ObjectiveTo study the expression of growth factor receptor binding protein 2(GRB2) in bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC),and clarify the role of GRB2 in the development and progression of BTCC.MethodsThe GRB2 expression of BTCC tissue from 60 patients who first got BTCC (BTCC group) and adjacent normal bladder from 30 patients(control group) were detected by SP immunohistochemical method.ResultsThe GRB2 positive expression rate of BTCC group [81.7％(49/60)] was significantly higher than that of control group [30.0％(9/30)] ( X2 =12.122,P ＜0.05).According to tumor histological grade,the GRB2 positive expression rate was grade Ⅰ[66.7％( 16/24)] ＜gradeⅡ [89.3％(17/19)] ＜grade Ⅲ [94.1％(16/17)],grade Ⅰ and grade Ⅱ,Ⅲ had significant difference (P ＜0.05),but grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ had no significant difference(P ＞0.05).The GRB2 positive expression rate in the clinical stage was stage T1 [63.0％ (17/27)]＜ stage T2 [95.7％ (22/23)] ＜ stage T3[ 100.0％(10/10) ],stage T1 and stage T2,T3 had significant difference (P ＜ 0.05 ),but stage T2 and stage T3 had no significant difference (P ＞0.05).The GRB2 expression among different gender and age had no significant difference (P ＞0.05).ConclusionsGRB2 has high expression in BTCC tissues.GRB2 expression is related to tumor histological grade andclinical stage.GRB2 plays an important role in the process of BTCC cell proliferation and differentiation.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical difference of ondansetron,metoclopramide and haloperidol in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after neurosurgery.MethodsNinety patients with neurosurgery were divided by random digits table method into four groups:control group ( 18 cases ) treated with 10 ml 0.9％ sodium chloride ;ondansetron group(24cases ) received ondansetron 4 mg;metoclopramide group (24 cases) with metoclopramide 10 mg and haioperidol group (24 cases) with haloperidol 2.5 mg.The efficacy and adverse reaction were compared among four groups.Results Compared with control group,ondansetron,metoclopramide and haloperidol could obviously inhibit the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting after neurosurgery,the difference had statistical significance (P＜ 0.05).Total effective rate of ondansetron group [79.2％( 19/24)] was significantly higher than that of metoclopramide group [ 58.3％ ( 14/24 ) ] and haloperidol group [ 54.2％ ( 13/24 ) ] (P ＜ 0.05 ).And total effective rate of metoclopramide group and haloperidol group had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05 ).The occurrence rate of adverse reaction of metoclopramide group [ 16.7％(4/24)] had no statistical significance compared with that of ondansetron group[8.3％(2/24)] and haloperidol group[ 12.5％(3/24)] (P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionsOndansetron,metoclopramide and haloperidol can obviously inhibit the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting after neurosurgery,and the effect of ondansetron is significantly better than that of metoclopramide and haloperidol.Therefore,it is necessary to use drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting for patients during neurosurgery.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of hesperidin and rutin on oxidative modification of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in vitro. METHODS: HDL was isolated from healthy human plasma by sequential ultracentrifugation, and was oxidized by copper ions. The inhibitory effects of hesperidin and rutin on HDL oxidative modification were valued by the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA). RESULTS: Hesperidin and rutin significantly inhibited copper-induced oxidation of HDL in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: Both hesperidin and rutin can prevent HDL from copper-induced oxidative modification in vitro. This result suggests that they might have antiatherogenic effect.

This article was aimed to study the effects of plumbagin to human hepatic stellate cells.Observations were made on the influence of proliferation inhibition rate,apoptosis,secretion of extracellular matrix function and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) by plumbagin.HSC-LX2 and drug were co-incubated for 48 hours.Then,MTT assay was used in the detection of inhibition of cell proliferation.The flow cytometry was used in the detection of apoptosis.Immunohistochemical method was used to observe typeⅠ and Ⅲ collagen,MMP-1 and MMP-13 expression location and area.The results showed that the low,medium and high concentrations of plumbagin inhibited cell proliferation rate of HSC-LX2,induced apoptosis of cells,reduced the secretion of typeⅠ and Ⅲ collagen,and increased the secretion ability of MMP-1 and MMP-13.Effects mentioned above were dose-dependent with statistical difference (P < 0.05).Effects in the medium and high concentrations groups were stronger than colchicine group.It was concluded that plumbagin had the ability to inhibit cell proliferation rate of HSC-LX2,induce apoptosis,reduce the secretion of extracellular matrix,and increase the secretion ability of fibrin degradation enzyme.Therefore,it had intervention effect on the process of liver fibrosis.All effects mentioned above were dose-dependent.And effects in the medium and high concentrations groups were stronger than colchicine group.

Objective To analyze the clinical distribution ,antimicbial resistance and Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) genotype characteristics of 346 methicillirrresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates in the hospital . Methods A total of 784 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from January 2014 to January 2015 in the hospital ,MRSA identi-fication and the SCCmec genotype was conducted by PCR assay .Results 346 strains of MRSA (44 .13% ) were isolated from 784 strains of Staphylococcus aureus ,the detection rate of MRSA from sputum accounted for 43 .06% ,the secretion accounted for 48 .55% .MRSA was resistant to penicillin ,levofloxacin and erythromycin ,sensitive to vancomycin ,linezolid and teicoplanin .SCC-mec genotyping result showed that SCCmecⅡ was identified in 130 ,SCCmecⅢ in 196 ,SCCmecⅣ in 11 ,SCCmecⅤ in 9 .Conclusion SCCmecⅢ is the main genotypes of MRSA from our Hospital ,all of the MRSA strains are multi-resistant to tested antibiotics , but sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin .

Objective To explore the effect of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) on nervous function in rats with focal cerebral ischemia.Methods The MSCs were cultivated,purified,and proliferated in vitro by density gradient and adherence to plastic dishes method.The models of Wistar rats were prepared after middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) of right lasted 90 min and reperfusion 1 h.Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group(A,n=10),sham operation group(B,n=10),no-handle group after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (C,n=10),free-serm DMEM transplantation group after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(D,n=10),MSCs transplantation group after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(E,n=10).After identified by flow cytometry,5 ?L 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine(BrdU) labeled MSCs(4?105? ?L-1) and 5 ?L serum-free DMEM were respectively injected intracerebraly into ischemic boundary zone of right in D and E groups.Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression and survival of BrdU-labeled MSCs in vivo.Nervous function behavioral tests were performed on 1st,3th,7th and 28th day after transplantation by forelimb use asymmetry test and postural reflex test.Results MSCs were successfully purified and proliferated in vitro.The MSCs expressed CD29,CD44,but didn't expressed CD34,CD45,CD31 identified by flow cytometry.transplanted MSCs survived and were localized to the ischemic boundary zone.Behavioral tests of every group were improved with time prolonged.However,MSCs transplantation group was significantly better than any other groups(P

Objective To investigate the efficacy of the indocyanine green (ICG) clearance test (ICGR15) combined with the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) for assessing the short-term prognosis of patients with liver failure.Methods Eighty patients with liver failure were analyzed retrospectively.ICGR15 and relevant clinical data within 24 hours of diagnosis were analyzed.Meanwhile,the MELD score and King's College Hospital (KCH) were evaluated.All findings were tested for correlation with 3-month mortality.Quantitative data were analyzed with analysis of variance and Student's t-test.Count data were analyzed with chi-square test.Correlation analysis was performed with Pearson's coefficient test.Results Among 80 patients with liver failure,39 patients survived and 41 died.The mortality rate of all patients was 51.2％.The serum total bilirubin,creainine concentrations,ICGR15,MELD scores and patient number in accordance with KCH criteria of surviving patients were (288.0±109.1) μmol/L,(63.3±24.4) μmol/L,(48.1±10.2)％,20.6±4.4,and 6 cases,respectively,which were lower than those in dead patients [(340.7 ± 108.2) μmol/L,(98.8 ± 59.1) μmol/L,(60.2 ± 10.6) ％,26.9 ± 7.1 and 19 cases,respectively] (P =0.033,P＝ 0.001,P＝ 0.000,P＝ 0.000 and P =0.003,respectively).There was no significant difference of ICGR15 among four types of liver failure.A positive correlation was observed between ICGR15 and MELD score (r=0.289,P=0.009).The ICGR15-MELD model was created by subjecting ICGR15 and MELD scores to Logistic regression analysis.The following ICGR15-MELD model,Logit (P) =0.105 × ICGR15 + 0.178 × MELD score-9.734,was constructed by Logistic regression analysis.The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.860 and the cut offpoint of 0.3 had sensitivity of 85.40％ and specificity of 74.40％.The area under the curve of the ICGR15-MELD model was significantly higher than those of ICGR15 (0.791),MELD score (0.770) and KCH criteria (0.655).Conclusions ICGR15 and MELD scores perform better than the KCH criteria in predicting the prognosis of liver failure.The ICGR15-MELD model is superior to ICGR15,MELD score,and KCH in predicting the short term prognosis of patients with liver failure.

Aim To evaluate the antitumor activity of dianhydrogalactitol ( DAG) in vitro, and further clarify its underlying mechanisms. Methods The inhibitory effect of DAG in NCI-H460 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay. The morphology of cells treated with DAG was observed under optical mi-croscope. Nuclear morphology was captured by fluores-cence microscopy after Hoechst 33342 staining. Real-time PCR was used to analyze the expression level of topoisomerase Ⅱ ( Topo Ⅱ) mRNA. The protein ex-pression level of Topo Ⅱ was detected by Western blot. Additionally, molecular docking approaches were used to predict the interaction between DAG and TopoⅡ. Results DAG exhibited potent antitumor activity in NCI-H460 cells, and inhibited cell proliferation per-sistently. DAG obviously induced nuclear morphologi-cal changes of NCI-H460 cells. Furthermore, DAG could down-regulate the mRNA and protein expression level of Topo Ⅱ detected by Real-time PCR analysis and Western blot, respectively. Molecular docking predicted that DAG could bind to Topo Ⅱ. Conclu-sion DAG can significantly inhibit the proliferation of NCI-H460 cells, and its underlying mechanisms may involve the down-regulation of Topo Ⅱ mRNA and di-rect binding to Topo Ⅱ, leading to cancer cell death.

Objective To study the influence factors for HBV reinfection following liver transplantation.Methods 92 cases of liver transplantation were enrolled for open non-randomized clinical study.Given conventional OLTx and immunosuppressive agents and antibiotics to prevent infection etc,patients are divided into lamivudine alone and HBIG combined with lamivudine group.Observation of postoperative liver function,HBV serum markers,HBV DNA in PBMC,YMDD and HBV S gene mutation,liver tissue IH etc.Results In 92 cases of liver transplantation with HBV-related liver disease,hepatitis B recurrence rate was 4.35%(4/92).In lamivudine group the HBV infection rate was 35%(7/20);In combined therapy group the HBV infection rate was 6.94%(5/72).With preoperatively negative HBV DNA negative the hepatitis B recurrence rate was 0;With preoperatively positive HBV DNA,the postoperative HBV infection rate was 17.39%(12/69),which had cases with S gene or YMDD mutation.In patients with negative HBV DNA before and after operation,the HBV re-infection rate was 11.11%(1/9);In 5 cases with preoperative HBV DNA positive,the HBV infection rate was 4/5 after LTx;before and after operation HBV DNA are positive,the HBV infection rate was 100%(3/3);the preoperative HBV DNA positive and postoperative HBV DNA negative,the HBV infection rate was 50%(1/2).Conclusion To prevent HBV infection after LTx,lamivudine group easily leads to HBV re-infection than HBIG combined with lamivudine group.Preoperative serum HBV DNA positive,preoperative and postoperative HBV YMDD and S gene mutation are the primary factors affecting the HBV re-infection after operation.HBV DNA positive in PBMC is the source of HBV re-infection,but also the factor of recurrence of hepatitis B.

OBJECTIVE To study the mutation profiles of hepatitis B virus(HBV) in the core regions.METHODS Based on the sequence alignment of all HBV genotypes,specific primers targeting all HBV genotypes were designed to amplify the core region of HBV followed by sequence analysis on the sequencing data available.RESULTS Among the 34 cases,23 cases showed mutations in the core region.According to the mutation profiles,the most common mutations were the A1762T(50.0%) and G1764A(52.9%) in the basic core promoter(BCP) regions,and it always showed as double mutations.The L60V in core gene regions was the secondary common mutations(17.6%).Among all patients,there were 18,6 and 10 cases showed mutations in BCP,pre-core,and core gene regions,respectively.The most common mutations in BCP,pre-core,and core gene regions were the double mutations at A1762T and G1764A(94.7%),G1896A(83.3%),and L60V(50.0%),respectively.CONCLUSIONS The most common mutations in the core region of HBV are the double mutations at A1762T and G1764A.Analysis on the mutation profiles of HBV core regions might be helpful for the prognosis and prediction of HBV infections.