Objective To observe the expression of the transforming growth factor beta 1, the basic fibroblast growth factor and the core protein of proteoglycan on the convex and concave sides of apex and end vertebral cartilagnous endplate in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Methods There were 12 cases in the study group. There were 4 males and 8 females. The age of patients at the surgery ranged from 12 to 20 years(with an average of 14.9 years). The Cobb angle ranged 43? to 102? (mean, 65.1?) preoperatively. The diagnosis of idiopathic scolisis was made based on radiography, CTM and/or MRI to rule out congenital, neuromyeputhic and other scolisis. All patients underwent anterior correction procedures. The sections of the convex and concave side of the resected apex and end vertebral cartilage endplate were examined with S-P immunohistochemistry and the results were analyzed with image analysis system. Results The transforming growth factor beta 1, the basic fibroblast growth factor and the core protein of proteoglycan were all expressed in the cytoplasm of chondrocytes in the cartilaginous endplate. With non-parameter Wilcoxon rank test, the area density and quantity density of the transforming growth factor beta 1, the basic fibroblast growth factor on the concave curve of the apex and end vertebrae are expressed in a significantly higher level than those of the convex curve at the apex and end vertebrae(P0.05). Conclusion There was a significantly higher expression of TGF?1 and bFGF, while a lower expression of the core protein on the concave side, which suggest a possible aetiological factor or a secondary change in the development of AIS.

Objective To investigate the surgical management of scoliosis in neurofibromatosis Ⅰ type. Methods Since 1983, the results of surgical intervention of 31 consecutive patients for scoliosis in neurofibromatosis were reviewed. There were 19 males and 12 females. The mean age of the patients was 15.4 years (range, 5 to 25 years). The type of curve in scoliosis included thoracic curve in 23 patients, lumbar curve in 3 and thoracolumbar curve in 5. There were 6 cases of thoracic curves associated with kyphosis. The mean Cobb angle of scoliosis was 85.9? ranging from 45? to 145?, and the mean Cobb angle of kyphosis was 81.3? ranging from 43? to 120? before operation. The surgical methods included posterior operation in 17 patients, anterior operation in 2, and combination of anterior and posterior in 12. The instrumentation used for internal fixation included Harrington rod in 7 patients,Luque rod in 3, combination of Harrington and Luque rod in 5 patients, CD in 4 patients, CDH in 3 patients,TSRH in 7, and PRSS in 2, 10 cases of whom only single rod fixation were used. Results The patients were followed up for an average of 9.4 years (range, 1-18 years). The correction rate of Cobb angle in scoliosis was 33.4% in scoliosis, and 39.6% in kyphosis postoperatively. The complications of the group consisted of Luque rod breakage in 1 patient, Harrington rod breakage in 1, Harrington rod and Luque wire breakage in 1,nonunion of bone graft and pseudarthrosis in 4, curve aggravation in 1. One patient underwent revision for three times because of recurrent hook dislodgement. Conclusion Scoliosis in neurofibromatosis should be operated early, sufficient bone graft and the solid instrumentation for internal fixation are required.

Objective The study was to probe into the causes and strategies of decompensation after operation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in order to reduce the operative mistakes and be aware of pitfalls in scoliosis surgery.Methods From July1997to December2001,174patients underwent the operation of three-dimensional correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,ten of them developed postoperative decom-pensation.Other four patients with postoperative decompensation were referred to our hospital,who received the primary operation for idiopathic scoliosis at the local hospital.In all,fourteen patients with decompensa-tion were retrospectively reviewed including3male and11female cases aging from12to23years(range,15.7years).The criteria of postoperative decompensation was defined as trunk shift more than2mm,shoul-der tilting,aggravated distal lumbar rotation in coronal plane,the plumb line of center of C 7 deviating the from the posterior edge of S 1 and kyphosis of thoracic-lumbar junction more than10degree in sagittal plane.Results The analysis was made depending on preoperative and postoperative X-ray films,the causes of de-compensation after surgery included classification error,inappropriate fusion level,over correction for tho-racic curve and insufficient knowledge of lumbosacral hemicurve in this group.According to the patientssubjective symptoms and decompensation conditions,ten of the patients were treated surgically,which in-cluded re-fusion and fixation for3patients,fusion level extension for6patients and fusion of the upper tho-racic curve after removing major thoracic curve instrumentation for one patient.The other four patients re-ceived conservative therapy with brace.The patients were followed up from1to3years(average,18.9months),except one case followed up to6months.Twelve patients regained spinal balance;two patients re-mained more than20mm trunk shift.Conclusion Although operative treatment is frequently used for idio-pathic scoliosis,it is important to recognize the necessity for operative intervention,indication for surgery.The adolescent idiopathic scoliosis should be operated according to the curve type and flexibility,the appro-priate fusion level and operative procedures can contribute to lessen the postoperative decompensation.If postoperative decompensation occurs,therapeutic decision should be made according to subjective symptoms and the decompensation type of the patients.

Objective:To construct a nomogram model for spontaneous respiratory arrest prediction in nerocritical patients within 72 hours after brain injury for early identification of potential brain death organ donors.Methods:From October 2017 to May 2019, 127 hospitalized neurocritical patients (including traumatic brain injury and spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage) were prospectively enrolled and the parameters related to brain injury were dynamically recorded. Among them, the data from October 1, 2017 to May 31, 2018 were used for constructing the training set and the data from June 1, 2018 to January 31, 2019 for constructing the validation set. The occurrence of spontaneous respiratory arrest within 72 h after brain injury was regarded as the time interest point and grouping factor. The factors associated with spontaneous respiratory arrest were screened by univariate and multivariate analyses. Then the Nomogarm prediction model was developed and tested in the validation set.Results:Sixty-five patients entered the training set and another 62 cases were enrolled into the validation set. In training set, univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that midline shift ( OR=4.56, 95%CI: 1.87~19.21), absent of ambient cistern ( OR=4.83, 95%CI: 1.35~16.34), cough reflex ( OR=3.82, 95%CI: 1.15~12.42), intraventricular hemorrhage ( OR=3.16, 95%CI: 1.53~14.52) and serum Na + <125 mmol/L ( OR=3.06, 95%CI: 1.53~13.44) were associated with spontaneous respiratory within 72 h. In both sets, the predicted C index of spontaneous respiratory arrest rate within 72 h was 0.81 (95%CI: 0.76~0.85) and 0.80 (95%CI 0.75~0.83) respectively. Further statistical analysis implied that 140, 160 and 170 points were the dangerous dividing points and these three points were 30.1%, 65.6% and 93.4% associated with spontaneous respiratory arrest within 72 h respectively. Conclusions:Nomogram model based upon assessment parameters of brain injury may predict the time of spontaneous respiratory arrest in neurocritical patients. It can be used for early identification of potential brain death organ donors. The results require further external data validation.

Objective To investigate the distribution of high pathogenicity island(HPI)in multiple-drug-resistance gram-negative bacilli and analyze the protein sequence.Methods To amplify thefyuA-irp2 gene cluster of the 84 isolates by multiple polymerase chain reaction(PCR),the product was subsequently sequenced.Results The positive rate ofirpl,irp2,irp3,irp4 and fyuA was 40.48％,41,67％,5.95％,O％and 16.67％,respectively.Theamino sequence offyuA comefromEC06748,Kp7151 and PAE7 was usedto compare with AL590842,there are 100％identities.Amino sequence ofirp2 come from Kp49 and Kp51 have 99％identities with AAA27636.1,but amino sequence of irp2 come from EC04 and EC07 only have 90％identities with 1176840.The GenBank accession number is FJ211852 and FJ211851.Amino sequence ofirpl come fromKp 10,Kp49 and Kp51 have 99％identities with AL590842。and amino sequence ofirp3 come from EC03,Kp51,Kp10 and Kp49 have 97％identities with CAA73128.There are the same mutation among the same species,and different mutation among different species.Conclusion There was different extant mutant lost in thefy～t-i,v2 gene cluster in multiple-drug-resistanee gram-negative bacilli.

Objective The purpose of this study was to improve the success of organ donation and organ quality by analyzing the hemodynamic stability effect of 3-durgs therapy in brain death donor.Methods In this prospective observational study,we collected clinical data of brain death donors,who was admitted in the First Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yet-sen University from October 2015 to December 2016."3-durgs" emphasizes simultaneous use and includes vasopressin,thyroxine and corticosteroids.The assessment of hemodynamics is based on blood pressure,heart rate,blood oxygen,urine volume,and vasoactive drugs.According to the time of admission,included patients were divided into two groups:3-durgs therapy group and conventional therapy group therapy group;the clinical data were compared between two groups to analyze the effect of 3-durgs on hemodynamic stability.Furthermore,we used univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses to assess associations between 3-durgs therapy and these variables.Results A total of 109 patients were included in the study;following the time sequence,54 cases enter into the conventional therapy group received conventional therapy,32 cases achieved hemodynamic stability;55 cases in 3-durgs group received 3-durgs and conventional therapy,45 cases achieved hemodynamic stability,3-durgs group is better than the conventional group.In the matter of high-does usage,single vasoactive agent can maintain hemodynamic stability rate and norepinephrine usage,3-durgs group is better than the conventional group.The univariate and multivariable analysis showed that the abnormal suprasellar cistern,midline shift,low free T3,axillary temperature more than 36.5 ℃ and central diabetes insipidus are associated with 3-durgs-hormone therapy.Conclusion 3-durgs therapy can contribute to maintain hemodynamic stability in brain death donors and reduce the usage of vasoactive agents,can improve the success rate of donations and improve the quality of occupied organ;meanwhile,the screened validities can predict the effectiveness of 3-durgs therapy.

Objective To identify the relative factors for "incongruent phenomenon" of brain electrical activity and cerebral blood flow during brain death determination for potential organ donors,and intensify the understanding and cognition of this phenomenon.Methods The clinical data of 127 potential donors accepted donation after brain death (DBD),admitted to our hospital from June 2018 to May 2019,were collected prospectively.All patients preferred brain electrical activity and cerebral blood flow assessments as the confirmatory tests of brain death determination.For patients with "incongruent phenomenon",further test of median nerve short latency evoked potential or brain electrical activity and cerebral blood flow assessments after waiting for 24 h were performed to confirm brain death determination again.Fifteen parameters,such as gender,age,time of spontaneous respiration arrest,blood pressure,operative types,neurological examination,neuroimaging index,and serum Na+ level,were selected;univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to identify these risk factors related to "incongruent phenomenon".Results Among the 127 patients,22 patients (17.3％) appeared "incongruent phenomenon";17 (77.2％) had electrical silence earlier than cerebral blood flow arrest,and 5 (22.7％) had cerebral blood flow arrest earlier than electrical silence.Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that age ≤ 14 years (OR=6.250,95CI:1.201-32.220,P=0.028),systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg (OR=7.430,95CI:1.621-33.992,P=0.010),primary brain-stem injury (OR=15.890,95CI:3.042-82.930,P=0.006),spontaneous respiratory arrest time ≤72 h (OR=1 1.964,95CI:3.045-82.932,P=0.006),and unilateral/bilateral decompressive craniectomy (OR=16.281,95CI:1.590-89.785,P=0.001)were independent risk factors for "incongruent phenomenon".Conclusion "Incongruent phenomenon" is common in confirmatory test of brain death determination in China;patients with age≤14 years,systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg,primary brain-stem injury,spontaneous respiratory arrest time ≤ 72 h,and decompressive craniectomy (unilateral/bilateral) are more likely to have "incongruent phenomenon".

OBJECTIVESTo assess surgical treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis associated with unstable degenerative spondylolisthesis.

METHODSIn 86 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis associated with unstable degenerative spondylolisthesis. (30 men and 56 women, aged from 30 to 77 years), 63 patients complained of lower back pain with both lower extremity pain, 10 patients pain in one leg, and 13 patients only lower back pain. Seventy-two of these patients complained of intermittent claudication, with a walking distance ranging from 10 to 1 000 m. Thirty-two patients had some changes in sensation, motion and reflexes of the foot. According to White' critera, all patients showed dynamic instability of the lesion. Meyerding criteria showed degree 1 in 79 patients, and degree 2 in 7. CT scan was made in 56 patients, MRI in 24 and MRM in 6 before operation. Myelography was performed in 61 patients, and CTM in 6. Stenosis and spondylolisthesis located between L(4) and L(5) in 49 patients, between L(3) and L(4) in 6, between L(5) and S(1) in 25, between L(3) and L(4) and between L(4) and L(5) in 2, and from L(3) to S(1) in 4. The patients with pathological spondylolisthesis were excluded. Lateral recess stenosis of one leg was observed in 10 patients, lateral recess of both legs in 22, and central canal stenosis in 54, of whom 12 patients were associated with protrusion of the lumbar disc. Decompression and autograft with iliac bone and various internal fixation were performed in all patients.

RESULTSThe patients were followed up from 8 months to 13 years, longer than 1 year (average 5.6 years) in 81 patients. According to Amundsen et al, excellent results were obtained in 78 patients, good in 5, and fair in 3. Spondylolisthesis was completely reduced in 70 patients of degree 1 (89.9%), and in 6 patients of degree 2 (85.7%). No patient showed slippage aggravated. 74 patients gained bone graft fusion within 3 months and 10 patients within 6 months. Two patients showed pseudoarthrosis during the follow-up. Complications included internal fixation breakage in 1 patient, and delayed infection in 1.

CONCLUSIONSComplete decompression and bone graft fusion are the key to treatment. Decompression and internal fixation improve the symptoms of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis associated with spondylolisthesis. Transpedicle instrumentation can reduce spondylolisthesis and maintain the physical curve of the lumbar.

Adult ; Aged ; Decompression, Surgical ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Stenosis ; complications ; surgery ; Spondylolisthesis ; surgery

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the effect of surgical treatment on metastatic spinal tumor.

METHODSThe results of surgical intervention for metastatic spinal tumor of 31 consecutive patients since October 1985 were reviewed.

RESULTSThe average survival time was 17.6 months (range from 3 months to 9 years), and 4 patients are still alive with an average survival time of 24.6 months (range, 14 to approximately 84 months). No postoperative complication was noted. The preoperative symptoms were partially relieved and neurological functions were improved after surgery.

CONCLUSIONSurgical treatment for metastatic spinal tumor could improve the life quality, but should be adopted cautiously. The surgical procedures such as decompression and internal fixation should be involved only when neurological deficits occurred. The surgery with postoperative complementary therapy may not only improve the life quality, but also extend the patients' life span.

Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Decompression, Surgical ; Female ; Humans ; Internal Fixators ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Quality of Life ; Spinal Neoplasms ; secondary ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; surgery

Objective By analyzing unusual movements of brain death organ donors before organ donation,to avoid misunderstanding and ensure the implementation of organ donation successfully.Methods Relevant clinical data of potential brain death organ donors admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun yat-sen University were prospectively collected between January 2016 and December 2017.The related parameters of neurological examination,neuroimaging examination and laboratory examination after brain death determination were dynamically recorded.The occurrence of limb,head and respiratory-like movement after brain death was defined as unusual movements,and the factors associated with unusual movements were screened by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results According to the inclusion criteria,164 patients were enrolled into this study.Twenty-two (13.4％) had unusual movements and duration was less than 72 h.Among them,21 (12.8％) had limbs unusual movements,6 (3.7％) had respiratory-like movement,5 (3％) owned both,and 4 (2.4％) had head rotation accompanied with limbs unusual movements.Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that axillary temperature ≤36 ℃,serum sodium ≤125 mmol/L,primary brain stem injury,spontaneous respiratory arrest time ≤72 h and age ≤ 18 years were associated with unusual movements.Conclusion During the clinical practice of brain death determination in China,the incidence of unusual movements is relatively low,and related to some factors,but it is extremely easy to cause misunderstanding.Correct cognition and interpretation are contributed to the successful implementation of organ donation.