Objective To explore the possible mechanism of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in learning and memory ability of Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats. Methods 90 SD rats with no differ-ence in learning and memory were selected and 30 rats were randomly selected as control group. The rest 60 were used for establishment of AD model by injecting A beta 1-42 into bilateral hippocampus of rats ,which was verified by Morris water maze test and immunohistochemistry. The successfully prepared model rats were randomly divided into AD group and (rTMS+AD) group,30 rats in each group. The (rTMS+AD) group was treated with rTMS,and the control group and AD group with pseudo stimulation. After intervention,Water maze test,EEG acquisition and analysis,immunohistochemistry and statistical analysis were done. Results (1)Compared with control group, the escape latency of AD group was longer and the average distance from the platform was farther away. Compared with AD group,the escape latency of (rTMS+AD) group was significantly longer and the average distance from the platform was significantly farther away (P<0.05).(2)Compared with control group,the LZ complexity of EEG signals in AD group was decreased. Compared with the AD group,the LZ complexity of EEG signals in (rTMS+AD) group was significantly increased statistically(P< 0.05).(3)The results of immunohistochemistry showed that there was no plaque in the brain tissues of control rats. The morphology of the cells was clear ,and the cells arranged neatly. Myelin staining was deeper and the distribution was long andconnected. There was plaque in the brain tissues of AD rats. Brain tissue cells became atrophy ,the morphology of the cells was not clear ,and the cells arranged randomly. Myelin staining was lighter and the distribution was short and disconnected. Compared with AD group,the cell atrophy of (rTMS+AD) group was reduced,and Myelin staining became deeper. Conclusions rTMS can increase the distribution of myelin in brain tissue ,raise the LZ complexity of EEG signals in AD model rats , and improve the learning and memory ability of them.