Aim To study the biotransformation of gly-cyrrhizin in rat intestine-liver. Methods The in situ vascularly perfused rat intestine-liver model was estab-lished with a validated LC-MS/MS method for assay of the model perfusate glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid. Results The steady state intestinal and liver ex-traction ratios in the once-through perfused rat intes-tine-liver model for glycyrrhizin were ( 4. 2 ± 0. 6 )%and (28. 0 ± 3. 0)%, respectively; the first-order ab-sorption rate constant for glycyrrhizin in the recircula-tion of perfusate to the intestine model was ( 0. 33 ± 0. 06 ) min-1;after intraduodenal administration of gly-cyrrhizin,the main active metabolite in was the perfu-sate glycyrrhetinic acid, which was also found in intes-tinal luminal fluids. Conclusions The first-pass effi-cacy of glycyrrhizin is obvious and there is only a small amount of metabolite in the intestinal mucosa cells;gly-cyrrhizin is metabolized by gut bacteria or liver cells af-ter oral administration;the in situ vascularly perfused rat intestine-liver model can be used in glycyrrhizin pharmacokinetic studies.

Objective To optimize the prescription and preparation technology of finasteride dispersible tablets .Methods Wet granulation technique was applied to optimize the formulation and technology of finasteride tablets .Results The formulation of fi-nasteride tablets was that microcrystalline cellulose and lactose acts as diluent , 5% of low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose acts as disintegrant , 5%of povidone in alcohol water mixture acts as adhesive and 15%of opadry 85 G type acts as coating solution .The per-centage of dissolution was more than 90%in 45 miniutes.Conclusion The self-made finasteride tablets had stable quality , reliable process and were suitable for industrialized mass production .

Objective To study the effects of stored blood with low glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity for exchange transfusion (ET) in neonate hyperbilirubinemia.Method From January 2017 to December 2018,all neonates receiving ET for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in neonatology department of our hospital were prospectively enrolled.G6PD activity in stored blood and in these neonates were examined.Their demographic information and other clinical data including post-ET total serum bilirubin (TSB) decrease,post-ET phototherapy duration and total hospital stay duration were collected.Result A total of 99 cases were enrolled,51 cases with normal G6PD and 48 G6PD deficiency.Among normal G6PDneonates,those receiving low G6PD activity blood had less decrease of post-ET TSB [(56.9 ± 8.4) ％ vs.(72.5 ± 14.4) ％],longer hospital stay and longer post-ET phototherapy duration [(6.4 ± 2.3) d vs.(4.9 ± 1.3) d,(70.8 ± 36.2) h vs.(52.3 ± 16.3) h] (P ＜ 0.05) than those receiving normal G6PD blood.Among G6PD deficiency neonates,those receiving low G6PD activity blood had less decrease of post-ET TSB [(58.8 ±6.2)％ vs.(67.3 ± 13.9)％],longer hospital stay and longer post-ET phototherapy duration [(5.5 ± 2.2) d vs.(4.4 ± 1.4) d,(60.6 ± 25.9) h vs.(47.9 ± 27.9) h] (P ＜ 0.05) than those receiving normal G6PD blood.The G6PD activity in stored blood had significant influences on duration of phototherapy (F =7.695,P =0.007),duration of hospital stay (F =12.528,P =0.001) and decrease of post-ET TSB (F =29.025,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion ET with low G6PD activity stored blood has less favourable effects with less post-ET TSB decrease and prolonged duration of phototherapy and hospital stay.

Objective:To study disease spectrum and genetic profiles of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) among newborns in selected areas of Nanning city.Methods:From July 2019 to December 2021, neonates born and received IEM screening in our hospital were prospectively enrolled. Heel blood samples were tested using tandem mass spectrometry as IEM screening. Neonates with positive results were called back for recheck. Whole exome sequencing was used to detect possible pathogenic genes in suspected cases and IEM was diagnosed combining clinical manifestations. Sanger sequencing method was used for the diagnosed neonates and their parents to confirm the diagnoses.Results:A total of 16 207 live-birth neonates were enrolled. For initial IEM screening, 1 423 neonates were positive (8.8%) and 1 311 were called back (92.1%). 15 cases were suspected with IEM and 8 were diagnosed. The overall detection rate was 1∶2 026. Among 8 confirmed cases, 4 cases had amino acid metabolism disorders (2 cases of phenylketonuria, 1 case of Citrin deficiency and 1 case of tyrosinemia), 2 cases had organic acid metabolism disorders (1 case of methylmalonic acidemia and 1 case of glutaric acidemia) and 2 cases had fatty acid oxidation disorders (1 case of carnitine palmitotransferaseⅡdeficiency and 1 case of primary carnitine deficiency). 5 cases had homozygous genetic variants (2 in PAH, and 1 in SLC25A13, SLC22A5 and FAH, respectively) and 3 had heterozygous genetic variants (1 in CPT2, MUT, and GCDH, respectively). During follow-up, all 8 cases had normal growth and developmental outcomes after standardized treatment.Conclusions:The overall detection rate of IEM is high, with varied genetic profiles in selected areas of Nanning. Timely genetic testing may lead to early diagnosis and treatment and improve the quality of life of neonates.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of neonatal enteroviral meningitis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 87 cases with intracranical infection.The cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)samples of these neonates were collected and tested by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) for enterovirus.According to the results, the cases were divided into the positive group(55 cases) and negative group(32 cases). The clinical characteristics of the cases were collected.Results:The time in hospital of the positive group was shorter than the negative group[(9.5±5.2)d vs.(21.8±15.8)d, t=4.295, P<0.001]. The cure rates of the positive group was higher[96.4%(53/55) vs. 81.2%(26/32), χ2=3.872, P=0.049]. There was no death case in the positive group, while there were 3 death cases(9.4%, 3/32)in the negative group.In summer and autumn, the morbidity of the positive group was higher[96.4%(53/55) vs.62.5%(20/32), χ2=17.181, P<0.001]. In two groups, the most predominant clinical presentation was fever[90.9%(50/55) vs. 68.8%(22/32), χ2=6.962, P=0.008]. CSF examination results showed that white blood cells, the proportion of polymorphonuclear cell and CSF protein in the positive group were lower than those in the negative group, while the proportion of mononuclear cell and CSF glucose level in the positive group were higher( P<0.001). Blood and CSF cultures were negative in the positive group.There were 10 cases whose blood cultures and CSF cultures were positive in the negative group.Among them, there were 3 cases infected by group B streptococcus, 6 cases by E. coli, 1 case by Chryseobacterium meningosepticum.The prognoses of the CSF culture positive cases were poor.The abonormal cases detected by cerebral ultrasound, MRI and aEEG were fewer in the positive group( P<0.05). Conclusion:Enterovirus is the common pathogen of nonbacterial meningitis in summer and autumn in our region.The prognosis of enteroviral meningitis is better.Neonates with suspected clinical presentation, such as fever, should undergo PCR test to check CSF for enteroviru.

Objective To investigate high risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV)prevalence among married women in Beijing and to study the high risk flactors.nethods During March 2007 to September 2008.a total of 6185 married women sampled from 137 communities in 12 districts were screened bv HR-HPV DNA test and cytogical test.The interview was carried out with unified questionnaires.The databage was set up and twice entered in EpiDam 3.0.After checked up,the data were analyzed in SPSS 15.0.Results (1) The HR-HPV infection rate was 9.89%.The HR-HPV infection rate of the city zone,the suburb and the exurb were 9.34%,10.51% and 9.51% (P>0.05).The HR-HPV infection rate of the native and the oudander were 9.53%,11.30% (P<0.05).(2) The age distribution of HR-HPV infection was that the rate was around 10% among 25 to 44 age groups,which was the highest(11.21%) in 30 to 34 age group;then the rate was descended as the age raising,the rate of 50 to 54 age group was the lowest(7.78%).(3) Multiple logistic regression showed that the related risk factors of HR-HPV infection mainly included 1000 RMB and above of family income per person per month.possessing more than 1 sexual partner of her husband,outlander and hish levels of education.(4) The prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)in HR-HPV positive group wag significantly higher than that in HR-HPV negative group(29.76% vs 3.32%,P<0.01).Conclusions(1)The HR-HPV infection rate among aged 25 to 54 years was 9.9% and there was no significant difference in area distribution.(2)The hish risk population which should strengthen screening was the married bearing-age women with high level of family income,outlander,high levels of education and her husband possessing more than 1 sexual partner.(3)HR-HPV infection is the main risk factor for CIN and cervical cancer.while does not provide a causal relationship with them.The high risk population should be checked regularly to understand the development of HR-HPV infection and CIN incidence.