Objective To compare balance assessment with static balance measuring equipment and clinical balance measuring scales. Methods Seventy hemiplegic stroke patients ( the patient group) and 36 healthy volunteers (the controls) were recruited. Each subject's equilibrium was measured using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) ,the Fugl-Meyer Balance Scale (FM-B) and tetra-ataxiametry, all by the same therapist. Results The BBS and FM-B results both showed significant differences between the patient group and the control group. The data obtained through tetra-ataxiametric assessment showed that the average weight distribution index ( WDI ) and stability index (SI) were significantly lower in the patient group than among the controls. There was a strong correlation between the tetra-ataxiametric assessment results and the clinical balance test outcomes. The WDI and SI from tetra-ataxiametry were strongly correlated with Berg total static scores. Conclusions Tetra-ataxiametry and the BBS and FM-B tests can all effectively reflect the equilibrium of stroke patients. Tetra-ataxiametry can measure balance ability quantitatively, while the clinical balance tests ( BBS, FM-B) are easier to conduct.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of electromyography biofeedback (EMGBF) on motor and psychological function in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods Seventy SCI patients were randomly divided into research and control groups with 35 patients in each.In addition to conventional rehabilitation,the patients in the research group received EMGBF training while those in the control group were treated with medium frequency electrotherapy.To evaluate the patients' self confidence and motor function of their paralyzed limbs,Rosenberg's self-esteem scale (RSES) and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) locomotor function scoring were performed before and six weeks after the interventions in both groups of patients.The changes of EMG of the quadriceps,hamstring and anterior tibial muscles of both groups in maximum contraction were also observed before and six weeks after the interventions.Results There were no significant differences in the RSES scores or ASIA locomotor function results between the groups before the interventions.ASIA locomotor function evaluation scores increased significantly in both groups after the interventions,with significantly better results in the research group.The RSES scores in the research group also improved significantly after the interventions,and RSES scoring and ASIA scoring were positively correlated in those patients.But no significant improvement in average RSES scores was found in the control group.The muscle contraction EMG amplitudes also increased significantly in patients of the research group after the interventions.Conclusions EMGBF training can enhance patients' self-confidence,which helps patients with SCI improve their motor functions.

Objective To explore a venipuncture method that can reduce the pain, improve the suc-cess rate of puncture as well as reduce vascular injury. Methods Self-controlled method was applied in 200 patients, needle tips with 20～25°,31～40°,41～50°, 51～60°, > 60° angles on the top of the blood ves-sels,the inclined plane of the needle parallel to the longitudinal axis of the blood vessel (that was,the in-clined plane to the left or right) or traditional method with upward of needle tips were adopted, the observa-tion group and the control group were divided according to different methods, pain and success rate of puncture were compared. Results There were differences between the two groups,results of the observa-tion group were better than those of the control group (except when > 60°, success rate showed no differ-ence). Conclusions Venipuncture with needle tip parallel to the longitudinal axis of the blood vessels can significantly reduce pain in patients, improve the success rate of puncture and reduce the vascular in-jury, which were superior to the traditional venipuncture method. Whatever method is chosen, 51～60° is the best angie into the vessel.

Objective To investigate the effect and the mechanism of Sorcin (soluble resistancerelated calcium-binding protein )on development of drug-resistance in human gastric cancer cell line.Methods The full length Sorein cDNA was isolated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The FLAG-sorein-peDNA 3.1 plasmid was constructed by directed cloning of Sorein gene into the eukaryotie expression vector FLAG-peDNA 3.1,and was transfeeted into SGC7901 cells using liposome-mediated method.The expressions of Sorcin mRNA and protein in stable clone were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The intracellular concentration of Vineristine (VCR) in Sorein-transfected SGC7901 eells(SGC7901-F-Sor) and SGC7901 cells with or without Verapamil(VRP) was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results The FLAG-Sorcin-peDNA3.1 plasmid vector was constructed successfully by DNA recombination and was transfected into SGC7901 cells.RT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that the expressions of Sorcin mRNA and the protein were up-regulated in SGC7901 F-Sor cells.Compared to the parent SGC7901 cells,the concentration of VCR in SGC7901-FSor cells was decreased by 76.89%,but it was increased by 2.41 times when treated with VRP.Conclusions Overexpression of Sorcin in SGC7901 cells results in decreasing concentration of VCR,which indicate that Sorcin may play a role in drug-resistance of SGC7901 cells by regulating the transference of chemotherapy drugs.The effect of Sorcin can be reversed by VRP.

Objective To observe the effectiveness of routine nursing plus foot exercise on the peripheral neuropathy and plantar pressure in patients with diabetic foot.Methods Toally 100 patients with diabetic foot were randomly divided into 2 groups.On the basis of routine nursing care,50 patients in the observation group were given foot exercises for 12 weeks,50 patients in the control group were given routine nursing only.Before and after intervention,the Toronto clinical scoring system (TCSS),left and right foot peak pressure variation were observed.Results Before intervention,there was no statistical difference between the two groups' TCSS sore and the peak pressure of left and right foot (P ＞0.05).After intervention,the observation group's average total score of TCSS was lower,there was significantly different between two groups (P＜ 0.001).The peak pressure of left and right foot is lower in the observation group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Foot exercises is worthy of clinical promotion,because it can improve the peripheral neuropathy of patients with diabetic foot,so as to reduce the plantar pressure,reduce the pain of patients and improve their life quality.

Objective To estimate the clinical value of thinprep cytologic test (TCT) in screening cervical lesion. Methods 4234 TCT samples were interpreted according to the Besthesda System (TBS), 272positive cases (ASC-US or above) were taken colposcopic examination and biopsy. Results The coincidence of the results between TCT and biopsy in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenocarcinoma (AC) were 85.71%(12/14), 100 % (20/20), 75 % (3/4) and 100 % (2/2), respectively. The positive rates of over ASC-H by TCT and of over CIN Ⅰ by biopsy were 23.16 % (63/272) and 24.26 % (66/272), respectively. There is no difference between two positive rates (x2 = 0.868, P = 0.581). Conclusion TCT and histopathological diagnosis had a high coincidence, a combination of both can greatly enhance HSIL and cervical cancer and reduce the incidence of missed diagnosis. TCT would be a rapid and convenient method for screening cervical cancer.

BACKGROUND: miRNA plays a critical regulatory role in the development and plasticity of spinal cord, and pathological changes after spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of miR-136-5p on the A20 expression in mouse astrocytes stimulated by interleukin-17 (IL-17). METHODS: C57BL/6 mouse astrocytes were cultured in vitro, identified by immunofluorescence staining, and then stimulated by 100 μg/L IL-17 for 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours, respectively. The relative mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were detected by RT-PCR to determine the optimal stimulation time of IL-17. The mouse astrocytes were respectively stimulated by 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 μg/L IL-7 for 6 hours, and similarly, the relative mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were detected to determine the optimal concentration of IL-17. At 6 hours after IL-17 (50 μg/L) stimulation, the mRNA expression levels of miR-136-5p and A20 in mouse astrocytes were detected by RT- PCR, and the protein expression level of A20 was detected by western blot assay. In addition, the lentiviral expression vector (miR-136-5p-inhibition) was constructed and transfected into the mouse astrocytes that were also stimulated by IL-7 to detect the expression levels of miR-136-5p, A20 mRNA and A20 protein. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the blank control group, the expression level of miR-136-5p in the miR-136-5p-inhibition group was significantly decreased after 6-hour IL-17 stimulation (P < 0.05). The expression levels of A20 mRNA and protein in each group were significantly decreased after 6-hour IL-17 (50 μg/L) stimulation (P < 0.05). The expression levels of A20 mRNA and protein in the miR-136-5p-inhibition group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group (P < 0.05), while there were no significant differences in the expression level of A20 protein between blank control and negative groups (P > 0.05). To conclude, miR-136-5p makes certain effect on the expression of A20 protein in astrocytes after IL-17 stimulation.

Objective To explore the program of cultivating the nursing master students according to the present situation of China.Methods Delphi method was used in this study.Results In the type of scientific research,the order were the basic knowledge of nursing,clinical knowledge,research ability,ability of adapting society,teaching,management and the community nursing ability.In the type of clinic,the order were the basic knowledge of nursing,clinical knowledge,ability of adapting society,management,research ability,teaching and the community nursing ability.Conclusion According to the present situation of our country,the basic knowledge of nursing and the clinical skills should not be ignored.

Objective To discuss the impact of different markers on the estimation of MSM using the capture-recapture method.Methods From March to July 2013,MSM were captured from the their related network to estimate the site of this population,under the capture-recapture method.Two different markers were set in the process of first ‘capture'.Results The estimated numbers of MSM in Beijing were 239 258 (95％CI:48 932-429 584) and 115 731 (95％CI:78 153-153 309) when using the two markers under capture-recapture method.Conclusion The estimated size of MSM population varied greatly under different markers which called for the right selection on markers when using the capture-recapture method to estimate the size of specific population.

Vegetable oil is one of the most potential alternatives of petroleum and has become a hot issue in recent years. This review focuses on the influence of vegetable oil structure on platform compounds and polymers properties, and further systematically introduces their developments and the latest progress. Meanwhile, we also summarized the main confronting problems and the future development directions in the research of oil-based platform compounds and polymers. The review provides useful information for readers to fully understand biochemical engineering of vegetable oils and their prospects.