-11.39， 4.69-7.79 mg·g^-1， and their transfer rates from decoction pieces to standard decoctions were 45.41%-79.02%， 29.12%-55.07%， 40.52%-67.90%， 24.72%-49.12%， 27.54%-49.34%， respectively. The extract rates of Sennae Folium（C. angustifolia） dispensing granules（C8-C10） were 38.10%-39.50%， the transfer rates of the above five components from decoction pieces to dispensing granules were 72.85%-73.58%， 53.43%-53.94%， 40.19%-40.74%， 24.62%-25.00%， 28.65%-29.11%， respectively， which were generally consistent with the transfer rates from decoction pieces to standard decoctions. ConclusionCompared with the relative retention time method， LCTRS has higher prediction accuracy and is more suitable for chromatographic columns. The established quality control standard of Sennae Folium（C. angustifolia） dispensing granules based on standard decoction is reasonable and reliable， and all indicators of samples from different manufacturers are within the range specified based on the standard decoction， which can provide reference for the quality control and process research of this dispensing granules.

ObjectiveTo establish the specific chromatogram and quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker（QAMS） based on linear calibration using two reference substances（LCTRS）， explore the consistency between Hedyotis Herba dispensing granules and standard decoction， and evaluate the quality of the dispensing granules. MethodsHigh performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） specific chromatogram was established based on 15 batches of Hedyotis Herba standard decoction and 10 batches of the dispensing granules， and LCTRS was used to locate chromatographic peaks. The actual retention times of 7 characteristic peaks in the specific chromatogram was measured on 24 different types of C₁₈ columns， taking deacetyl asperulosidic acid and asperulosidic acid as the dual standard compounds， the retention times of the other 5 characteristic peaks were predicted and validated. Based on this， QAMS was developed to determine the contents of four components（deacetyl asperulosidic acid， deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester， asperulosidic acid， and p-coumaric acid）. Then， the relative correction factors of deacetyl asperulosidic acid， deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester and p-coumaric acid were calculated using the reference peak of asperulosidic acid in the dual standard compounds， and each component was quantified accordingly. Finally， the consistency between the dispensing granules and standard decoction was assessed by taking extract rate of the standard decoction， consistency of the specific chromatograms， contents and transfer rates of the indicator components as indexes， and the quality of the dispensing granules was evaluated. ResultsThere were 7 common peaks in the characteristic chromatogram of samples of Hedyotis Herba standard decoction and the dispensing granules， and four of them were identified by reference standards， namely deacetyl asperulosidic acid（peak 1）， deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester（peak 3）， asperulosidic acid（peak 6） and p-coumaric acid（peak 7）. The similarity between the dispensing granules and the standard decoction was >0.9. The absolute deviation in the predicted retention time for each component by LCTRS was lower than that of the relative retention time method. The extract rate of the 15 batches of Hedyotis Herba standard decoction ranged from 7.89% to 14.60%， the contents of deacetyl asperulosidic acid， deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester， asperulosidic acid and p-coumaric acid were 6.62-19.70， 3.83-17.99， 1.57-6.69， 1.62-4.52 mg·g^-1， and the transfer rates of these components from decoction pieces to the standard decoction were 22.89%-39.60%， 34.03%-62.24%， 24.25%-43.70%， and 40.58%-73.71%， respectively. The extract rate， index component contents and transfer rates from decoction pieces to the three batches of Hedyotis Herba dispensing granules（P1-P3）， produced by manufacturer A， were similar to those of the standard decoction prepared from the same batch of decoction pieces， and all fell within the specified range. The contents of the 4 indicator components in 7 batches of the dispensing granules（P4-P10） from manufacturers B-E were all within the range of the content converted from the standard decoction based on the quantity of the dispensing granules. ConclusionThe established specific chromatogram and QAMS based on LCTRS are reasonable and reliable. Based on the evaluation indicators of standard decoction yield， consistency of specific chromatograms， contents and transfer rates of the four index components， the 10 batches of Hedyotis Herba dispensing granules from various manufacturers have exhibited good consistency with the standard decoction， indicating that the current production process is relatively reasonable.

ObjectiveTo establish the specific chromatogram of Chuanxiong Rhizoma dispensing granules（CRdg）， and to evaluate its quality by chemometrics and two reference substances for determination of multiple components（TRSDMC）. MethodsHigh performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） specific chromatograms were established using 13 batches of CRdg from 7 manufacturers， and preliminary quality evaluation was performed by similarity evaluation and chemometrics analysis. Eight characteristic peaks in the specific chromatogram of CRdg were measured on 22 different types of C₁₈ columns， and the actual retention times were recorded. Taking chlorogenic acid（peak 1） and senkyunolide A（peak 8） as double standard compounds， the retention times of the eight characteristic peaks were predicted by linear calibration using two reference substances（LCTRS）， and the method was validated on three other columns of different brands. Taking chlorogenic acid as reference peak， the relative correction factor method（RCFM） was used to quantify cryptochlorogenic acid， caffeic acid， ferulic acid， senkyunolide I and senkyunolide A， and the results were compared with the external standard method（ESM）. ResultsThe similarities of specific chromatograms of 13 batches of CRdg were all >0.90， and a total of 8 characteristic peaks were calibrated， and six of them were identified， including chlorogenic acid（peak 1）， cryptochlorogenic acid（peak 2）， caffeic acid（peak 3）， ferulic acid（peak 5）， senkyunolide I（peak 6） and senkyunolide A（peak 8）. Through chemometric analysis， it was found that ferulic acid， chlorogenic acid， senkyunolide I and cryptochlorogenic acid were the main components causing quality difference in CRdg， and the accuracy of LCTRS in predicting the retention time of 8 characteristic peaks was superior to that of the relative retention time method（RRT）. Further comparison of the results obtained from RCFM and ESM showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two methods. ConclusionA quality evaluation method for CRdg based on HPLC specific chromatogram and TRSDMC is established， its qualitative accuracy is better than that of RRT， the quantitative accuracy is similar to that of ESM， and 4 quality-differentiated components among different manufacturers are found. This method is stable and reliable， and has reference value for the quality evaluation of other dispensing granules.

ObjectiveTo establish the specific chromatogram of Chuanxiong Rhizoma dispensing granules（CRdg）， and to evaluate its quality by chemometrics and two reference substances for determination of multiple components（TRSDMC）. MethodsHigh performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） specific chromatograms were established using 13 batches of CRdg from 7 manufacturers， and preliminary quality evaluation was performed by similarity evaluation and chemometrics analysis. Eight characteristic peaks in the specific chromatogram of CRdg were measured on 22 different types of C₁₈ columns， and the actual retention times were recorded. Taking chlorogenic acid（peak 1） and senkyunolide A（peak 8） as double standard compounds， the retention times of the eight characteristic peaks were predicted by linear calibration using two reference substances（LCTRS）， and the method was validated on three other columns of different brands. Taking chlorogenic acid as reference peak， the relative correction factor method（RCFM） was used to quantify cryptochlorogenic acid， caffeic acid， ferulic acid， senkyunolide I and senkyunolide A， and the results were compared with the external standard method（ESM）. ResultsThe similarities of specific chromatograms of 13 batches of CRdg were all >0.90， and a total of 8 characteristic peaks were calibrated， and six of them were identified， including chlorogenic acid（peak 1）， cryptochlorogenic acid（peak 2）， caffeic acid（peak 3）， ferulic acid（peak 5）， senkyunolide I（peak 6） and senkyunolide A（peak 8）. Through chemometric analysis， it was found that ferulic acid， chlorogenic acid， senkyunolide I and cryptochlorogenic acid were the main components causing quality difference in CRdg， and the accuracy of LCTRS in predicting the retention time of 8 characteristic peaks was superior to that of the relative retention time method（RRT）. Further comparison of the results obtained from RCFM and ESM showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two methods. ConclusionA quality evaluation method for CRdg based on HPLC specific chromatogram and TRSDMC is established， its qualitative accuracy is better than that of RRT， the quantitative accuracy is similar to that of ESM， and 4 quality-differentiated components among different manufacturers are found. This method is stable and reliable， and has reference value for the quality evaluation of other dispensing granules.